部分属实

评分: 6.0/10

Coalition
C0878

声明内容

“使用可能是枪杀他的警卫看守一名死去寻求庇护者的遗体。这些警卫还没收了现场一名记者的相机,并删除了他所有的照片。”
原始来源: Matthew Davis

原始来源

✅ 事实核查

根据gēn jù gēn jù 多个duō gè duō gè 权威quán wēi quán wēi 来源lái yuán lái yuán ,, , 该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 的de de 核心hé xīn hé xīn 元素yuán sù yuán sù 在zài zài 事实上shì shí shàng shì shí shàng 是shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 的de de 。。 。
The core elements of this claim are factually accurate based on multiple authoritative sources.
RezaReza Reza BaratiBarati Barati ,, , 一名yī míng yī míng 2323 23 岁suì suì 的de de 伊朗yī lǎng yī lǎng 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě ,, , 于yú yú 20142014 2014 年nián nián 22 2 月yuè yuè 1717 17 日rì rì 在zài zài 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 区域qū yù qū yù 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 中心zhōng xīn zhōng xīn 发生fā shēng fā shēng 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 期间qī jiān qī jiān 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
Reza Barati, a 23-year-old Iranian asylum seeker, was killed during riots at the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre on February 17, 2014 [1][2].
在zài zài 他tā tā 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 后hòu hòu ,, , G4SG4S G4S 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 人员rén yuán rén yuán —— — —— — 即jí jí 负责fù zé fù zé 该gāi gāi 拘留jū liú jū liú 中心zhōng xīn zhōng xīn (( ( 致命zhì mìng zhì mìng 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 发生地fā shēng dì fā shēng dì )) ) 的de de 同tóng tóng 一家yī jiā yī jiā 私人sī rén sī rén 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 公司gōng sī gōng sī 的de de 员工yuán gōng yuán gōng —— — —— — 确实què shí què shí 被bèi bèi 派驻在pài zhù zài pài zhù zài 医院yī yuàn yī yuàn 太平间tài píng jiān tài píng jiān 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu BaratiBarati Barati 的de de 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
Following his death, G4S security guards—the same private security company responsible for the detention center where the fatal incident occurred—were indeed stationed at the hospital morgue guarding Barati's body [3].
当dāng dāng FairfaxFairfax Fairfax MediaMedia Media 记者jì zhě jì zhě (( ( 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 摄影师shè yǐng shī shè yǐng shī NickNick Nick MoirMoir Moir )) ) 前往qián wǎng qián wǎng 医院yī yuàn yī yuàn 查看chá kàn chá kàn BaratiBarati Barati 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ 的de de 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 程序chéng xù chéng xù 时shí shí ,, , 他们tā men tā men 遇到yù dào yù dào 了le le G4SG4S G4S 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi ,, , 后者hòu zhě hòu zhě 拒绝jù jué jù jué 他们tā men tā men 进入jìn rù jìn rù 并bìng bìng 表示biǎo shì biǎo shì 奉命fèng mìng fèng mìng 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
When Fairfax Media journalists (including photographer Nick Moir) visited the hospital to check on procedures for securing Barati's body, they encountered G4S guards who refused access and stated they were under orders to guard the body [3].
警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 记者jì zhě jì zhě 在zài zài 他们tā men tā men 的de de 经理jīng lǐ jīng lǐ 到达dào dá dào dá 之前zhī qián zhī qián 不得bù dé bù dé 离开lí kāi lí kāi 。。 。
The guards demanded the journalists not leave until their manager arrived.
相机xiàng jī xiàng jī 没收mò shōu mò shōu 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 也yě yě 确实què shí què shí 发生fā shēng fā shēng 了le le 。。 。
