誤導

評分： 4.0/10

回報問題
Coalition
C0633

主張

“試圖取消所有免費電視台必須在上午6點至午夜期間提供字幕的要求。”
身心障礙
原始來源： Matthew Davis

原始來源

✅ 事實查核

該ㄍㄞ gāi 聲明ㄕㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ shēng míng 包含ㄅㄠ ㄏㄢˊ bāo hán 重大ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄉㄚˋ zhòng dà 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 事實ㄕˋ ㄕˊ shì shí 錯誤ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄨˋ cuò wù 。。 。
The claim contains a significant factual error.
 CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 免費ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄈㄟˋ miǎn fèi 電視台ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄊㄞˊ diàn shì tái 必須ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ bì xū 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 期間ㄑㄧ ㄐㄧㄢ qī jiān 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 。。 。
The Coalition government did NOT try to remove the requirement that free-to-air TV stations provide captions from 6am to midnight.
 這項ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ zhè xiàng 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 一直ㄧˋ ㄓˊ yì zhí 保持ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ bǎo chí 不變ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ bù biàn 。。 。
This requirement remained in place.
 《《 《 20142014 2014 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 及其ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ jí qí 他ㄊㄚ tā 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 修正ㄒㄧㄡ ㄓㄥˋ xiū zhèng （（ （ 放寬ㄈㄤˋ ㄎㄨㄢ fàng kuān 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn ）） ） 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 》》 》 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 上ㄕㄤˋ shàng 提出ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ tí chū 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 是ㄕˋ shì ：： ：
What the Broadcasting and Other Legislation Amendment (Deregulation) Bill 2014 actually proposed was: 1. **Removing annual compliance reporting requirements** - The requirement for broadcasters to submit annual compliance reports to ACMA about captioning levels was to be replaced with a complaints-based approach [1][2]. 2. **The 100% captioning requirement (6am-midnight) remained unchanged** - The substantive obligation for commercial and national broadcasters to caption 100% of programs on their primary channels from 6am to midnight was NOT removed by the legislation [3][4].
 11 1 .. . ** * ** * 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú ** * ** * -- - 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 向ㄒㄧㄤˋ xiàng ACMAACMA ACMA 提交ㄊㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄠ tí jiāo 關於ㄍㄨㄢ ㄩˊ guān yú 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 水平ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ shuǐ píng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú ，， ， 將被ㄐㄧㄤ ㄅㄟˋ jiāng bèi 基ㄐㄧ jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 機制ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ jī zhì 所ㄙㄨㄛˇ suǒ 取代ㄑㄩˇ ㄉㄞˋ qǔ dài [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
The ABC article cited in the original source clearly states: "Currently free-to-air television broadcasters have to provide 100 per cent captioning from 6:00am until midnight." It then quotes concerns from disability advocates about removing "compliance reporting" - not about removing captioning requirements themselves [1].
 22 2 .. . ** * ** * 100%100% 100% 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú （（ （ 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè ）） ） 維持ㄨㄟˊ ㄔˊ wéi chí 不變ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ bù biàn ** * ** * -- - 商業ㄕㄤ ㄧㄝˋ shāng yè 和ㄏㄜˊ hé 國家ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ guó jiā 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 必須ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ bì xū 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 其主頻ㄑㄧˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄆㄧㄣˊ qí zhǔ pín 道ㄉㄠˋ dào 上ㄕㄤˋ shàng 從ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 為ㄨㄟˋ wèi 100%100% 100% 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 節目ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄇㄨˋ jié mù 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 實質ㄕˊ ㄓˋ shí zhì 性義務ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄧˋ ㄨˋ xìng yì wù ，， ， 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 被ㄅㄟˋ bèi 該ㄍㄞ gāi 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
The Broadcasting and Other Legislation Amendment (Deregulation) Act 2015 passed in March 2015 with Schedule 6 addressing captioning.
 原始ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ yuán shǐ 來源ㄌㄞˊ ㄩㄢˊ lái yuán 引用ㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄥˋ yǐn yòng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de ABCABC ABC 文章ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ wén zhāng 明確ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ míng què 指出ㄓˇ ㄔㄨ zhǐ chū ：： ： 「「 「 目前ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ mù qián ，， ， 免費ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄈㄟˋ miǎn fèi 電視ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄕˋ diàn shì 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 必須ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ bì xū 從ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 :: : 0000 00 至ㄓˋ zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 100%100% 100% 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 。。 。
The Act modified compliance and reporting procedures but maintained the core captioning obligations [5][6].
 」」 」 隨後ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄡˋ suí hòu 引用ㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄥˋ yǐn yòng 殘疾ㄘㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ cán jí 人士ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ rén shì 倡導者ㄔㄤˋ ㄉㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ chàng dǎo zhě 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 「「 「 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 」」 」 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 擔憂ㄉㄢ ㄧㄡ dān yōu —— — —— — 而ㄦˊ ér 非ㄈㄟ fēi 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 本身ㄅㄣˇ ㄕㄣ běn shēn [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
《《 《 20152015 2015 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 及其ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ jí qí 他ㄊㄚ tā 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 修正ㄒㄧㄡ ㄓㄥˋ xiū zhèng （（ （ 放寬ㄈㄤˋ ㄎㄨㄢ fàng kuān 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn ）） ） 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 》》 》 於ㄩˊ yú 20152015 2015 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 33 3 月ㄩㄝˋ yuè 通過ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tōng guò ，， ， 其中ㄑㄧˊ ㄓㄨㄥ qí zhōng 附表ㄈㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ fù biǎo 66 6 涉及ㄕㄜˋ ㄐㄧˊ shè jí 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 問題ㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄧˊ wèn tí 。。 。
該ㄍㄞ gāi 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 和ㄏㄜˊ hé 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 程序ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄩˋ chéng xù ，， ， 但維持ㄉㄢˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄔˊ dàn wéi chí 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 核心ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄣ hé xīn 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 義務ㄧˋ ㄨˋ yì wù [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。

