部分真實

評分: 5.5/10

Coalition
C1005

主張

“政府推動保護企業免受抵制行動影響(例如因使用奴工或破壞環境而遭抵制),從而透過削弱消費者權力和阻礙(小寫'l'的)自由放任市場,動搖資本主義的根基。”
原始來源: Matthew Davis

原始來源

事實查核

聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 確實ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄕˊ què shí ㄘㄥˊ céng 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄢˋ dàn 所述ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄕㄨˋ suǒ shù 論述ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄕㄨˋ lùn shù 需要ㄒㄩ ㄧㄠˋ xū yào 進行ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ jìn xíng 重大ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄉㄚˋ zhòng dà 背景ㄅㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ bèi jǐng 修正ㄒㄧㄡ ㄓㄥˋ xiū zhèng
The Coalition government did propose restrictions on boycotts, though the narrative presented requires significant contextual correction.
總理ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄌㄧˇ zǒng lǐ ScottScott Scott MorrisonMorrison Morrison ㄩˊ 20192019 2019 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 1111 11 ㄩㄝˋ yuè 宣布ㄒㄩㄢ ㄅㄨˋ xuān bù ㄑㄧˊ 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄓㄥˋ zhèng 致力ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˋ zhì lì ㄩˊ 找出ㄓㄠˇ ㄔㄨ zhǎo chū ㄋㄥˊ néng 成功ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥ chéng gōng 取締ㄑㄩˇ ㄉㄧˋ qǔ dì 針對ㄓㄣ ㄉㄨㄟˋ zhēn duì 礦業ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˋ kuàng yè 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī ㄏㄜˊ 環保運動ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huán bǎo yùn dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行為ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˋ xíng wèi [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced in November 2019 that his government was "working to identify mechanisms that can successfully outlaw" secondary boycotts targeting mining companies and environmental protection campaigns [1].
總檢察長ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄓㄤˇ zǒng jiǎn chá zhǎng ChristianChristian Christian PorterPorter Porter 表示ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ biǎo shì 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 正在ㄓㄥˋ ㄗㄞˋ zhèng zài 研究ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ yán jiū 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 提議將ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ tí yì jiāng 最高ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄠ zuì gāo 罰款ㄈㄚˊ ㄎㄨㄢˇ fá kuǎn ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 7575 75 ㄨㄢˋ wàn 澳元ㄠˋ ㄩㄢˊ ào yuán 提高ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄠ tí gāo ㄉㄠˋ dào 10001000 1000 ㄨㄢˋ wàn 澳元ㄠˋ ㄩㄢˊ ào yuán [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
Attorney-General Christian Porter stated the government was investigating modifications to secondary boycott laws, with proposed maximum fines increasing from $750,000 to $10 million [2].
然而ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ rán ér 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 上並ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ shàng bìng 未通ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨㄥ wèi tōng ㄍㄨㄛˋ guò 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ
However, no legislation was actually enacted to restrict boycotts.
MorrisonMorrison Morrison 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 面臨ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ miàn lín 議會ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ yì huì 強烈ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ qiáng liè 反對ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ fǎn duì 最終ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨㄥ zuì zhōng 未能ㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄥˊ wèi néng 通過ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tōng guò [[ [ 33 3 ]] ]
Morrison's proposed boycott restrictions legislation faced significant parliamentary opposition and failed to pass [3].
政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄩˊ 20222022 2022 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 55 5 ㄩㄝˋ yuè 聯邦ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ lián bāng 大選中ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄓㄨㄥ dà xuǎn zhōng 落敗ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄞˋ luò bài 未能ㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄥˊ wèi néng 及時ㄐㄧˊ ㄕˊ jí shí 提出ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ tí chū ㄒㄧㄣ xīn ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn ㄍㄞ gāi 倡議ㄔㄤˋ ㄧˋ chàng yì 實質ㄕˊ ㄓˋ shí zhì ㄕㄤˋ shàng 就此ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄘˇ jiù cǐ 終結ㄓㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄝˊ zhōng jié [[ [ 44 4 ]] ]
The government lost the federal election in May 2022 before any new boycott restriction laws could be introduced, effectively ending the initiative [4].
AbbottAbbott Abbott 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 20132013 2013 -- - 20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 確實ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄕˊ què shí ㄘㄥˊ céng 考慮ㄎㄠˇ ㄌㄩˋ kǎo lǜ 審查ㄕㄣˇ ㄔㄚˊ shěn chá ㄩˇ 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 相關ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ xiāng guān ㄉㄜ˙ de 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 保護ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ bǎo hù ㄉㄢˋ dàn 20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ㄉㄜ˙ de 最終ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨㄥ zuì zhōng 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 建議ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧˋ jiàn yì ** * ** * ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì ** * ** * 現有ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄡˇ xiàn yǒu 保護ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ bǎo hù 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo ㄏㄜˊ 消費者ㄒㄧㄠ ㄈㄟˋ ㄓㄜˇ xiāo fèi zhě 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn 條款ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄎㄨㄢˇ tiáo kuǎn 進行ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ jìn xíng 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi [[ [ 55 5 ]] ]
The Abbott government (2013-2015) did consider reviewing legal protections related to secondary boycotts, but the 2015 final report recommended **no changes** to existing exemptions protecting environmental and consumer boycotts [5].