The camera confiscation incident also occurred.
当dāng dāng NickNick Nick MoirMoir Moir 试图shì tú shì tú 拍摄pāi shè pāi shè 一辆yī liàng yī liàng 载有zài yǒu zài yǒu 受伤shòu shāng shòu shāng 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě 的de de G4SG4S G4S 巴士bā shì bā shì 抵达dǐ dá dǐ dá 医院yī yuàn yī yuàn 时shí shí ,, , G4SG4S G4S 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 抓住zhuā zhù zhuā zhù 了le le 他tā tā ,, , 没收mò shōu mò shōu 了le le 他tā tā 的de de 相机xiàng jī xiàng jī ,, , 后来hòu lái hòu lái 强迫qiǎng pò qiǎng pò 他tā tā 在zài zài 一名yī míng yī míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 国家guó jiā guó jiā 经理jīng lǐ jīng lǐ 面前miàn qián miàn qián 删除shān chú shān chú 照片zhào piān zhào piān ,, , 然后rán hòu rán hòu 才cái cái 归还guī huán guī huán 相机xiàng jī xiàng jī [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
When Nick Moir attempted to photograph a G4S bus carrying injured asylum seekers arriving at the hospital, G4S guards grabbed him, confiscated his camera, and later forced him to delete photographs in front of a PNG national manager before returning the camera [3][4].
该gāi gāi 记者jì zhě jì zhě 成功chéng gōng chéng gōng 恢复huī fù huī fù 了le le 被bèi bèi 删除shān chú shān chú 的de de 照片zhào piān zhào piān ,, , 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 照片zhào piān zhào piān 随后suí hòu suí hòu 被bèi bèi 发表fā biǎo fā biǎo [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
The journalist was able to recover the deleted photographs, which were subsequently published [4]. **Important factual clarification:** The claim states the guards "possibly shot him," but Reza Barati was not shot.
** * ** * 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 的de de 事实shì shí shì shí 澄清chéng qīng chéng qīng :: : ** * ** * 该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 称chēng chēng 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi "" " 可能kě néng kě néng 枪杀qiāng shā qiāng shā 了le le 他tā tā "" " ,, , 但dàn dàn RezaReza Reza BaratiBarati Barati 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 被bèi bèi 枪击qiāng jī qiāng jī 。。 。
According to the Cornall Review (the official government investigation) and court findings, Barati died from severe brain injuries caused by being beaten with a piece of wood with nails and having a large rock dropped on his head [1][2].
根据gēn jù gēn jù CornallCornall Cornall 审查shěn chá shěn chá (( ( 官方guān fāng guān fāng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 调查diào chá diào chá )) ) 和hé hé 法庭fǎ tíng fǎ tíng 裁决cái jué cái jué ,, , BaratiBarati Barati 死于sǐ yú sǐ yú 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 脑损伤nǎo sǔn shāng nǎo sǔn shāng ,, , 原因yuán yīn yuán yīn 是shì shì 被bèi bèi 一块yī kuài yī kuài 带dài dài 钉子dīng zi dīng zi 的de de 木头mù tou mù tou 殴打ōu dǎ ōu dǎ ,, , 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 一块yī kuài yī kuài 大dà dà 石头砸shí tou zá shí tou zá 在zài zài 头上tóu shàng tóu shàng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
Two PNG nationals—Joshua Kaluvia and Louie Efi—were convicted of his murder in 2016 [1].
两名liǎng míng liǎng míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 人rén rén —— — —— — JoshuaJoshua Joshua KaluviaKaluvia Kaluvia 和hé hé LouieLouie Louie EfiEfi Efi —— — —— — 于yú yú 20162016 2016 年nián nián 被判bèi pàn bèi pàn 犯有fàn yǒu fàn yǒu 谋杀罪móu shā zuì móu shā zuì [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。