缺失的脈絡

** * ** * 20122012 2012 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 基準ㄐㄧ ㄓㄨㄣˇ jī zhǔn ：： ： ** * ** * 100%100% 100% 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú （（ （ 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè ）） ） 僅由前ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ jǐn yóu qián GillardGillard Gillard 工黨ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄤˇ gōng dǎng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 於ㄩˊ yú 20122012 2012 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 《《 《 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 服務法ㄈㄨˊ ㄨˋ ㄈㄚˇ fú wù fǎ 》》 》 修正案ㄒㄧㄡ ㄓㄥˋ ㄢˋ xiū zhèng àn 中ㄓㄨㄥ zhōng 引入ㄧㄣˇ ㄖㄨˋ yǐn rù ，， ， 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 獲准ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄨㄣˇ huò zhǔn 於ㄩˊ yú 20142014 2014 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 之前ㄓ ㄑㄧㄢˊ zhī qián 達到ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄠˋ dá dào 全面ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ quán miàn 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] [[ [ 88 8 ]] ] 。。 。
**The 2012 baseline:** The 100% captioning requirement (6am-midnight) was only introduced by the previous Gillard Labor government in 2012 amendments to the Broadcasting Services Act, with broadcasters given until 2014 to achieve full compliance [7][8].
 CoalitionCoalition Coalition 提出ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ tí chū 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi 建議ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧˋ jiàn yì 正是ㄓㄥˋ ㄕˋ zhèng shì 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 這一ㄓㄜˋ ㄧ zhè yī 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 即將ㄐㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄤ jí jiāng 全面ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ quán miàn 實施ㄕˊ ㄕ shí shī 之際ㄓ ㄐㄧˋ zhī jì 。。 。
The Coalition was proposing changes just as this requirement was being fully implemented. **Government's stated rationale:** The Department of Communications stated the changes would "provide greater flexibility" and that "a complaints-based approach was more appropriate as part of the Government's deregulation agenda" [1]. **What was actually changed:** The Act that passed in March 2015: - Removed annual compliance report requirements - Moved to complaints-based compliance monitoring - Allowed captioning targets to be averaged across subscription TV sports channels - Provided exemptions for new channels during their first year - Maintained the core 100% captioning requirement for primary channels [5][9]
 ** * ** * 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 公開ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄞ gōng kāi 理由ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄡˊ lǐ yóu ：： ： ** * ** * 通訊部ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄅㄨˋ tōng xùn bù 表示ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ biǎo shì ，， ， 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 變ㄅㄧㄢˋ biàn 更將ㄍㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄤ gèng jiāng 「「 「 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 更大的靈ㄍㄥˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄜ˙ ㄌㄧㄥˊ gèng dà de líng 活性ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ huó xìng 」」 」 ，， ， 並且ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄝˇ bìng qiě 「「 「 作為ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄟˋ zuò wèi 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 放寬ㄈㄤˋ ㄎㄨㄢ fàng kuān 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn 議程ㄧˋ ㄔㄥˊ yì chéng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 一部分ㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄈㄣˋ yī bù fèn ，， ， 基ㄐㄧ jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 機制ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ jī zhì 更ㄍㄥˋ gèng 為ㄨㄟˋ wèi 適當ㄕˋ ㄉㄤ shì dāng 」」 」 [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
** * ** * 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 更改ㄍㄥ ㄍㄞˇ gēng gǎi 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 內容ㄋㄟˋ ㄖㄨㄥˊ nèi róng ：： ： ** * ** * 於ㄩˊ yú 20152015 2015 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 33 3 月ㄩㄝˋ yuè 通過ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ tōng guò 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn ：： ：
-- - 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú
-- - 轉向基ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄐㄧ zhuǎn xiàng jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 監測ㄐㄧㄢ ㄘㄜˋ jiān cè 機制ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ jī zhì
-- - 允許ㄩㄣˇ ㄒㄩˇ yǔn xǔ 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 目標ㄇㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄠ mù biāo 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 收費ㄕㄡ ㄈㄟˋ shōu fèi 電視ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄕˋ diàn shì 體育ㄊㄧˇ ㄩˋ tǐ yù 頻道ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄠˋ pín dào 之間ㄓ ㄐㄧㄢ zhī jiān 平均ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ píng jūn 計算ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ jì suàn
-- - 為ㄨㄟˋ wèi 新ㄒㄧㄣ xīn 開設ㄎㄞ ㄕㄜˋ kāi shè 頻道ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄠˋ pín dào 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 其首ㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄡˇ qí shǒu 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 豁免ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˇ huò miǎn
-- - 維持ㄨㄟˊ ㄔˊ wéi chí 主頻ㄓㄨˇ ㄆㄧㄣˊ zhǔ pín 道ㄉㄠˋ dào 100%100% 100% 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 核心ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄣ hé xīn 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] [[ [ 99 9 ]] ]

