C0158
主張
“Introduced protections for company executives who trade while insolvent during the pandemic. This is only for cases where the debts are incurred 'the ordinary course of business'. Those who try to adapt to the challenging circumstances will not be exempt. In this way the government is incentivising executives to not adapt to the unique circumstances. ---”
原始來源： Matthew Davis
分析日期： 29 Jan 2026
原始來源
✅ 事實查核
### ### The The Protection Protection Actually Actually Introduced Introduced
### The Protection Actually Introduced
The The Coalition Coalition government government did did introduce introduce temporary temporary protection protection for for company company directors directors regarding regarding insolvent insolvent trading trading during during COVID COVID - - 19 19 . . This This protection protection was was embedded embedded in in the the * * * * Coronavirus Coronavirus Economic Economic Response Response Package Package Omnibus Omnibus Act Act 2020 2020 ( ( CERP CERP ) ) * * * * , , which which inserted inserted Section Section 588GAAA 588GAAA into into the the Corporations Corporations Act Act 2001 2001 , , titled titled " " Safe Safe harbour harbour — — temporary temporary relief relief in in response response to to the the coronavirus coronavirus " " [ [ 1 1 ] ] . . The Coalition government did introduce temporary protection for company directors regarding insolvent trading during COVID-19.
* * * * Key Key dates dates : : * * * * This protection was embedded in the **Coronavirus Economic Response Package Omnibus Act 2020 (CERP)**, which inserted Section 588GAAA into the Corporations Act 2001, titled "Safe harbour—temporary relief in response to the coronavirus" [1].
**Key dates:**
- **22 March 2020:** Federal Government announced temporary relief measures
- **23 March 2020:** Federal Parliament rapidly passed the CERP Bill (bipartisan support)
- **25 March 2020:** Provisions commenced
- **31 December 2020:** Protection period ended (extended from initial 6-month timeframe)
- - * * * * 22 22 March March 2020 2020 : : * * * * Federal Federal Government Government announced announced temporary temporary relief relief measures measures ### The Ordinary Course of Business Limitation - Fact Check
- - * * * * 23 23 March March 2020 2020 : : * * * * Federal Federal Parliament Parliament rapidly rapidly passed passed the the CERP CERP Bill Bill ( ( bipartisan bipartisan support support ) ) The claim's core assertion is **TRUE**: Directors were protected from personal liability for insolvent trading **only when debts were incurred "in the ordinary course of business"** during the protection period [2].
- - * * * * 25 25 March March 2020 2020 : : * * * * Provisions Provisions commenced commenced However, the claim's interpretation of what this means is **FACTUALLY INCORRECT AND MISLEADING**.
- - * * * * 31 31 December December 2020 2020 : : * * * * Protection Protection period period ended ended ( ( extended extended from from initial initial 6 6 - - month month timeframe timeframe ) ) According to the Treasury Fact Sheet and ASIC guidance, "ordinary course of business" includes [3]:
- Continuing to pay employees
- Modifying operations to adapt to circumstances
- Taking out loans to maintain business continuity
- Keeping the business operating during economic disruption
The "ordinary course" explicitly **INCLUDES** adaptive measures taken by executives trying to respond to challenging circumstances [4].
### ### The The Ordinary Ordinary Course Course of of Business Business Limitation Limitation - - Fact Fact Check Check The protection applies to normal operational decisions made to keep the business afloat—which by definition includes adaptation to COVID-19.
The The claim claim ' ' s s core core assertion assertion is is * * * * TRUE TRUE * * * * : : Directors Directors were were protected protected from from personal personal liability liability for for insolvent insolvent trading trading * * * * only only when when debts debts were were incurred incurred " " in in the the ordinary ordinary course course of of business business " " * * * * during during the the protection protection period period [ [ 2 2 ] ] . . ### The Actual Limitation: Restructuring
However However , , the the claim claim ' ' s s interpretation interpretation of of what what this this means means is is * * * * FACTUALLY FACTUALLY INCORRECT INCORRECT AND AND MISLEADING MISLEADING * * * * . . The Norton Rose Fulbright source (the claim's own cited source) clarifies the actual limitation: **major restructuring activities fall outside the safe harbour** [5].