缺失背景

该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 遗漏yí lòu yí lòu 了le le 几个jǐ gè jǐ gè 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 信息xìn xī xìn xī :: :
The claim omits several critical pieces of context: **Labor established the policy:** The Manus Island detention center was reopened by the Labor government in August 2012 under Prime Minister Julia Gillard, and the "PNG Solution" (sending all asylum seekers who arrived by boat to PNG for processing and resettlement) was announced by Kevin Rudd in July 2013—before the Coalition took office in September 2013 [5][6].
** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì 了le le 该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè :: : ** * ** * 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 拘留jū liú jū liú 中心zhōng xīn zhōng xīn 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 在zài zài JuliaJulia Julia GillardGillard Gillard 总理zǒng lǐ zǒng lǐ 领导lǐng dǎo lǐng dǎo 下于xià yú xià yú 20122012 2012 年nián nián 88 8 月yuè yuè 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng ,, , "" " PNGPNG PNG 解决方案jiě jué fāng àn jiě jué fāng àn "" " (( ( 将jiāng jiāng 所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 乘船chéng chuán chéng chuán 抵达dǐ dá dǐ dá 的de de 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 和hé hé 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 安置ān zhì ān zhì )) ) 由yóu yóu KevinKevin Kevin RuddRudd Rudd 于yú yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 77 7 月yuè yuè 宣布xuān bù xuān bù —— — —— — 在zài zài CoalitionCoalition Coalition 于yú yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 99 9 月yuè yuè 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng 之前zhī qián zhī qián [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。
Reza Barati arrived in Australia on July 24, 2013 (just five days after the PNG Solution announcement) and was sent to Manus Island by the Rudd Labor government in August 2013 [2]. **G4S was the existing contractor:** G4S had been contracted to manage security at Manus Island since its reopening under Labor in 2012.
RezaReza Reza BaratiBarati Barati 于yú yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 77 7 月yuè yuè 2424 24 日rì rì 抵达dǐ dá dǐ dá 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà (( ( 就jiù jiù 在zài zài PNGPNG PNG 解决方案jiě jué fāng àn jiě jué fāng àn 宣布xuān bù xuān bù 五天wǔ tiān wǔ tiān 后hòu hòu )) ) ,, , 并于bìng yú bìng yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 88 8 月yuè yuè 由yóu yóu RuddRudd Rudd LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
The Coalition government did not hire G4S; they inherited the existing contractual arrangements [3][6]. **The broader context of the riots:** The Cornall Review and subsequent Senate inquiry found the riots were "eminently foreseeable" and resulted from a failure to process asylum claims, creating anger and frustration among detainees [1][7].
** * ** * G4SG4S G4S 是shì shì 现有xiàn yǒu xiàn yǒu 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng :: : ** * ** * G4SG4S G4S 自zì zì 20122012 2012 年nián nián LaborLabor Labor 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 以来yǐ lái yǐ lái 就jiù jiù 被bèi bèi 签约qiān yuē qiān yuē 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 该地gāi dì gāi dì 的de de 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 工作gōng zuò gōng zuò 。。 。
The Senate inquiry found the Australian Government failed in its duty to protect asylum seekers, including Barati [1]. **Other expatriate guards allegedly involved:** While two PNG nationals were convicted, witness testimony identified Australian and New Zealand expatriate guards who were allegedly involved in the attack but were never charged [1][2].
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 雇佣gù yōng gù yōng G4SG4S G4S ;; ; 他们tā men tā men 继承jì chéng jì chéng 了le le 现有xiàn yǒu xiàn yǒu 的de de 合同hé tóng hé tóng 安排ān pái ān pái [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。
The sentencing judge noted that others were involved in the killing who had not been prosecuted [1]. **G4S lost the contract:** Following the incident, G4S was replaced as the security contractor at Manus Island by Wilson Security in early 2014 [8].
** * ** * 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 的de de 更gèng gèng 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng :: : ** * ** * CornallCornall Cornall 审查shěn chá shěn chá 和hé hé 随后suí hòu suí hòu 的de de 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 调查diào chá diào chá 认定rèn dìng rèn dìng ,, , 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 是shì shì "" " 完全wán quán wán quán 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 预见yù jiàn yù jiàn 的de de "" " ,, , 原因yuán yīn yuán yīn 是shì shì 未能wèi néng wèi néng 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě 的de de 申请shēn qǐng shēn qǐng ,, , 导致dǎo zhì dǎo zhì 被bèi bèi 拘留jū liú jū liú 者zhě zhě 中zhōng zhōng 产生chǎn shēng chǎn shēng 了le le 愤怒fèn nù fèn nù 和hé hé 沮丧jǔ sàng jǔ sàng 情绪qíng xù qíng xù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] 。。 。
参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 调查diào chá diào chá 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn 澳大利亚政府ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ 未能wèi néng wèi néng 履行lǚ xíng lǚ xíng 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě (( ( 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò BaratiBarati Barati )) ) 的de de 责任zé rèn zé rèn [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
** * ** * 其他qí tā qí tā 外籍wài jí wài jí 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi allegedlyallegedly allegedly 参与cān yù cān yù :: : ** * ** * 虽然suī rán suī rán 两名liǎng míng liǎng míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 人rén rén 被bèi bèi 判刑pàn xíng pàn xíng ,, , 但dàn dàn 证人zhèng rén zhèng rén 证词zhèng cí zhèng cí 确认què rèn què rèn 了le le 据称jù chēng jù chēng 参与cān yù cān yù 袭击xí jī xí jī 的de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 和hé hé 新西兰xīn xī lán xīn xī lán 外籍wài jí wài jí 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi ,, , 但dàn dàn 他们tā men tā men 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 被bèi bèi 起诉qǐ sù qǐ sù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
判决pàn jué pàn jué 法官fǎ guān fǎ guān 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū ,, , 还有hái yǒu hái yǒu 其他qí tā qí tā 参与cān yù cān yù 杀害shā hài shā hài 的de de 人rén rén 未wèi wèi 被bèi bèi 起诉qǐ sù qǐ sù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
** * ** * G4SG4S G4S 失去shī qù shī qù 了le le 合同hé tóng hé tóng :: : ** * ** * 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 发生fā shēng fā shēng 后hòu hòu ,, , G4SG4S G4S 于yú yú 20142014 2014 年初nián chū nián chū 被bèi bèi WilsonWilson Wilson SecuritySecurity Security 取代qǔ dài qǔ dài ,, , 不再bù zài bù zài 担任dān rèn dān rèn 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 的de de 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng [[ [ 88 8 ]] ] 。。 。