來源可信度評估

原始ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ yuán shǐ 來源ㄌㄞˊ ㄩㄢˊ lái yuán 是ㄕˋ shì ** * ** * ABCABC ABC 新聞ㄒㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ xīn wén ** * ** * ，， ， 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 公共ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ gōng gòng 國家ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ guó jiā 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 機構ㄐㄧ ㄍㄡˋ jī gòu 。。 。
The original source is **ABC News**, Australia's public national broadcaster.
 ABCABC ABC 新聞ㄒㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ xīn wén 通常ㄊㄨㄥ ㄔㄤˊ tōng cháng 被視ㄅㄟˋ ㄕˋ bèi shì 為ㄨㄟˋ wèi 可信ㄎㄜˇ ㄒㄧㄣˋ kě xìn 、、 、 權威且ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄨㄟ ㄑㄧㄝˇ quán wēi qiě 主流ㄓㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ zhǔ liú 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 媒體ㄇㄟˊ ㄊㄧˇ méi tǐ 。。 。
ABC News is generally considered credible, authoritative, and mainstream.
 然而ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ rán ér ，， ， ABCABC ABC 文章ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ wén zhāng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 標題ㄅㄧㄠ ㄊㄧˊ biāo tí 和ㄏㄜˊ hé 框架ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄚˋ kuāng jià 著重ㄓㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ zhù zhòng 於ㄩˊ yú 聽障ㄊㄧㄥ ㄓㄤˋ tīng zhàng 社群ㄕㄜˋ ㄑㄩㄣˊ shè qún 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 擔憂ㄉㄢ ㄧㄡ dān yōu ，， ， 而ㄦˊ ér 非ㄈㄟ fēi 全面ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ quán miàn 解釋ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄕˋ jiě shì 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 變ㄅㄧㄢˋ biàn 更ㄍㄥˋ gèng 。。 。
However, the ABC article's headline and framing focus on the concerns of the deaf community rather than providing a comprehensive explanation of the actual legislative changes.
 文章ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ wén zhāng 準確ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ zhǔn què 引用ㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄥˋ yǐn yòng 了關ㄌㄜ˙ ㄍㄨㄢ le guān 於ㄩˊ yú 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 「「 「 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 」」 」 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 擔憂ㄉㄢ ㄧㄡ dān yōu ，， ， 但ㄉㄢˋ dàn 未能ㄨㄟˋ ㄋㄥˊ wèi néng 清楚ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄨˇ qīng chǔ 區分ㄑㄩ ㄈㄣ qū fēn 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 和ㄏㄜˊ hé 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú ，， ， 這ㄓㄜˋ zhè 可能ㄎㄜˇ ㄋㄥˊ kě néng 導致ㄉㄠˇ ㄓˋ dǎo zhì 該ㄍㄞ gāi 聲明ㄕㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ shēng míng 中ㄓㄨㄥ zhōng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 誤解ㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄝˇ wù jiě [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
The article accurately quotes concerns about removing "compliance reporting" but doesn't clearly distinguish between captioning requirements and reporting requirements, which may have led to the misinterpretation in the claim [1].
⚖️