According According to to the the Treasury Treasury Fact Fact Sheet Sheet and and ASIC ASIC guidance guidance , , " " ordinary ordinary course course of of business business " " includes includes [ [ 3 3 ] ] : : According to the article: "Any transactions outside the ordinary course will also be outside this particular safe harbour.
- - Continuing Continuing to to pay pay employees employees Almost by definition, major restructuring transactions may well be out of the ordinary course."
This means:
- **Protected**: Day-to-day operations and adaptive measures to keep business running
- **NOT Protected**: Major restructuring, asset sales, capital restructuring, or strategic pivots outside normal operations
This is the **opposite** of what the claim suggests.
- - Modifying Modifying operations operations to to adapt adapt to to circumstances circumstances The safe harbour doesn't discourage adaptation—it encourages normal operational response while requiring directors to pursue formal administration/restructuring for major changes [6].
- - Taking Taking out out loans loans to to maintain maintain business business continuity continuity ### Comparative: Labor Government Actions
- - Keeping Keeping the the business business operating operating during during economic economic disruption disruption No searches found evidence that the Labor government introduced comparable blanket insolvent trading relief during their 2007-2013 terms or in opposition.
The The " " ordinary ordinary course course " " explicitly explicitly * * * * INCLUDES INCLUDES * * * * adaptive adaptive measures measures taken taken by by executives executives trying trying to to respond respond to to challenging challenging circumstances circumstances [ [ 4 4 ] ] . . The The protection protection applies applies to to normal normal operational operational decisions decisions made made to to keep keep the the business business afloat afloat — — which which by by definition definition includes includes adaptation adaptation to to COVID COVID - - 19 19 . . However, it's important to note that Labor **supported this COVID-19 measure** as a bipartisan economic response [7].
### ### The The Actual Actual Limitation Limitation : : Restructuring Restructuring The legislation passed with cross-party support, indicating neither party viewed it as inherently problematic at the time.
---
The The Norton Norton Rose Rose Fulbright Fulbright source source ( ( the the claim claim ' ' s s own own cited cited source source ) ) clarifies clarifies the the actual actual limitation limitation : : * * * * major major restructuring restructuring activities activities fall fall outside outside the the safe safe harbour harbour * * * * [ [ 5 5 ] ] . . According According to to the the article article : : " " Any Any transactions transactions outside outside the the ordinary ordinary course course will will also also be be outside outside this this particular particular safe safe harbour harbour . . Almost Almost by by definition definition , , major major restructuring restructuring transactions transactions may may well well be be out out of of the the ordinary ordinary course course . . " " This This means means : : - - * * * * Protected Protected * * * * : : Day Day - - to to - - day day operations operations and and adaptive adaptive measures measures to to keep keep business business running running - - * * * * NOT NOT Protected Protected * * * * : : Major Major restructuring restructuring , , asset asset sales sales , , capital capital restructuring restructuring , , or or strategic strategic pivots pivots outside outside normal normal operations operations This This is is the the * * * * opposite opposite * * * * of of what what the the claim claim suggests suggests . . The The safe safe harbour harbour doesn doesn ' ' t t discourage discourage adaptation adaptation — — it it encourages encourages normal normal operational operational response response while while requiring requiring directors directors to to pursue pursue formal formal administration administration / / restructuring restructuring for for major major changes changes [ [ 6 6 ] ] . . ### ### Comparative Comparative : : Labor Labor Government Government Actions Actions No No searches searches found found evidence evidence that that the the Labor Labor government government introduced introduced comparable comparable blanket blanket insolvent insolvent trading trading relief relief during during their their 2007 2007 - - 2013 2013 terms terms or or in in opposition opposition . . However However , , it it ' ' s s important important to to note note that that Labor Labor * * * * supported supported this this COVID COVID - - 19 19 measure measure * * * * as as a a bipartisan bipartisan economic economic response response [ [ 7 7 ] ] . . The The legislation legislation passed passed with with cross cross - - party party support support , , indicating indicating neither neither party party viewed viewed it it as as inherently inherently problematic problematic at at the the time time . . --- --- 缺失的脈絡