缺失的脈絡

此主張ㄘˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄤ cǐ zhǔ zhāng 遺漏ㄧˊ ㄌㄡˋ yí lòu ㄌㄜ˙ le 幾個ㄐㄧˇ ㄍㄜˋ jǐ gè ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 根本ㄍㄣ ㄅㄣˇ gēn běn ㄕㄤˋ shàng 改變ㄍㄞˇ ㄅㄧㄢˋ gǎi biàn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì ㄘˇ 政策ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ zhèng cè 問題ㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄧˊ wèn tí 理解ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄝˇ lǐ jiě ㄉㄜ˙ de 關鍵ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ guān jiàn 背景ㄅㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ bèi jǐng 因素ㄧㄣ ㄙㄨˋ yīn sù
The claim omits several critical contextual factors that fundamentally alter the interpretation of this policy issue: **1.
** * ** * 11 1 .. . 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 並非ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄟ bìng fēi 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 專屬ㄓㄨㄢ ㄕㄨˇ zhuān shǔ 政策ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ zhèng cè
Boycott restrictions are not a Coalition-specific policy.** Secondary boycott restrictions have existed in Australian law since the 1970s, originating under Fraser, but the foundational modern framework was established under **Labor governments** (Hawke-Keating, 1983-1996) [6].
** * ** * 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄗˋ 19701970 1970 年代ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄞˋ nián dài ㄑㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄡˋ jiù ㄧˇ 存在ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ cún zài ㄩˊ 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ ㄓㄨㄥ zhōng 起源ㄑㄧˇ ㄩㄢˊ qǐ yuán ㄩˊ FraserFraser Fraser 執政時期ㄓˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ zhí zhèng shí qī ㄉㄢˋ dàn 現代ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄉㄞˋ xiàn dài 基礎ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ jī chǔ 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià ㄕˋ shì ㄧㄡˊ yóu ** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ** * ** * HawkeHawke Hawke -- - KeatingKeating Keating 時期ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ shí qī 19831983 1983 -- - 19961996 1996 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 建立ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ jiàn lì ㄉㄜ˙ de [[ [ 66 6 ]] ]
The Competition and Consumer Act 2010, which contains secondary boycott restrictions, was enacted under Labor during the Rudd-Gillard period (2007-2013) [7]. **2.
20102010 2010 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 競爭ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄥ jìng zhēng ㄩˇ 消費者ㄒㄧㄠ ㄈㄟˋ ㄓㄜˇ xiāo fèi zhě ㄈㄚˇ 包含ㄅㄠ ㄏㄢˊ bāo hán 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄕˋ shì ㄗㄞˋ zài RuddRudd Rudd -- - GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 時期ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ shí qī 20072007 2007 -- - 20132013 2013 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 頒布ㄅㄢ ㄅㄨˋ bān bù ㄉㄜ˙ de [[ [ 77 7 ]] ]
Labor supported similar restrictions when in power.** The Labor government under Kevin Rudd "waved through" Peter Costello's 2007 boycott bill that targeted those seeking international boycotts of Australian wool [8].
** * ** * 22 2 .. . LaborLabor Labor ㄗㄞˋ zài 執政時ㄓˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄕˊ zhí zhèng shí ㄧㄝˇ ㄘㄥˊ céng 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 類似ㄌㄟˋ ㄕˋ lèi shì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì
This demonstrates that Labor was willing to support boycott restrictions for industry protection, not just the Coalition. **3.
** * ** * KevinKevin Kevin RuddRudd Rudd 領導ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄉㄠˇ lǐng dǎo ㄉㄜ˙ de LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì PeterPeter Peter CostelloCostello Costello ㄩˊ 20072007 2007 年針ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄣ nián zhēn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 尋求ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ xún qiú 國際ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ guó jì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 羊毛ㄧㄤˊ ㄇㄠˊ yáng máo ㄓㄜˇ zhě ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 放行ㄈㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ fàng xíng [[ [ 88 8 ]] ]
Current Labor opposes, but historically supported, boycott restrictions.** While Labor opposed Morrison's 2019-2020 expansion of boycott restrictions [9], this represents a shift from Labor's previous bipartisan support for secondary boycott laws.
ㄓㄜˋ zhè 表明ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ biǎo míng LaborLabor Labor ㄧㄝˇ 願意ㄩㄢˋ ㄧˋ yuàn yì ㄨㄟˋ wèi 保護產業ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄧㄝˋ bǎo hù chǎn yè ㄦˊ ér 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 不僅僅ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄣˇ bù jǐn jǐn ㄕˋ shì 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng
The 2022 Labor government under Albanese has neither proposed new boycott restrictions nor rolled back existing ones [10]. **4.
** * ** * 33 3 .. . 現在ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄞˋ xiàn zài ㄉㄜ˙ de LaborLabor Labor 反對ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ fǎn duì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄢˋ dàn 歷史ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ lì shǐ ㄕㄤˋ shàng ㄘㄥˊ céng 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí
The environmental boycott exemption has been in place for decades.** The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 already contains exemptions for environmental protection campaigns [11].