Labor 比較

** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 確立ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˋ què lì 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 100%100% 100% 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú ：： ： ** * ** * 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 期間ㄑㄧ ㄐㄧㄢ qī jiān 100%100% 100% 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 是ㄕˋ shì 由ㄧㄡˊ yóu GillardGillard Gillard 工黨ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄤˇ gōng dǎng 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 於ㄩˊ yú 20122012 2012 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 引入ㄧㄣˇ ㄖㄨˋ yǐn rù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de ，， ， 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 獲准ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄨㄣˇ huò zhǔn 於ㄩˊ yú 20142014 2014 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 之前ㄓ ㄑㄧㄢˊ zhī qián 達到ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄠˋ dá dào 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] [[ [ 88 8 ]] ] 。。 。
**Labor established the 100% captioning requirement:** The requirement for 100% captioning between 6am and midnight was introduced by the Gillard Labor government in 2012, with broadcasters given until 2014 to comply [7][8].
 在此之前ㄗㄞˋ ㄘˇ ㄓ ㄑㄧㄢˊ zài cǐ zhī qián ，， ， 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 水平ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ shuǐ píng 明顯ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ míng xiǎn 較ㄐㄧㄠˋ jiào 低ㄉㄧ dī 。。 。
Before this, captioning levels were significantly lower. **Labor's position on the Coalition changes:** Labor, along with the Greens, opposed the deregulation bill's captioning provisions during Senate debate.
 ** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì CoalitionCoalition Coalition 修改ㄒㄧㄡ ㄍㄞˇ xiū gǎi 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 立場ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ lì chǎng ：： ： ** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 與ㄩˇ yǔ 綠黨ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄤˇ lǜ dǎng 一同ㄧ ㄊㄨㄥˊ yī tóng 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 參議院ㄘㄢ ㄧˋ ㄩㄢˋ cān yì yuàn 辯論ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ biàn lùn 中ㄓㄨㄥ zhōng 反ㄈㄢˇ fǎn 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 放ㄈㄤˋ fàng 寬ㄎㄨㄢ kuān 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn 法案ㄈㄚˇ ㄢˋ fǎ àn 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 條款ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄎㄨㄢˇ tiáo kuǎn 。。 。
The Australian Labor Party and disability advocates argued the changes would reduce accountability [10]. **No direct Labor equivalent:** There is no evidence that Labor attempted similar deregulation of captioning compliance during their 2007-2013 government.
 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 工黨ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄤˇ gōng dǎng 和ㄏㄜˊ hé 殘疾ㄘㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ cán jí 人士ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ rén shì 倡導者ㄔㄤˋ ㄉㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ chàng dǎo zhě 認為ㄖㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ rèn wèi ，， ， 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 變ㄅㄧㄢˋ biàn 更將ㄍㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄤ gèng jiāng 降低ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄉㄧ jiàng dī 問責性ㄨㄣˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ wèn zé xìng [[ [ 1010 10 ]] ] 。。 。
In fact, they strengthened captioning requirements.
 ** * ** * 並無ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨˊ bìng wú 直接ㄓˊ ㄐㄧㄝ zhí jiē 的ㄉㄜ˙ de LaborLabor Labor 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 應行ㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ yīng xíng 為ㄨㄟˋ wèi ：： ： ** * ** * 沒有ㄇㄟˊ ㄧㄡˇ méi yǒu 證據ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ zhèng jù 顯示ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ xiǎn shì LaborLabor Labor 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 其ㄑㄧˊ qí 20072007 2007 -- - 20132013 2013 年ㄋㄧㄢˊ nián 執政期ㄓˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄧ zhí zhèng qī 間ㄐㄧㄢ jiān 曾ㄘㄥˊ céng 嘗ㄔㄤˊ cháng 試類ㄕˋ ㄌㄟˋ shì lèi 似的ㄕˋ ㄉㄜ˙ shì de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 合規放ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄈㄤˋ hé guī fàng 寬ㄎㄨㄢ kuān 措施ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄕ cuò shī 。。 。
事實ㄕˋ ㄕˊ shì shí 上ㄕㄤˋ shàng ，， ， 他們ㄊㄚ ㄇㄣ˙ tā men 加強ㄐㄧㄚ ㄑㄧㄤˊ jiā qiáng 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 。。 。
🌐