来源可信度评估

原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 来源lái yuán lái yuán 是shì shì 《《 《 悉尼xī ní xī ní 先驱xiān qū xiān qū 晨报chén bào chén bào 》》 》 (( ( SMHSMH SMH )) ) ,, , 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ 最zuì zuì 悠久yōu jiǔ yōu jiǔ 、、 、 声誉shēng yù shēng yù 最高zuì gāo zuì gāo 的de de 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ 之一zhī yī zhī yī 。。 。
The original source is The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH), one of Australia's oldest and most reputable newspapers.
根据gēn jù gēn jù MediaMedia Media BiasBias Bias // / FactFact Fact CheckCheck Check 的de de 评级píng jí píng jí ,, , SMHSMH SMH 被bèi bèi 评为píng wèi píng wèi "" " 中zhōng zhōng 左zuǒ zuǒ "" " 偏见piān jiàn piān jiàn ,, , "" " 高gāo gāo "" " 事实shì shí shì shí 报道bào dào bào dào 可信度kě xìn dù kě xìn dù [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。 。
According to Media Bias/Fact Check, SMH is rated as having "Left-Center" bias with "High" factual reporting credibility [9].
该gāi gāi 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 由yóu yóu RoryRory Rory CallinanCallinan Callinan 撰写zhuàn xiě zhuàn xiě ,, , 他tā tā 是shì shì FairfaxFairfax Fairfax MediaMedia Media 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá 记者jì zhě jì zhě ,, , 拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 2020 20 多年duō nián duō nián 的de de 经验jīng yàn jīng yàn [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
The article was written by Rory Callinan, a Fairfax Media investigations reporter with 20+ years of experience [4].
该gāi gāi 具体jù tǐ jù tǐ 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 是shì shì 基于jī yú jī yú 现场xiàn chǎng xiàn chǎng 第一手dì yī shǒu dì yī shǒu 观察guān chá guān chá 的de de 事实shì shí shì shí 报道bào dào bào dào 。。 。
The specific article is factual reporting based on firsthand observation at the scene.
SMHSMH SMH 的de de 报道bào dào bào dào 得到dé dào dé dào 以下yǐ xià yǐ xià corroborationcorroboration corroboration :: :
The SMH account is corroborated by: - The World Association of News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), which reported on the incident involving photographer Nick Moir [4] - The ABC, which has extensively covered the Manus Island riots and subsequent investigations [1][7] - The official Cornall Review (government-commissioned investigation) [2] - The Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee inquiry [7] The source is credible, though the claim being analyzed slightly misrepresents one fact (Barati was beaten, not shot).
-- - 世界shì jiè shì jiè 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 出版商chū bǎn shāng chū bǎn shāng 协会xié huì xié huì (( ( WANWAN WAN -- - IFRAIFRA IFRA )) ) ,, , 该gāi gāi 协会xié huì xié huì 报道bào dào bào dào 了le le 涉及shè jí shè jí 摄影师shè yǐng shī shè yǐng shī NickNick Nick MoirMoir Moir 的de de 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn [[ [ 44 4 ]] ]
-- - 澳大利亚广播公司ào dà lì yà guǎng bō gōng sī ào dà lì yà guǎng bō gōng sī (( ( ABCABC ABC )) ) ,, , 该gāi gāi 公司gōng sī gōng sī 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 报道bào dào bào dào 了le le 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 和hé hé 随后suí hòu suí hòu 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 77 7 ]] ]
-- - 官方guān fāng guān fāng CornallCornall Cornall 审查shěn chá shěn chá (( ( 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 委托wěi tuō wěi tuō 调查diào chá diào chá )) ) [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 和hé hé 宪法xiàn fǎ xiàn fǎ 事务shì wù shì wù 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 调查diào chá diào chá [[ [ 77 7 ]] ]
该gāi gāi 来源lái yuán lái yuán 是shì shì 可信kě xìn kě xìn 的de de ,, , 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 被bèi bèi 分析fēn xī fēn xī 的de de 陈述chén shù chén shù 稍微shāo wēi shāo wēi 歪曲wāi qū wāi qū 了le le 一个yí gè yí gè 事实shì shí shì shí (( ( BaratiBarati Barati 是shì shì 被bèi bèi 殴打ōu dǎ ōu dǎ ,, , 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 枪击qiāng jī qiāng jī )) ) 。。 。
⚖️