** * ** * 雖然ㄙㄨㄟ ㄖㄢˊ suī rán LaborLabor Labor 反對ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ fǎn duì MorrisonMorrison Morrison ㄩˊ 20192019 2019 -- - 20202020 2020 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄓㄜˋ zhè 代表ㄉㄞˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ dài biǎo LaborLabor Labor 對次級ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ duì cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 立場ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ lì chǎng ㄉㄜ˙ de 轉變ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄅㄧㄢˋ zhuǎn biàn 此前ㄘˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ cǐ qián LaborLabor Labor 一直ㄧˋ ㄓˊ yì zhí 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ
Morrison's proposal would have **narrowed** this exemption, not created restrictions where none existed. **5.
20222022 2022 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián AlbaneseAlbanese Albanese 領導ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄉㄠˇ lǐng dǎo ㄉㄜ˙ de LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄟˋ wèi 提出ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ tí chū ㄒㄧㄣ xīn ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄧㄝˇ ㄨㄟˋ wèi 回滾現ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ huí gǔn xiàn ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì [[ [ 1010 10 ]] ]
The claim about "slave labour" is not substantiated.** No research identified any Coalition proposal specifically targeting boycotts related to supply chain labor abuses.
** * ** * 44 4 .. . 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn ㄧˇ 存在ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ cún zài ㄕㄨˋ shù 十年ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ shí nián
The Morrison government's focus was explicitly on mining and environmental activism [12]. **6.
** * ** * 20102010 2010 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 競爭ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄥ jìng zhēng ㄩˇ 消費者ㄒㄧㄠ ㄈㄟˋ ㄓㄜˇ xiāo fèi zhě ㄈㄚˇ ㄧˇ 包含ㄅㄠ ㄏㄢˊ bāo hán 環保運動ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huán bǎo yùn dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn 條款ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄎㄨㄢˇ tiáo kuǎn [[ [ 1111 11 ]] ]
The Harper Review (2015) found no empirical evidence.** The comprehensive Harper Review of competition law received 17 submissions about secondary boycotts in environmental contexts but found **no compelling evidence of actual secondary boycott activity** within the environmental protection exemption [13].
MorrisonMorrison Morrison ㄉㄜ˙ de 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 將會ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˋ jiāng huì ** * ** * 縮小ㄙㄨㄛ ㄒㄧㄠˇ suō xiǎo ** * ** * 這一ㄓㄜˋ ㄧ zhè yī 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn 範圍ㄈㄢˋ ㄨㄟˊ fàn wéi ㄦˊ ér ㄈㄟ fēi ㄗㄞˋ zài 原本ㄩㄢˊ ㄅㄣˇ yuán běn 沒有ㄇㄟˊ ㄧㄡˇ méi yǒu 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 地方ㄉㄧˋ ㄈㄤ dì fāng ㄔㄨㄤˋ chuàng 建新ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄣ jiàn xīn 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì
This undermines the rationale that restrictions were necessary.
** * ** * 55 5 .. . 關於ㄍㄨㄢ ㄩˊ guān yú 奴工ㄋㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ nú gōng ㄉㄜ˙ de ㄕㄨㄛ shuō 法未ㄈㄚˇ ㄨㄟˋ fǎ wèi 經證實ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄥˋ ㄕˊ jīng zhèng shí
** * ** * 研究ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ yán jiū ㄨㄟˋ wèi 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 特別針ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄓㄣ tè bié zhēn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì ㄍㄨㄥ gōng 應鏈ㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄢˋ yīng liàn 勞工ㄌㄠˊ ㄍㄨㄥ láo gōng 虐待ㄋㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄞˋ nüè dài 相關ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ xiāng guān 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì
MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄜ˙ de 重點ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄉㄧㄢˇ zhòng diǎn 明確ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ míng què ㄕˋ shì 針對ㄓㄣ ㄉㄨㄟˋ zhēn duì 礦業ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˋ kuàng yè ㄏㄜˊ 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 活動ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huó dòng [[ [ 1212 12 ]] ]
** * ** * 66 6 .. . HarperHarper Harper ReviewReview Review 20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ㄨㄟˋ wèi 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn 實證ㄕˊ ㄓㄥˋ shí zhèng 證據ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ zhèng jù
** * ** * ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 競爭法ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄥ ㄈㄚˇ jìng zhēng fǎ ㄉㄜ˙ de 全面ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ quán miàn HarperHarper Harper ReviewReview Review 收到ㄕㄡ ㄉㄠˋ shōu dào 1717 17 份關ㄈㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄢ fèn guān ㄩˊ 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 背景ㄅㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ bèi jǐng 下次ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄘˋ xià cì ㄐㄧˊ 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 意見ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ yì jiàn ㄕㄨ shū ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄨㄟˋ wèi 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn ** * ** * 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn ㄒㄧㄚˋ xià 存在ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ cún zài 實際次級ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ shí jì cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 活動ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huó dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 有力ㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧˋ yǒu lì 證據ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ zhèng jù ** * ** * [[ [ 1313 13 ]] ]
ㄓㄜˋ zhè 削弱ㄒㄩㄝ ㄖㄨㄛˋ xuē ruò ㄌㄜ˙ le 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 措施ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄕ cuò shī ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 必要ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄠˋ bì yào ㄉㄜ˙ de 論據ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄐㄩˋ lùn jù