平衡觀點

該ㄍㄞ gāi 聲明ㄕㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ shēng míng 歪曲ㄨㄞ ㄑㄩ wāi qū 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 實際ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ shí jì 發生ㄈㄚ ㄕㄥ fā shēng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 情況ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄎㄨㄤˋ qíng kuàng 。。 。
The claim misrepresents what occurred.
 CoalitionCoalition Coalition 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 本身ㄅㄣˇ ㄕㄣ běn shēn —— — —— — 他們ㄊㄚ ㄇㄣ˙ tā men 試圖將ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ shì tú jiāng ** * 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 機制ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ jī zhì ** * 從主動ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ cóng zhǔ dòng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 轉為ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄨㄟˋ zhuǎn wèi 被動ㄅㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ bèi dòng 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 基ㄐㄧ jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 系統ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ xì tǒng 。。 。
The Coalition did not attempt to remove the captioning requirement itself - they attempted to change the *compliance mechanism* from proactive annual reporting to a reactive complaints-based system. **Criticism of the Coalition approach:** - Disability advocates argued removing annual reporting would reduce broadcaster accountability [1][2] - Concerns that quality would decline without systematic monitoring - Deafness Forum Australia noted "it's taken decades for Australian governments to lift the standard of captioning here, so any dilution of these standards will put us even further behind" [1] **Counterpoints:** - The core captioning requirement remained unchanged - broadcasters were still legally required to provide 100% captioning from 6am to midnight - The complaints-based approach is used in other regulatory contexts and can be effective - The deregulation agenda was broad-based across multiple sectors, not specifically targeting disability services - Post-implementation, captioning compliance has remained high - ACMA reports show broadcasters continued meeting obligations [11]
 ** * ** * 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì CoalitionCoalition Coalition 方法ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ fāng fǎ 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 批評ㄆㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ pī píng ：： ： ** * ** *
-- - 殘疾ㄘㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ cán jí 人士ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ rén shì 倡導者ㄔㄤˋ ㄉㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ chàng dǎo zhě 認為ㄖㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ rèn wèi ，， ， 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 報告將ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄤ bào gào jiāng 降低ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄉㄧ jiàng dī 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 問責性ㄨㄣˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ wèn zé xìng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 擔心ㄉㄢ ㄒㄧㄣ dān xīn 若ㄖㄨㄛˋ ruò 缺乏ㄑㄩㄝ ㄈㄚˊ quē fá 系統性ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ xì tǒng xìng 監測ㄐㄧㄢ ㄘㄜˋ jiān cè ，， ， 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 質量ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄤˋ zhì liàng 將會ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˋ jiāng huì 下降ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ xià jiàng
-- - 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 聽障ㄊㄧㄥ ㄓㄤˋ tīng zhàng 論壇ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄢˊ lùn tán 指出ㄓˇ ㄔㄨ zhǐ chū 「「 「 澳洲ㄠˋ ㄓㄡ ào zhōu 政府ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ zhèng fǔ 花了數ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㄜ˙ ㄕㄨˋ huā le shù 十年ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ shí nián 時間ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄢ shí jiān 才將ㄘㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄤ cái jiāng 這裡ㄓㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ zhè lǐ 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 標準ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ biāo zhǔn 提升ㄊㄧˊ ㄕㄥ tí shēng ，， ， 因此ㄧㄣ ㄘˇ yīn cǐ 任何ㄖㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ rèn hé 削弱ㄒㄩㄝ ㄖㄨㄛˋ xuē ruò 這些ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄝ zhè xiē 標準ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ biāo zhǔn 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 行為ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˋ xíng wèi 都ㄉㄡ dōu 將使ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕˇ jiāng shǐ 我們ㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄣ˙ wǒ men 更加ㄍㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ gèng jiā 落ㄌㄨㄛˋ luò 後ㄏㄡˋ hòu 」」 」 [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
** * ** * 反方ㄈㄢˇ ㄈㄤ fǎn fāng 觀點ㄍㄨㄢ ㄉㄧㄢˇ guān diǎn ：： ： ** * ** *
-- - 核心ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄣ hé xīn 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 維持ㄨㄟˊ ㄔˊ wéi chí 不變ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ bù biàn —— — —— — 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 仍ㄖㄥˊ réng 依法ㄧ ㄈㄚˇ yī fǎ 必須ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ bì xū 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 期間ㄑㄧ ㄐㄧㄢ qī jiān 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 100%100% 100% 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù
-- - 基ㄐㄧ jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 機制ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ jī zhì 在ㄗㄞˋ zài 其他ㄑㄧˊ ㄊㄚ qí tā 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn 情境ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ qíng jìng 中ㄓㄨㄥ zhōng 也ㄧㄝˇ yě 有ㄧㄡˇ yǒu 應用ㄧㄥ ㄩㄥˋ yīng yòng ，， ， 並且ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄝˇ bìng qiě 可以ㄎㄜˇ ㄧˇ kě yǐ 是ㄕˋ shì 有效ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ yǒu xiào 的ㄉㄜ˙ de
-- - 放寬ㄈㄤˋ ㄎㄨㄢ fàng kuān 監管ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ jiān guǎn 議程ㄧˋ ㄔㄥˊ yì chéng 是ㄕˋ shì 多個ㄉㄨㄛ ㄍㄜˋ duō gè 領域ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄩˋ lǐng yù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 廣泛ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄈㄢˋ guǎng fàn 行動ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ xíng dòng ，， ， 並非ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄟ bìng fēi 專門針ㄓㄨㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄓㄣ zhuān mén zhēn 對ㄉㄨㄟˋ duì 殘疾ㄘㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ cán jí 人士ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ rén shì 服務ㄈㄨˊ ㄨˋ fú wù
-- - 實施ㄕˊ ㄕ shí shī 後ㄏㄡˋ hòu ，， ， 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 合規率ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄩˋ hé guī lǜ 一直ㄧˋ ㄓˊ yì zhí 保持ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ bǎo chí 高位ㄍㄠ ㄨㄟˋ gāo wèi —— — —— — ACMAACMA ACMA 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 顯示ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ xiǎn shì 廣播ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄅㄛ guǎng bō 公司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ gōng sī 持續ㄔˊ ㄒㄩˋ chí xù 履行ㄌㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ lǚ xíng 義務ㄧˋ ㄨˋ yì wù [[ [ 1111 11 ]] ]