The The claim claim is is missing missing several several critical critical contextual contextual elements elements : :
The claim is missing several critical contextual elements:
### ### 1 1 . . * * * * The The Purpose Purpose of of the the Relief Relief * * * * ### 1. **The Purpose of the Relief**
The The safe safe harbour harbour wasn wasn ' ' t t designed designed as as a a blank blank check check for for insolvent insolvent trading trading . . Rather Rather , , it it recognized recognized that that during during the the pandemic pandemic , , many many solvent solvent businesses businesses were were facing facing temporary temporary insolvency insolvency due due to to government government lockdowns lockdowns and and revenue revenue disruption disruption beyond beyond their their control control [ [ 8 8 ] ] . . The The protection protection allowed allowed directors directors to to : : The safe harbour wasn't designed as a blank check for insolvent trading.
- - Make Make operational operational decisions decisions to to keep keep businesses businesses running running Rather, it recognized that during the pandemic, many solvent businesses were facing temporary insolvency due to government lockdowns and revenue disruption beyond their control [8].
- - Avoid Avoid personal personal bankruptcy bankruptcy for for decisions decisions made made in in good good faith faith during during extraordinary extraordinary circumstances circumstances The protection allowed directors to:
- Make operational decisions to keep businesses running
- Avoid personal bankruptcy for decisions made in good faith during extraordinary circumstances
- Focus on business continuity rather than defensive legal positions
- - Focus Focus on on business business continuity continuity rather rather than than defensive defensive legal legal positions positions ### 2. **Expert Concerns Were Legitimate, But Different**
### ### 2 2 . . * * * * Expert Expert Concerns Concerns Were Were Legitimate Legitimate , , But But Different Different * * * * Expert and credit industry bodies (AICM, creditor associations) did raise concerns about the safe harbour—but their concerns contradicted the claim's assertion [9].
Expert Expert and and credit credit industry industry bodies bodies ( ( AICM AICM , , creditor creditor associations associations ) ) did did raise raise concerns concerns about about the the safe safe harbour harbour — — but but their their concerns concerns contradicted contradicted the the claim claim ' ' s s assertion assertion [ [ 9 9 ] ] . . They They worried worried : : They worried:
- The protection was **too broad**, not too narrow
- It **encouraged insolvent trading**, not discouraged adaptation
- Directors had insufficient incentive to seek early administration
This is exactly opposite to the claim's concern [10].
- - The The protection protection was was * * * * too too broad broad * * * * , , not not too too narrow narrow ### 3. **The Protection Was Temporary, Not Permanent Policy**
- - It It * * * * encouraged encouraged insolvent insolvent trading trading * * * * , , not not discouraged discouraged adaptation adaptation This wasn't permanent policy.
- - Directors Directors had had insufficient insufficient incentive incentive to to seek seek early early administration administration The protection expired on 31 December 2020, with all temporary restructuring relief ending 31 March 2021 [11].
This This is is exactly exactly opposite opposite to to the the claim claim ' ' s s concern concern [ [ 10 10 ] ] . . It was explicitly emergency pandemic relief, not a new permanent regime for executive protection.
### ### 3 3 . . * * * * The The Protection Protection Was Was Temporary Temporary , , Not Not Permanent Permanent Policy Policy * * * * ### 4. **Major Restructuring Always Remained Director Responsibility**
This This wasn wasn ' ' t t permanent permanent policy policy . . The The protection protection expired expired on on 31 31 December December 2020 2020 , , with with all all temporary temporary restructuring restructuring relief relief ending ending 31 31 March March 2021 2021 [ [ 11 11 ] ] . . It It was was explicitly explicitly emergency emergency pandemic pandemic relief relief , , not not a a new new permanent permanent regime regime for for executive executive protection protection . . Directors couldn't hide behind the safe harbour for major strategic decisions.