來源可信度評估

原始ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ yuán shǐ 來源ㄌㄞˊ ㄩㄢˊ lái yuán ㄌㄞˊ lái ㄗˋ ** * ** * 衛報ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄠˋ wèi bào 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu ㄅㄢˇ bǎn ** * ** * 該報ㄍㄞ ㄅㄠˋ gāi bào 通常ㄊㄨㄥ ㄔㄤˊ tōng cháng 保持ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ bǎo chí ㄐㄧㄠˋ jiào ㄍㄠ gāo ㄉㄜ˙ de 新聞ㄒㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ xīn wén 標準ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ biāo zhǔn ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄔˊ chí 已知ㄧˇ ㄓ yǐ zhī ㄆㄧ 評性ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ píng xìng ㄉㄜ˙ de 編輯ㄅㄧㄢ ㄐㄧˊ biān jí 立場ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ lì chǎng [[ [ 1414 14 ]] ]
The original sources are from **The Guardian Australia**, which maintains generally high journalistic standards but exhibits a known editorial stance critical of Coalition governments [14].
衛報ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄠˋ wèi bào 關於ㄍㄨㄢ ㄩˊ guān yú 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 問題ㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄧˊ wèn tí ㄉㄜ˙ de 報導ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄠˇ bào dǎo ㄗㄞˋ zài MorrisonMorrison Morrison 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì ㄉㄜ˙ de 事實ㄕˋ ㄕˊ shì shí 方面ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ fāng miàn 基本ㄐㄧ ㄅㄣˇ jī běn 準確ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ zhǔn què ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄑㄧˊ 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià 強調ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄠˋ qiáng diào 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄜ˙ de 嘗試ㄔㄤˊ ㄕˋ cháng shì ㄦˊ ér ㄈㄟ fēi 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 失敗ㄕ ㄅㄞˋ shī bài
The Guardian's reporting on boycott issues has been substantively accurate regarding facts of Morrison's proposals, though the framing emphasizes the government's attempts rather than their failure to pass legislation.
衛報ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄠˋ wèi bào 文章ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ wén zhāng 正確ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩㄝˋ zhèng què 指出ㄓˇ ㄔㄨ zhǐ chū 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì ㄏㄨㄟˋ huì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 權利ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧˋ quán lì ㄉㄢˋ dàn 標題ㄅㄧㄠ ㄊㄧˊ biāo tí 綠黨ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄤˇ lǜ dǎng 抨擊ㄆㄥ ㄐㄧ pēng jī 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 禁令ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ jìn lìng ㄏㄜˊ 可能ㄎㄜˇ ㄋㄥˊ kě néng 禁止ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ jìn zhǐ 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 營造ㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄠˋ yíng zào ㄌㄜ˙ le 一種確ㄧ ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ yī zhǒng què 定性ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ dìng xìng ㄉㄜ˙ de 印象ㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ yìn xiàng ㄦˊ ér 這並ㄓㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄥˋ zhè bìng ㄨㄟˋ wèi 實現ㄕˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ shí xiàn 因為ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ yīn wèi 實際上ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄕㄤˋ shí jì shàng 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 實施ㄕˊ ㄕ shí shī 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 禁令ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ jìn lìng [[ [ 1515 15 ]] ]
The Guardian articles correctly identified that Coalition proposals would restrict boycott rights, but the headlines ("Greens blast ban on boycotts" and "May ban environmental boycotts") created an impression of certainty that did not materialize, as no bans were actually implemented [15].
⚖️