誤導

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該ㄍㄞ gāi 聲明ㄕㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ shēng míng 從ㄘㄨㄥˊ cóng 根本ㄍㄣ ㄅㄣˇ gēn běn 上ㄕㄤˋ shàng 歪曲ㄨㄞ ㄑㄩ wāi qū 了ㄌㄜ˙ le 立法ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ lì fǎ 變ㄅㄧㄢˋ biàn 更ㄍㄥˋ gèng 。。 。
The claim fundamentally misrepresents the legislative change.
 CoalitionCoalition Coalition 並未ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ bìng wèi 試圖ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˊ shì tú 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 上午ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ shàng wǔ 66 6 點至ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄓˋ diǎn zhì 午夜ㄨˇ ㄧㄝˋ wǔ yè 期間ㄑㄧ ㄐㄧㄢ qī jiān 提供ㄊㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄥ tí gōng 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 。。 。
The Coalition did NOT try to remove the requirement for captions from 6am to midnight.
 這項ㄓㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ zhè xiàng 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 保持ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ bǎo chí 不變ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ bù biàn 。。 。
That requirement remained intact.
 他們ㄊㄚ ㄇㄣ˙ tā men 提出ㄊㄧˊ ㄔㄨ tí chū （（ （ 並實施ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄕˊ ㄕ bìng shí shī ）） ） 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 是ㄕˋ shì 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 年度ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ nián dù 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú ，， ， 以基ㄧˇ ㄐㄧ yǐ jī 於ㄩˊ yú 投訴ㄊㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ tóu sù 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 系統ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ xì tǒng 取而代之ㄑㄩˇ ㄦˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄓ qǔ ér dài zhī 。。 。
What they proposed (and enacted) was removing the annual compliance reporting requirement, replacing it with a complaints-based system.
 雖然ㄙㄨㄟ ㄖㄢˊ suī rán 這ㄓㄜˋ zhè 引起ㄧㄣˇ ㄑㄧˇ yǐn qǐ 殘疾ㄘㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ cán jí 人士ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ rén shì 倡導者ㄔㄤˋ ㄉㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ chàng dǎo zhě 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 關切ㄍㄨㄢ ㄑㄧㄝˋ guān qiè ，， ， 但將ㄉㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄤ dàn jiāng 「「 「 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 合規ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄟ hé guī 報告ㄅㄠˋ ㄍㄠˋ bào gào 」」 」 與ㄩˇ yǔ 「「 「 取消ㄑㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄠ qǔ xiāo 字幕ㄗˋ ㄇㄨˋ zì mù 要求ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ yāo qiú 」」 」 混為ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄨㄟˋ hùn wèi 一談ㄧ ㄊㄢˊ yī tán 是ㄕˋ shì 重大ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄉㄚˋ zhòng dà 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 事實ㄕˋ ㄕˊ shì shí 扭曲ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩ niǔ qū ，， ， 所呈現ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ suǒ chéng xiàn 的ㄉㄜ˙ de 負面ㄈㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ fù miàn 形象ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ xíng xiàng 遠超ㄩㄢˇ ㄔㄠ yuǎn chāo 現實ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄕˊ xiàn shí 。。 。
While this was concerning to disability advocates, conflating "removing compliance reporting" with "removing captioning requirements" is a significant factual distortion that paints a more negative picture than reality.

📚 來源與引用 (11)

  1. 1
    abc.net.au

    abc.net.au

    Australia's deaf community is alarmed the Federal Government is considering a proposal to remove captioning requirements for television broadcasters.