### ### 4 4 . . * * * * Major Major Restructuring Restructuring Always Always Remained Remained Director Director Responsibility Responsibility * * * * They still had full liability for:
- Asset write-downs
- Major restructuring
- Unusual transactions
- Decisions materially outside normal business operations
This directly contradicts the claim's framing that "those who try to adapt... will not be exempt" [12].
---
Directors Directors couldn couldn ' ' t t hide hide behind behind the the safe safe harbour harbour for for major major strategic strategic decisions decisions . . They They still still had had full full liability liability for for : : - - Asset Asset write write - - downs downs - - Major Major restructuring restructuring - - Unusual Unusual transactions transactions - - Decisions Decisions materially materially outside outside normal normal business business operations operations This This directly directly contradicts contradicts the the claim claim ' ' s s framing framing that that " " those those who who try try to to adapt adapt ... ... will will not not be be exempt exempt " " [ [ 12 12 ] ] . . --- --- 來源可信度評估
### ### The The Provided Provided Source Source
### The Provided Source
* * * * Norton Norton Rose Rose Fulbright Fulbright * * * * is is one one of of the the world world ' ' s s largest largest international international law law firms firms with with a a substantial substantial Australian Australian corporate corporate practice practice [ [ 13 13 ] ] . . This This is is a a * * * * mainstream mainstream , , highly highly credible credible legal legal source source * * * * with with no no apparent apparent political political bias bias . . The The article article provides provides balanced balanced legal legal analysis analysis of of directors directors ' ' duties duties during during COVID COVID - - 19 19 . . **Norton Rose Fulbright** is one of the world's largest international law firms with a substantial Australian corporate practice [13].
* * * * Critical Critical Finding Finding About About Source Source Use Use : : * * * * The The claim claim * * * * misrepresents misrepresents or or mischaracterizes mischaracterizes * * * * the the Norton Norton Rose Rose Fulbright Fulbright article article . . The The article article does does not not support support the the claim claim ' ' s s central central assertion assertion that that the the safe safe harbour harbour discourages discourages adaptation adaptation . . In In fact fact , , the the article article identifies identifies restructuring restructuring as as the the pathway pathway for for directors directors who who want want to to pursue pursue more more aggressive aggressive strategic strategic changes changes [ [ 14 14 ] ] . . This is a **mainstream, highly credible legal source** with no apparent political bias.
### ### The The Claim Claim ' ' s s Internal Internal Logic Logic Issue Issue The article provides balanced legal analysis of directors' duties during COVID-19.
**Critical Finding About Source Use:** The claim **misrepresents or mischaracterizes** the Norton Rose Fulbright article.
The The claim claim itself itself contains contains a a logical logical problem problem . . It It states states : : The article does not support the claim's central assertion that the safe harbour discourages adaptation.
- - " " This This is is only only for for cases cases where where debts debts are are incurred incurred in in the the ordinary ordinary course course of of business business " " ✓ ✓ TRUE TRUE In fact, the article identifies restructuring as the pathway for directors who want to pursue more aggressive strategic changes [14].
- - " " Those Those who who try try to to adapt adapt will will not not be be exempt exempt " " ✗ ✗ FALSE FALSE ( ( Adaptation Adaptation to to keep keep the the business business running running IS IS " " ordinary ordinary course course " " ) ) ### The Claim's Internal Logic Issue
- - " " Therefore Therefore it it incentivizes incentivizes NOT NOT adapting adapting " " ✗ ✗ LOGICAL LOGICAL FALLACY FALLACY ( ( The The protection protection actually actually enables enables adaptation adaptation ) ) The claim itself contains a logical problem.