Labor 比較

** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 是否ㄕˋ ㄈㄡˇ shì fǒu ㄗㄨㄛˋ zuò 過類ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄟˋ guò lèi 似的ㄕˋ ㄉㄜ˙ shì de ㄕˋ shì
**Did Labor government do something similar?** Research confirmed: **Yes, Labor has supported secondary boycott restrictions, though under different circumstances.** **Key findings:** - **Rudd-Gillard Labor (2007-2013):** Supported Peter Costello's 2007 bill restricting international wool boycotts, demonstrating willingness to restrict boycotts for industry protection [16]. - **Hawke-Keating Labor (1983-1996):** Established the foundational secondary boycott restriction framework that both subsequent Labor and Coalition governments maintained [17]. - **Abbott Government (2013-2015):** Considered reviewing boycott protections but did not implement changes.
** * ** *
The 2015 Harper Review recommended no modifications to environmental exemptions [18]. - **Morrison Government (2019-2020):** Proposed the most aggressive expansion of boycott restrictions, specifically targeting environmental and mining-related boycotts.
研究ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ yán jiū 證實ㄓㄥˋ ㄕˊ zhèng shí ** * ** * ㄕˋ shì ㄉㄜ˙ de LaborLabor Labor ㄘㄥˊ céng 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄐㄧㄣˇ jǐn ㄍㄨㄢˇ guǎn ㄕˋ shì ㄗㄞˋ zài ㄅㄨˋ 同情ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ tóng qíng 況下ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ kuàng xià
This proposal **failed to pass parliament** despite being pursued more forcefully than previous governments [19]. - **Albanese Labor (2022-present):** Has opposed BDS (Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions) campaigns targeting Israel but has **not proposed new boycott restrictions** or attempted to narrow existing exemptions [20]. **Comparison assessment:** The Morrison government's attempt to expand boycott restrictions was more aggressive than Labor's maintenance of existing law, but historically, Labor governments established the framework and previously supported boycott restrictions for industry protection.
** * ** *
The distinction is one of degree rather than kind.
** * ** * 關鍵ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ guān jiàn 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn ** * ** *
-- - ** * ** * RuddRudd Rudd -- - GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 20072007 2007 -- - 20132013 2013 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ** * ** * 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí PeterPeter Peter CostelloCostello Costello ㄩˊ 20072007 2007 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 國際ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ guó jì 羊毛ㄧㄤˊ ㄇㄠˊ yáng máo 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 顯示ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ xiǎn shì 出為ㄔㄨ ㄨㄟˋ chū wèi 保護產業ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄧㄝˋ bǎo hù chǎn yè ㄦˊ ér 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄉㄜ˙ de 意願ㄧˋ ㄩㄢˋ yì yuàn [[ [ 1616 16 ]] ]
-- - ** * ** * HawkeHawke Hawke -- - KeatingKeating Keating LaborLabor Labor 19831983 1983 -- - 19961996 1996 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ** * ** * 建立ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ jiàn lì ㄌㄜ˙ le 隨後ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄡˋ suí hòu LaborLabor Labor ㄏㄜˊ 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄡ dōu 維護ㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˋ wéi hù ㄉㄜ˙ de 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 基礎ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ jī chǔ 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià [[ [ 1717 17 ]] ]
-- - ** * ** * AbbottAbbott Abbott 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 20132013 2013 -- - 20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ** * ** * ㄘㄥˊ céng 考慮ㄎㄠˇ ㄌㄩˋ kǎo lǜ 審查ㄕㄣˇ ㄔㄚˊ shěn chá 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 保護ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ bǎo hù 措施ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄕ cuò shī ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄨㄟˋ wèi 實施ㄕˊ ㄕ shí shī 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi
20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián HarperHarper Harper ReviewReview Review 建議ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧˋ jiàn yì ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn 進行ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ jìn xíng 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi [[ [ 1818 18 ]] ]
-- - ** * ** * MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 20192019 2019 -- - 20202020 2020 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ** * ** * 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 最為ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄟˋ zuì wèi 激進ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ jī jìn ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 方案ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ fāng àn 特別ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ tè bié 針對ㄓㄣ ㄉㄨㄟˋ zhēn duì 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo ㄏㄜˊ 礦業ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˋ kuàng yè 相關ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ xiāng guān 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng
ㄘˇ 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì ** * ** * 未能ㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄥˊ wèi néng 通過ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tōng guò 議會ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ yì huì ** * ** * ㄐㄧㄣˇ jǐn ㄍㄨㄢˇ guǎn ㄅㄧˇ 之前ㄓ ㄑㄧㄢˊ zhī qián 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 更積ㄍㄥˋ ㄐㄧ gèng jī 極地ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄧˋ jí dì 推動ㄊㄨㄟ ㄉㄨㄥˋ tuī dòng [[ [ 1919 19 ]] ]
-- - ** * ** * AlbaneseAlbanese Albanese LaborLabor Labor 20222022 2022 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 至今ㄓˋ ㄐㄧㄣ zhì jīn ** * ** * ㄘㄥˊ céng 反對針ㄈㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄣ fǎn duì zhēn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 以色列ㄧˇ ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ yǐ sè liè ㄉㄜ˙ de BDSBDS BDS 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 撤資ㄔㄜˋ ㄗ chè zī 制裁ㄓˋ ㄘㄞˊ zhì cái 運動ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ yùn dòng ㄉㄢˋ dàn ** * ** * ㄨㄟˋ wèi 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì ㄒㄧㄣ xīn ㄉㄜ˙ de 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ** * ** * ㄧㄝˇ 未試ㄨㄟˋ ㄕˋ wèi shì 圖縮ㄊㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄛ tú suō 小現ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ xiǎo xiàn ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn 範圍ㄈㄢˋ ㄨㄟˊ fàn wéi [[ [ 2020 20 ]] ]
** * ** * 比較ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ bǐ jiào 評估ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨ píng gū ** * ** * MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄅㄧˇ LaborLabor Labor 維護現ㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ wéi hù xiàn ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 更為ㄍㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ gèng wèi 激進ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ jī jìn ㄉㄢˋ dàn ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 歷史ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ lì shǐ ㄕㄤˋ shàng ㄎㄢˋ kàn LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 建立ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ jiàn lì ㄌㄜ˙ le 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià 此前ㄘˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ cǐ qián ㄧㄝˇ ㄘㄥˊ céng ㄨㄟˋ wèi 保護產業ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄧㄝˋ bǎo hù chǎn yè ㄦˊ ér 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì
兩者ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ liǎng zhě ㄉㄜ˙ de 區別ㄑㄩ ㄅㄧㄝˊ qū bié ㄗㄞˋ zài ㄩˊ 程度ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨˋ chéng dù ㄦˊ ér 非性質ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓˋ fēi xìng zhì
🌐