    Abc Net
  2. 2
    PDF

    c02

    Aph Gov • PDF Document
  3. 3
    legislation.gov.au

    legislation.gov.au

    Federal Register of Legislation

  4. 4
    acma.gov.au

    acma.gov.au

    Acma Gov

  5. 5
    classic.austlii.edu.au

    classic.austlii.edu.au

    Classic Austlii Edu

  6. 6
    PDF

    captioning consultation paper

    Infrastructure Gov • PDF Document
  7. 7
    humanrights.gov.au

    humanrights.gov.au

    Humanrights Gov

  8. 8
    attitude.org.au

    attitude.org.au

    ‘Are you girls up for watching something on Netflix tonight?’ ‘Sure, dad, but only if we can have the subtitles on.’ ‘But it’s in English! Who uses subtitles when it’s your own language?’ ‘Who doesn’t??’ So went a recent conversations with my teenage daughters. Imagine my surprise when I discovered a friend in New York had had exactly the same conversation with his teenage daughters! It turns out that there’s a worldwide trend among Gen Z viewers to watch ALL streamed content with closed captions. But why? When I asked my daughters, they told me that they wanted to make sure not to miss anything being said. This notion being as foreign to me as it would be to most people my age, my continued incredulity earned me the in-vogue ‘Okay Boomer’ put down! But the realisation that this is a worldwide phenomenon led me to dig deeper to find out exactly what’s behind it. Closed captioning is a relatively recent development, dating back to the early 1970s, when Julia Child’s The French Chef made history as the first television program accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. Fast forward to 2006 when a UK study found that 7.5 million people in the UK (18% of the population) used closed captions. Of that 7.5 million, only 1.5 million were deaf or hard of hearing. Already 14 years ago, viewers were obviously using closed captions for reasons other than hearing loss. Fast forward again to 2019 when the following tweet by @deafgirly was retweeted more than 72,000 times, liked more than 76,000 times and quoted by almost 5000 people: ‘Subtitles aren't just for deaf people. Lots of my hearing friends use them, too. If you're hearing and find yourself using subtitles on Netflix and TV and would quite like them at the cinema, please retweet to help normalise their presence! Big thanks #DeafAwarenessWeek’ So what are the benefits of closed captions? First and foremost, of course, it’s about basic comprehension: it’s often difficult to catch what actors are saying if they’re mumbling in character, if they have an unfamiliar accent or there’s a lot of ambient sound – in an action movie for example. The quality of the sound may also not be great, particularly when viewing on flat-screen TVs or computers. But it’s also about comprehension on a deeper level. In 2015 Oregon State University in partnership with 3Play Media conducted a study across 15 institutions with a total of 2,839 respondents which showed that closed captions assist students in comprehension, retaining information and maintaining focus. It found that more than half of students use captions for comprehension, more than 60% of students with disabilities said captions were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ helpful to their learning, while almost 65% of students who ‘often’ or ‘always’ have trouble maintaining focus said captions were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ helpful to their learning. The most common reason, however, students use captions was to help them focus, which benefits the whopping 75% of respondents who reported that they struggle with paying attention in class. It’s no surprise then that 87% of educational institutions add closed captions to at least some video, that 98.6% of students find captions helpful, and 71% of students without hearing difficulties use captions at least some of the time. And then there’s multitasking: members of Gen Z may be using up to five screens at a time: a laptop for homework, a tablet to video chat with a friend, a phone to text or check social media, a smartwatch to track steps, and the TV to watch Netflix. The speed with which this new generation can flip between texts, emails, phone calls, and social media is astounding. The benefits of closed captions don’t start and end with Gen Z either. The 2016 census revealed that 3.5% of Australia’s population – that’s 820,000 people – self-report as speaking English ‘not well’ or ‘not at all’. Closed captions can help this cohort not only to understand what’s being said, but also to improve their proficiency in English. In fact, everyone benefits from closed captioned content: people are watching more and more content in public on their smartphones or tablets and rely on on captions to engage with the content without disturbing others. For the same reason, captions are commonly used on televisions in public spaces such as gyms, doctor’s surgeries and airports. It’s no surprise then that the majority of respondents to a survey conducted by 3Play Media over the last four years anticipate needing ‘more’ or ‘significantly more’ captioning services while almost none see their needs decreasing. And the benefits don’t all flow one way. Googlebots and search engines can’t see video or listen to audio, but they can read captions and transcripts, so adding these features helps video content rank higher in search results. As a result, companies posting video content add closed captions as a means of search engine optimisation (SEO) and boosting traffic to their site. But what of the original target demographic: the estimated 285 million people globally who are vision-impaired, of whom 39 million are blind? The Attitude Foundation commissioned some research to find the answer to this question in the Australian context. How well are the estimated 450,000 Australians who are deaf or hearing-impaired being served? The Australian media landscape was fundamentally transformed by the 2015 entry of subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) services to compete with traditional broadcast TV, broadcaster video-on-demand (BVoD) and ad-supported video-on-demand (AVoD) services. AVoD, BVoD and SVoD have overtaken traditional broadcast media in the popularity over the past five years thanks to their growing affordability, quality of content and, particularly, convenience. This has been facilitated by an enormous increase in the number of Internet-capable screens in Australian households – not only TVs but also computers, smartphones and tablets. Unsurprisingly, Netflix is the most popular service, with 12.5 million subscribers –almost half of the Australian population – followed by Stan with 3.7 million, Disney Plus with 2 million, Amazon Prime with 1.6 million and YouTube Premium with 1.4 million, with with Foxtel Australia’s combined PayTV services garnering 4.8 million subscribers. But, incredibly, none of the 10 or so SVoD services currently available in Australia was launched with an accessibility policy and consequently Australians with disabilities still face significant barriers in accessing VoD. Nonetheless, Netflix is the indisputable leader in the provision of accessible screen media content. Netflix has provided closed captioning on 100% of its programming since 2014, largely as a result of litigation under the Americans with Disabilities Act. From its launch in Australia