The The claim claim confuses confuses " " ordinary ordinary course course " " with with " " no no change change at at all all , , " " which which is is factually factually incorrect incorrect [ [ 15 15 ] ] . . It states:
- "This is only for cases where debts are incurred in the ordinary course of business" ✓ TRUE
- "Those who try to adapt will not be exempt" ✗ FALSE (Adaptation to keep the business running IS "ordinary course")
- "Therefore it incentivizes NOT adapting" ✗ LOGICAL FALLACY (The protection actually enables adaptation)
The claim confuses "ordinary course" with "no change at all," which is factually incorrect [15].
---
--- --- 🌐
平衡觀點
### ### What What the the Coalition Coalition Actually Actually Did Did ( ( With With Context Context ) )
### What the Coalition Actually Did (With Context)
The The Coalition Coalition introduced introduced temporary temporary , , narrowly narrowly - - tailored tailored relief relief from from personal personal insolvent insolvent trading trading liability liability during during an an unprecedented unprecedented economic economic crisis crisis [ [ 16 16 ] ] . . This This was was : : The Coalition introduced temporary, narrowly-tailored relief from personal insolvent trading liability during an unprecedented economic crisis [16].
* * * * Legitimate Legitimate aspects aspects : : * * * * This was:
**Legitimate aspects:**
- A recognized crisis response that was bipartisan
- Limited to temporary period (March-December 2020)
- Explicitly limited to ordinary course operations
- Did not prevent directors from pursuing restructuring
**Debatable aspects:**
- Some credit industry bodies argued it went too far in encouraging continued operations rather than early restructuring
- Academic analysis questioned whether the "ordinary course" concept was clear enough in practice
- Concerns that SMEs didn't always understand the limitation [17]
- - A A recognized recognized crisis crisis response response that that was was bipartisan bipartisan ### Did Labor Oppose This?
- - Limited Limited to to temporary temporary period period ( ( March March - - December December 2020 2020 ) ) No.
- - Explicitly Explicitly limited limited to to ordinary ordinary course course operations operations There is no evidence in parliamentary records or news coverage that Labor opposed this measure.
- - Did Did not not prevent prevent directors directors from from pursuing pursuing restructuring restructuring It was characterized as an emergency economic response with cross-party support [18].
* * * * Debatable Debatable aspects aspects : : * * * * ### The Real Tension Addressed by This Protection
- - Some Some credit credit industry industry bodies bodies argued argued it it went went too too far far in in encouraging encouraging continued continued operations operations rather rather than than early early restructuring restructuring The protection addressed a real dilemma: Directors in solvent businesses facing temporary revenue loss due to government lockdowns faced personal bankruptcy risk if they incurred necessary debts to keep operations running.
- - Academic Academic analysis analysis questioned questioned whether whether the the " " ordinary ordinary course course " " concept concept was was clear clear enough enough in in practice practice The safe harbour said: "If you're running a solvent business that faces temporary pandemic disruption, you can make operational decisions without personal bankruptcy risk for debts incurred in normal operations."
This isn't about avoiding accountability.
- - Concerns Concerns that that SMEs SMEs didn didn ' ' t t always always understand understand the the limitation limitation [ [ 17 17 ] ] Directors still faced liability for:
- Fraud or dishonesty
- Reckless management
- Restructuring decisions outside ordinary course
- Decisions made with knowledge the company couldn't pay debts [19]
### ### Did Did Labor Labor Oppose Oppose This This ? ? ### The Adaptation Question
No No . . There There is is no no evidence evidence in in parliamentary parliamentary records records or or news news coverage coverage that that Labor Labor opposed opposed this this measure measure . . It It was was characterized characterized as as an an emergency emergency economic economic response response with with cross cross - - party party support support [ [ 18 18 ] ] . . The claim's central point—that this discourages adaptation—is **factually backwards**.