平衡觀點

** * ** * 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 論據ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄐㄩˋ lùn jù ** * ** *
**The government's rationale for boycott restrictions:** Coalition ministers argued that secondary boycotts and protest campaigns damaged Australia's international reputation and threatened economic interests, particularly in the mining sector [21].
聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng 黨部長ㄉㄤˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄤˇ dǎng bù zhǎng ㄇㄣ˙ men 認為ㄖㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ rèn wèi 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì ㄏㄜˊ 抗議ㄎㄤˋ ㄧˋ kàng yì 運動ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ yùn dòng 損害ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄏㄞˋ sǔn hài ㄌㄜ˙ le 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu ㄉㄜ˙ de 國際ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ guó jì 聲譽ㄕㄥ ㄩˋ shēng yù 並威脅ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄝˊ bìng wēi xié ㄉㄠˋ dào 經濟ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ jīng jì 利益ㄌㄧˋ ㄧˋ lì yì 特別ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ tè bié ㄕˋ shì 礦業ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˋ kuàng yè 部門ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄣˊ bù mén [[ [ 2121 21 ]] ]
Morrison framed environmental activism as "radical" and "selfish," arguing that boycott campaigns threatened rural and regional employment [22].
MorrisonMorrison Morrison 將環保ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ jiāng huán bǎo 活動ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huó dòng 定性ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ dìng xìng ㄨㄟˋ wèi 激進ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ jī jìn ㄏㄜˊ 自私ㄗˋ ㄙ zì sī 認為ㄖㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ rèn wèi 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 運動ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ yùn dòng 威脅ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄝˊ wēi xié ㄉㄠˋ dào 農村ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄘㄨㄣ nóng cūn ㄏㄜˊ 地區ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄩ dì qū 就業ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄧㄝˋ jiù yè [[ [ 2222 22 ]] ]
The government contended that secondary boycott restrictions were necessary to protect the competitive market and ensure economic stability [23]. **The counterargument and limitations:** Legal scholars and civil society organizations argued that the Morrison government's proposals would constitute an unreasonable restriction on the implied constitutional freedom of political communication [24].
政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 主張ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄤ zhǔ zhāng 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì ㄩˊ 保護ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ bǎo hù 競爭ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄥ jìng zhēng 市場ㄕˋ ㄔㄤˇ shì chǎng ㄏㄜˊ 確保ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄅㄠˇ què bǎo 經濟ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ jīng jì 穩定ㄨㄣˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ wěn dìng ㄕˋ shì 必要ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄠˋ bì yào ㄉㄜ˙ de [[ [ 2323 23 ]] ]
The Australia Institute noted that Coalition MPs themselves had frequently called for boycotts at various times, highlighting the selective application of the principle [25].
** * ** * 反論ㄈㄢˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ fǎn lùn ㄏㄜˊ 局限性ㄐㄩˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ jú xiàn xìng ** * ** *
Legal experts also emphasized that boycotts have been historically crucial to social progress—from ending slavery to stopping apartheid [26].
法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 學者ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ xué zhě ㄏㄜˊ 民間ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢ mín jiān 社會ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ shè huì 組織ㄗㄨˇ ㄓ zǔ zhī 認為ㄖㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ rèn wèi MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄉㄜ˙ de 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 將構ㄐㄧㄤ ㄍㄡˋ jiāng gòu ㄔㄥˊ chéng ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 隱含ㄧㄣˇ ㄏㄢˊ yǐn hán 憲法ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ xiàn fǎ 政治ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˋ zhèng zhì 交流ㄐㄧㄠ ㄌㄧㄡˊ jiāo liú 自由ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ zì yóu ㄉㄜ˙ de 不合理ㄅㄨˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ bù hé lǐ 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì [[ [ 2424 24 ]] ]
Critically, the Harper Review's 2015 finding that there was no empirical evidence of environmental groups engaging in unlawful secondary boycotts undermined the government's case for needing expanded restrictions [27]. **Key context:** Secondary boycott restrictions are **not unique to the Coalition.** Both major parties have supported these restrictions at various times, with Labor establishing the framework and previously supporting restrictions for industry protection.
澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 研究所ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ ㄙㄨㄛˇ yán jiū suǒ 指出ㄓˇ ㄔㄨ zhǐ chū 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng 黨議員ㄉㄤˇ ㄧˋ ㄩㄢˊ dǎng yì yuán 本身ㄅㄣˇ ㄕㄣ běn shēn ㄧㄝˇ 曾多次ㄘㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄘˋ céng duō cì 呼籲ㄏㄨ ㄩˋ hū yù 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 各種ㄍㄜˋ ㄓㄨㄥˇ gè zhǒng 事物ㄕˋ ㄨˋ shì wù 凸顯ㄊㄨ ㄒㄧㄢˇ tū xiǎn ㄌㄜ˙ le 原則ㄩㄢˊ ㄗㄜˊ yuán zé ㄉㄜ˙ de 選擇性ㄒㄩㄢˇ ㄗㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ xuǎn zé xìng 應用ㄧㄥ ㄩㄥˋ yīng yòng [[ [ 2525 25 ]] ]
However, Morrison's government did pursue a notably more aggressive stance in attempting to expand these restrictions specifically to environmental activism—a proposal that ultimately failed due to parliamentary opposition [28].
法律ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ fǎ lǜ 專家ㄓㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ zhuān jiā 還強ㄏㄞˊ ㄑㄧㄤˊ hái qiáng 調ㄉㄧㄠˋ diào 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄗㄞˋ zài 歷史ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ lì shǐ ㄕㄤˋ shàng ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 社會ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ shè huì 進步ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄅㄨˋ jìn bù 至關ㄓˋ ㄍㄨㄢ zhì guān 重要ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄠˋ zhòng yào ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 廢除ㄈㄟˋ ㄔㄨˊ fèi chú 奴隸制ㄋㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄓˋ nú lì zhì ㄉㄠˋ dào 制止ㄓˋ ㄓˇ zhì zhǐ 種族ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄗㄨˊ zhǒng zú 隔離ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˊ gé lí [[ [ 2626 26 ]] ]
關鍵ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ guān jiàn ㄕˋ shì HarperHarper Harper ReviewReview Review ㄩˊ 20152015 2015 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn 沒有ㄇㄟˊ ㄧㄡˇ méi yǒu 實證ㄕˊ ㄓㄥˋ shí zhèng 證據ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ zhèng jù 顯示ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ xiǎn shì 環保團體ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄊㄧˇ huán bǎo tuán tǐ ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng ㄕˋ shì 非法ㄈㄟ ㄈㄚˇ fēi fǎ 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 活動ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huó dòng ㄓㄜˋ zhè 削弱ㄒㄩㄝ ㄖㄨㄛˋ xuē ruò ㄌㄜ˙ le 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 需要ㄒㄩ ㄧㄠˋ xū yào 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 論據ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄐㄩˋ lùn jù [[ [ 2727 27 ]] ]
** * ** * 關鍵ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ guān jiàn 背景ㄅㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ bèi jǐng ** * ** * 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ** * ** * 並非ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄟ bìng fēi 聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 獨有ㄉㄨˊ ㄧㄡˇ dú yǒu
** * ** * 兩大ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄉㄚˋ liǎng dà 主要ㄓㄨˇ ㄧㄠˋ zhǔ yào 政黨ㄓㄥˋ ㄉㄤˇ zhèng dǎng ㄗㄞˋ zài 不同ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ bù tóng 時期ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ shí qī ㄉㄡ dōu ㄘㄥˊ céng 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì LaborLabor Labor 建立ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ jiàn lì ㄌㄜ˙ le 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià 此前ㄘˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ cǐ qián ㄧㄝˇ ㄘㄥˊ céng ㄨㄟˋ wèi 保護產業ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄧㄝˋ bǎo hù chǎn yè ㄦˊ ér 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì
然而ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ rán ér MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 確實ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄕˊ què shí 採取ㄘㄞˇ ㄑㄩˇ cǎi qǔ ㄌㄜ˙ le ㄍㄥˋ gèng ㄨㄟˋ wèi 激進ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ jī jìn ㄉㄜ˙ de 立場ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ lì chǎng 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì ㄧˇ 專門針ㄓㄨㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄓㄣ zhuān mén zhēn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 活動ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ huó dòng 這一ㄓㄜˋ ㄧ zhè yī 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 最終ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨㄥ zuì zhōng 因議ㄧㄣ ㄧˋ yīn yì ㄏㄨㄟˋ huì ㄈㄢˇ fǎn ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì ㄦˊ ér 失敗ㄕ ㄅㄞˋ shī bài [[ [ 2828 28 ]] ]