in 2015, it was possible to watch every available program on Netflix with closed captioning. It’s now even possible to change the appearance of closed captions and subtitles, including adjusting font, text size, shadow and background colour. It’s no wonder that Netflix has been described by one commentator as ‘a deaf person’s utopia’. ABC’s iView, launched in 2008, is the most accessible BVoD provider in Australia: at the time of writing, there were 915 programs available on the platform, of which 620 had closed captioning available. In addition to its wide range of closed-captioned content, iView also clearly signposts content available with closed captions via a dedicated program menu. The Seven Network’s 7Plus was the first commercial BVoD service in Australia to provide closed captioning when it launched in April 2014. It currently provides closed captions for about a third of its catalogue of 13,004 programs. However, the information available for consumers regarding which programs are captioned is woefully inadequate. Unlike ABC iView, 7Plus doesn’t have a filtering option for closed-captioned content. Instead, viewers have to select individual programs to find out about accessibility options. This lack of clear signposting of captioned content shows not only a shameful disregard for the needs of the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities, but also a blindness to the emerging preferences of Gen Z. From a legislative standpoint, it was only in 2012 that amendments to the Australian Broadcasting Act required Australian broadcasters to caption television programs aired on their primary channel between 6am and midnight – and they were given a generous three years to achieve this. But these regulations don’t extend to the multi-channels offered by free-to-air broadcasters. Programs broadcast on a free-to-air multi-channel require captions only if the program has already been broadcast with captions on the main channel. Even worse, the regulations don’t extend to SVoD or BVoD services, regardless of whether a program has previously been broadcast with captions. It’s clear that with the rapid developments in technology and media formats, legislation is not keeping pace. This leaves commercial broadcasters, in particular, free to avoid the ‘additional expense’ of providing captioned content. The other, related accessibility feature that can greatly enhance the viewing experience of dramas and documentaries for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities is audio description (AD), which describes important on-screen visual elements. Australia remains the only English-speaking nation in the OECD that doesn’t offer widespread AD content on broadcast television. It is only in mid-2020 that the ABC and SBS have begun to offer AD following a funding package from the federal government – testimony to the fact that government support is essential to the provision of accessible services. Even so, as of June 2020, both ABC and SBS are now providing only up to 14 hours per week of AD programming, and there is still little to no extension of this to their BVoD services. It goes without saying that Australia’s commercial broadcaster BVoD services have shown no interest in providing such a service. In contrast, AD was made available to customers of Netflix one month after the service launched locally, marking the first time Australian audiences had access to a reliable and consistent AD service. What’s more, the Netflix website makes it relatively straightforward to navigate to a large catalogue of AD programming, which allows further filtering for genre categories. Together with its comprehensive closed captioning and its compatibility with accessibility devices such as screen readers, voice-command software and assisted-listening systems, Netflix’s accessibility vastly outperforms other SVoD, BVoD and AVoD services currently available in Australia. It wouldn’t be hard for Australia to do better, but it will require buy-in from a wide range of stakeholders. Content creators need to be more proactive in producing content that is easily accessible to all. This will only be achieved by considering accessibility from the outset rather than as an afterthought, which makes it technically difficult and prohibitively expensive. Distributors – broadcast TV, SVoD, BVoD, AVoD – need to publicise available accessibility features and make them more prominent, searchable and filterable. Federal government needs to work with all stakeholders to develop forward-looking strategies, then enact legislation that will improve accessibility and provide a clear framework for future media production. Government funding and incentives at both federal and state levels would boost accessibility in both the production and distribution of screen media, as shown in the recent introduction of AD to ABC and SBS. Disability community and advocacy groups, and Australians with disability should be central stakeholders. The inclusion of these stakeholders is essential in creating content, legislation, funding and information to improve access to the screen media content across various platforms. Unfortunately, this is not something that these groups can effect without the support of other key stakeholders. In an ideal world, there should be a regularly updated chart of all screen media services that clearly details the accessibility tools available on each service and the percentage of content available using features that are indispensable to hundreds of thousands of Australians and reflect the strong preferences of the next generation of viewers. This level of transparency would not only immediately benefit people with access needs, it would also provide an impetus to improve the variety and quality of available tools, as well as the amount of content covered by them. The disability communities can agitate about the ‘right’ thing to do, pointing to the UNCRPD, the Australians with Disabilities Act and rulings from the Human Rights Commission. But, as is often the case, the impetus for change is more likely to result from market forces: there would be public outcry from the vast majority of Netflix-bingeing young viewers if programmes were not provided with closed captioning! As commercial broadcasters catch on to this, change will come quickly, not only to AVoD, BVoD and SVoD services, but also to live broadcasting. - Martin Heng, Chair of IDEAS Disability Information; member of VDAC. 1 - https://www.3playmedia.com/accessibility-online-video-stats/ 2 - https://www.3playmedia.com/2019/04/16/online-video-trends-captioning-needs-expected-to-increase/ 3 - adefinty2 (2015) ‘Captioning – A History. The Rebuttal’, https://therebuttal2.com/2015/03/27/captioning-a-history/

    Attitude Org
  9. 9
    PDF

    2016 0006 SUB FINAL Captioning regulatory framework 1

    Freetv Com • PDF Document
  10. 10
    PDF

    d01

    Aph Gov • PDF Document
  11. 11
    mediaaccess.org.au

    mediaaccess.org.au

    Media Access Australia provide services, training and solutions for web and digital accessibility. We consult on digital access projects for businesses, Government and NFPs.

    Mediaaccess Org

評分量表方法論

1-3: 虛假

事實不正確或惡意捏造。

4-6: 部分

有部分真實性，但缺乏或扭曲了背景。

7-9: 大致屬實

微小的技術性問題或措辭問題。

10: 準確

完美驗證且在情境上公正。

方法論: 評分通過交叉比對官方政府記錄、獨立事實查核組織和原始來源文件來確定。

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