### ### The The Real Real Tension Tension Addressed Addressed by by This This Protection Protection The safe harbour actually **enables adaptation** by allowing directors to:
- Pivot operations (e.g., shift to online sales)
- Invest in new equipment or capabilities
- Borrow to maintain payroll during reduced revenue
- Maintain business continuity during lockdowns
All of these are "ordinary course" adaptive measures [20].
The The protection protection addressed addressed a a real real dilemma dilemma : : Directors Directors in in solvent solvent businesses businesses facing facing temporary temporary revenue revenue loss loss due due to to government government lockdowns lockdowns faced faced personal personal bankruptcy bankruptcy risk risk if if they they incurred incurred necessary necessary debts debts to to keep keep operations operations running running . . The The safe safe harbour harbour said said : : " " If If you you ' ' re re running running a a solvent solvent business business that that faces faces temporary temporary pandemic pandemic disruption disruption , , you you can can make make operational operational decisions decisions without without personal personal bankruptcy bankruptcy risk risk for for debts debts incurred incurred in in normal normal operations operations . . " " For directors wanting to pursue more aggressive strategies (asset sales, merger/restructuring, debt-for-equity swaps), the safe harbour didn't apply—they had other mechanisms through formal administration [21].
---
This This isn isn ' ' t t about about avoiding avoiding accountability accountability . . Directors Directors still still faced faced liability liability for for : : - - Fraud Fraud or or dishonesty dishonesty - - Reckless Reckless management management - - Restructuring Restructuring decisions decisions outside outside ordinary ordinary course course - - Decisions Decisions made made with with knowledge knowledge the the company company couldn couldn ' ' t t pay pay debts debts [ [ 19 19 ] ] ### ### The The Adaptation Adaptation Question Question The The claim claim ' ' s s central central point point — — that that this this discourages discourages adaptation adaptation — — is is * * * * factually factually backwards backwards * * * * . . The The safe safe harbour harbour actually actually * * * * enables enables adaptation adaptation * * * * by by allowing allowing directors directors to to : : - - Pivot Pivot operations operations ( ( e e . . g g . . , , shift shift to to online online sales sales ) ) - - Invest Invest in in new new equipment equipment or or capabilities capabilities - - Borrow Borrow to to maintain maintain payroll payroll during during reduced reduced revenue revenue - - Maintain Maintain business business continuity continuity during during lockdowns lockdowns All All of of these these are are " " ordinary ordinary course course " " adaptive adaptive measures measures [ [ 20 20 ] ] . . For For directors directors wanting wanting to to pursue pursue more more aggressive aggressive strategies strategies ( ( asset asset sales sales , , merger merger / / restructuring restructuring , , debt debt - - for for - - equity equity swaps swaps ) ) , , the the safe safe harbour harbour didn didn ' ' t t apply apply — — they they had had other other mechanisms mechanisms through through formal formal administration administration [ [ 21 21 ] ] . . --- --- 誤導
3.0
/ 10
The The claim claim contains contains a a fundamental fundamental factual factual error error about about what what the the ordinary ordinary course course protection protection covers covers . . It It claims claims the the protection protection discourages discourages adaptation adaptation , , when when in in fact fact adaptation adaptation to to maintain maintain business business operations operations is is explicitly explicitly part part of of the the " " ordinary ordinary course course of of business business " " that that receives receives protection protection [ [ 1 1 - - 21 21 ] ] . .
The claim contains a fundamental factual error about what the ordinary course protection covers.
The The claim claim misrepresents misrepresents its its own own cited cited source source ( ( Norton Norton Rose Rose Fulbright Fulbright ) ) , , which which clearly clearly states states that that restructuring restructuring falls falls outside outside the the safe safe harbour harbour and and describes describes how how administration administration can can facilitate facilitate strategic strategic changes changes [ [ 5 5 ] ] . . It claims the protection discourages adaptation, when in fact adaptation to maintain business operations is explicitly part of the "ordinary course of business" that receives protection [1-21].