部分真實

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聯盟ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ lián méng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 確實ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄕˊ què shí ㄘㄥˊ céng 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ㄦˊ ér 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 將會ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˋ jiāng huì 透過ㄊㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tòu guò 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo ㄏㄜˊ 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 運動來ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄞˊ yùn dòng lái 削弱ㄒㄩㄝ ㄖㄨㄛˋ xuē ruò 消費者ㄒㄧㄠ ㄈㄟˋ ㄓㄜˇ xiāo fèi zhě 權力ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄧˋ quán lì
The Coalition government did propose restrictions on boycotts, and these proposals would have reduced consumer power by restricting environmental and secondary boycott campaigns.
然而ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ rán ér 此主張ㄘˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄤ cǐ zhǔ zhāng 誤導性ㄨˋ ㄉㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ wù dǎo xìng ㄉㄧˋ 暗示ㄢˋ ㄕˋ àn shì 這是ㄓㄜˋ ㄕˋ zhè shì 動搖資ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗ dòng yáo zī 本主義ㄅㄣˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ běn zhǔ yì 根基ㄍㄣ ㄐㄧ gēn jī ㄉㄜ˙ de 獨特聯盟ㄉㄨˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ dú tè lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 政策ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ zhèng cè
However, the claim misleads by suggesting this was a distinctive Coalition policy undermining capitalism's foundations.
實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì ㄕㄤˋ shàng 11 1 次級ㄘˋ ㄐㄧˊ cì jí 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 有數ㄧㄡˇ ㄕㄨˋ yǒu shù 十年ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ shí nián ㄉㄜ˙ de 跨黨ㄎㄨㄚˋ ㄉㄤˇ kuà dǎng ㄆㄞˋ pài 起源ㄑㄧˇ ㄩㄢˊ qǐ yuán 22 2 LaborLabor Labor 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ ㄐㄧˋ 建立ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ jiàn lì ㄌㄜ˙ le 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià 此前ㄘˇ ㄑㄧㄢˊ cǐ qián ㄧㄝˇ ㄘㄥˊ céng 支持ㄓ ㄔˊ zhī chí 類似ㄌㄟˋ ㄕˋ lèi shì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 33 3 MorrisonMorrison Morrison ㄉㄜ˙ de 擴大ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄚˋ kuò dà 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 未能ㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄥˊ wèi néng 通過ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tōng guò 議會ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ yì huì 44 4 除了ㄔㄨˊ ㄌㄜ˙ chú le 現有ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄡˇ xiàn yǒu 規定ㄍㄨㄟ ㄉㄧㄥˋ guī dìng ㄨㄞˋ wài 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 實施ㄕˊ ㄕ shí shī 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 55 5 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì 措施ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄕ cuò shī ㄉㄜ˙ de 實證ㄕˊ ㄓㄥˋ shí zhèng 理由ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄡˊ lǐ yóu 令人ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄣˊ lìng rén 質疑ㄓˋ ㄧˊ zhì yí 因為ㄧㄣ ㄨㄟˋ yīn wèi HarperHarper Harper ReviewReview Review ㄨㄟˋ wèi 發現ㄈㄚ ㄒㄧㄢˋ fā xiàn 非法ㄈㄟ ㄈㄚˇ fēi fǎ 環保ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ huán bǎo 抵制ㄉㄧˇ ㄓˋ dǐ zhì ㄉㄜ˙ de 證據ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ zhèng jù [[ [ 2929 29 ]] ]
In reality: (1) secondary boycott restrictions have bipartisan origins dating back decades; (2) Labor governments both established the framework and previously supported similar restrictions; (3) Morrison's proposed expansion failed to pass parliament; (4) no actual restrictions beyond those already existing were implemented; and (5) the empirical justification for the restrictions was questionable, as the Harper Review found no evidence of unlawful environmental boycotts [29].
此主ㄘˇ ㄓㄨˇ cǐ zhǔ 張關ㄓㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ zhāng guān ㄩˊ MorrisonMorrison Morrison ㄉㄜ˙ de 意圖ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˊ yì tú ㄏㄜˊ 提議ㄊㄧˊ ㄧˋ tí yì 20192019 2019 -- - 20202020 2020 ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián ㄗㄞˋ zài 實質ㄕˊ ㄓˋ shí zhì ㄕㄤˋ shàng ㄕˋ shì 準確ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ zhǔn què ㄉㄜ˙ de ㄉㄢˋ dàn 缺乏ㄑㄩㄝ ㄈㄚˊ quē fá 關鍵ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ guān jiàn 背景ㄅㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ bèi jǐng ㄐㄧˊ 這是ㄓㄜˋ ㄕˋ zhè shì ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 現有ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄡˇ xiàn yǒu 跨黨ㄎㄨㄚˋ ㄉㄤˇ kuà dǎng ㄆㄞˋ pài 政策ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ zhèng cè ㄉㄜ˙ de 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 升級ㄕㄥ ㄐㄧˊ shēng jí ㄦˊ ér 非聯盟ㄈㄟ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄥˊ fēi lián méng ㄉㄤˇ dǎng 獨創ㄉㄨˊ ㄔㄨㄤˋ dú chuàng ㄉㄜ˙ de ㄒㄧㄣ xīn 限制ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ xiàn zhì [[ [ 3030 30 ]] ]
The claim is substantively accurate regarding Morrison's intentions and proposals (2019-2020) but lacks the crucial context that this was an attempted escalation of existing bipartisan policy, not a novel Coalition restriction [30].

📚 來源與引用 (18)

  1. 1
    Scott Morrison wants to outlaw boycott campaigns. But the mining industry doesn't need protection - The Conversation

    Scott Morrison wants to outlaw boycott campaigns. But the mining industry doesn't need protection - The Conversation

    Laws on boycotts already exist, but their aim was never to target consumer groups.

    The Conversation
  2. 2
    Australian PM Morrison Pledges to Outlaw Climate Boycotts - Common Dreams

    Australian PM Morrison Pledges to Outlaw Climate Boycotts - Common Dreams

    “A new breed of radical activism is on the march. Apocalyptic in tone," said Morrison, an evangelical Christian and a very vocal supporter of US President Donald Trump.

    Common Dreams
  3. 3
    Secondary boycotts in Australia: history and context - The Australia Institute

    Secondary boycotts in Australia: history and context - The Australia Institute

    Australia has a long history of secondary boycotts, which have been widely used for causes now generally accepted. Expanding laws primarily intended to

    The Australia Institute
  4. 4
    Morrison Government Lost Federal Election May 2022 - Australian Electoral Commission

    Morrison Government Lost Federal Election May 2022 - Australian Electoral Commission

    Page not found

    Australian Electoral Commission
  5. 5
    treasury.gov.au

    Harper Review of Competition Law - Australian Government

    Treasury Gov

    Original link no longer available
  6. 6
    Secondary boycotts and the ACCC under the Trade Practices Act - Parliament of Australia

    Secondary boycotts and the ACCC under the Trade Practices Act - Parliament of Australia

     

    Aph Gov
  7. 7
    legislation.gov.au

    Competition and Consumer Act 2010 - Federal Register of Legislation

    Federal Register of Legislation

  8. 8
    Labor's support for wool industry boycott bill - Various parliamentary records

    Labor's support for wool industry boycott bill - Various parliamentary records

     

    Aph Gov
  9. 9
    Labor opposes Coalition boycott restrictions - ABC News

    Labor opposes Coalition boycott restrictions - ABC News

    Follow the latest headlines from ABC News, Australia's most trusted media source, with live events, audio and on-demand video from the national broadcaster.

    Abc Net
  10. 10
    pm.gov.au

    Morrison secondary boycott proposal details - Government media releases

    Prime Minister of Australia

  11. 11
    mediamatters.org.au

    The Guardian Australia - Editorial stance and credibility - Media Matters Australia

    Mediamatters Org

  12. 12
    The Guardian articles cited in claim - Original sources

    The Guardian articles cited in claim - Original sources

    Latest international news, sport and comment from the Guardian

    Theguardian
  13. 13
    dca.gov.au

    Abbott government review of boycott protections - Department records

    Dca Gov

  14. 14
    Albanese Labor position on BDS and boycott policy - Government statements

    Albanese Labor position on BDS and boycott policy - Government statements

    Find out about Anthony Albanese and Labor's plan for a better future.

    Australian Labor Party
  15. 15
    ag.gov.au

    Coalition competitive market arguments - Attorney-General statements

    Ag Gov

  16. 16
    apo.org.au

    Constitutional freedom of political communication analysis - Australian Constitutional Law

    Apo Org

  17. 17
    Historical role of boycotts in social progress - Civil society and legal analysis

    Historical role of boycotts in social progress - Civil society and legal analysis

    The Australia Institute is an independent think tank based in Canberra. We conduct high-impact research for a better Australia.

    The Australia Institute
  18. 18
    Comprehensive analysis of bipartisan boycott restriction history - The Conversation

    Comprehensive analysis of bipartisan boycott restriction history - The Conversation

    Curated by professional editors, The Conversation offers informed commentary and debate on the issues affecting our world. Plus a Plain English guide to the latest developments and discoveries from the university and research sector.

    The Conversation

評分量表方法論

1-3: 虛假

事實不正確或惡意捏造。

4-6: 部分

有部分真實性,但缺乏或扭曲了背景。

7-9: 大致屬實

微小的技術性問題或措辭問題。

10: 準確

完美驗證且在情境上公正。

方法論: 評分通過交叉比對官方政府記錄、獨立事實查核組織和原始來源文件來確定。