--- --- The claim misrepresents its own cited source (Norton Rose Fulbright), which clearly states that restructuring falls outside the safe harbour and describes how administration can facilitate strategic changes [5].
---
最終分數
3.0
/ 10
誤導
The The claim claim contains contains a a fundamental fundamental factual factual error error about about what what the the ordinary ordinary course course protection protection covers covers . . It It claims claims the the protection protection discourages discourages adaptation adaptation , , when when in in fact fact adaptation adaptation to to maintain maintain business business operations operations is is explicitly explicitly part part of of the the " " ordinary ordinary course course of of business business " " that that receives receives protection protection [ [ 1 1 - - 21 21 ] ] . .
The claim contains a fundamental factual error about what the ordinary course protection covers.
The The claim claim misrepresents misrepresents its its own own cited cited source source ( ( Norton Norton Rose Rose Fulbright Fulbright ) ) , , which which clearly clearly states states that that restructuring restructuring falls falls outside outside the the safe safe harbour harbour and and describes describes how how administration administration can can facilitate facilitate strategic strategic changes changes [ [ 5 5 ] ] . . It claims the protection discourages adaptation, when in fact adaptation to maintain business operations is explicitly part of the "ordinary course of business" that receives protection [1-21].
--- --- The claim misrepresents its own cited source (Norton Rose Fulbright), which clearly states that restructuring falls outside the safe harbour and describes how administration can facilitate strategic changes [5].
---
📚 來源與引用 (16)
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1
austlii.edu.au
Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII), a joint facility of UTS and UNSW Faculties of Law.
SECT 588GAAA Safe harbour--temporary relief in response to the coronavirus -
2PDF
Fact sheet Providing temporary relief for financially distressed businesses
Treasury Gov • PDF Document -
3
asic.gov.au
Fair, strong and efficient financial system for all Australians.
Asic Gov -
4
asic.gov.au
Fair, strong and efficient financial system for all Australians.
Asic Gov -
5
nortonrosefulbright.com
The increasing pressure directors now face to ensure they don’t allow a company to trade-while-insolvent is high among the many severe impacts on Australian businesses of the COVID-19 crisis.
Nortonrosefulbright -
6
lexology.com
The Australian Government has announced that the operation of temporary COVID-19 relief measures for businesses in the hope of aiding distressed…
Lexology -
7
parlinfo.aph.gov.au
Parlinfo Aph Gov
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8PDF
p2022 p258663 final report
Treasury Gov • PDF Document -
9
aicm.com.au
October -
10
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
This article considers relief from directors' duties to avoid trading whilst insolvent during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia and Germany. Comparative insolvency law literature traditionally compares Australia to jurisdictions such as the United ...
PubMed Central (PMC) -
11
aph.gov.au
Research
Aph Gov -
12
allens.com.au
The COVID Safe Harbour will provide useful immediate relief for companies and their directors, particularly those who need time to assess the company's position before developing a turnaround plan or pursuing an insolvency administration if that becomes necessary.
Allens Com -
13
nortonrosefulbright.com
Norton Rose Fulbright is a global law firm. We provide the world’s pre-eminent corporations and financial institutions with a full business law service.
Nortonrosefulbright -
14
austlii.edu.au
Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII), a joint facility of UTS and UNSW Faculties of Law.
SECT 588G Director's duty to prevent insolvent trading by company -
15
mondaq.com
There is no retrospective relief for a company director's liability for insolvent trading, after the extension expires.
Mondaq -
16PDF
toc em
Parlinfo Aph Gov • PDF Document
評分量表方法論
1-3: 虛假
事實不正確或惡意捏造。
4-6: 部分
有部分真實性，但缺乏或扭曲了背景。
7-9: 大致屬實
微小的技術性問題或措辭問題。
10: 準確
完美驗證且在情境上公正。
方法論: 評分通過交叉比對官方政府記錄、獨立事實查核組織和原始來源文件來確定。