工党对比

** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 做过zuò guò zuò guò 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 事情shì qíng shì qíng ?? ?
**Did Labor do something similar?** Search conducted: "Labor government reopened Manus Island 2012 offshore detention" Finding: The Manus Island Regional Processing Centre was reopened by the Labor government in November 2012 under Julia Gillard [5][6].
** * ** *
The "PNG Solution" policy of sending all asylum seekers arriving by boat to Papua New Guinea for processing and resettlement was announced by Kevin Rudd on July 19, 2013—before the September 2013 election [6].
搜索sōu suǒ sōu suǒ conductedconducted conducted :: : "" " LaborLabor Labor governmentgovernment government reopenedreopened reopened ManusManus Manus IslandIsland Island 20122012 2012 offshoreoffshore offshore detentiondetention detention "" "
Reza Barati was sent to Manus Island by the Labor government in August 2013 [2]. **Comparison:** The offshore detention policy and the use of private security contractors like G4S were established by Labor and continued by the Coalition.
发现fā xiàn fā xiàn :: : 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 区域qū yù qū yù 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 中心zhōng xīn zhōng xīn 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 在zài zài JuliaJulia Julia GillardGillard Gillard 领导lǐng dǎo lǐng dǎo 下于xià yú xià yú 20122012 2012 年nián nián 1111 11 月yuè yuè 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。
The specific incident of Barati's death occurred during the Coalition government (February 2014), but the policy framework, facility, and contractor relationships were inherited from Labor. **Labor's record on similar issues:** Labor's offshore detention policies also faced significant criticism and controversies: - The 2011 Christmas Island boat tragedy (48 deaths) occurred under Labor's watch [10] - Riots and self-harm incidents occurred at both Nauru and Manus under Labor's management [6] - Reports of inadequate mental health care and conditions at offshore facilities occurred under both governments [6] The bipartisan nature of offshore detention policy means that criticisms about conditions, contractor management, and duty of care apply to both major parties.
"" " PNGPNG PNG 解决方案jiě jué fāng àn jiě jué fāng àn "" " 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè (( ( 将jiāng jiāng 所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 乘船chéng chuán chéng chuán 抵达dǐ dá dǐ dá 的de de 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 庇护bì hù bì hù 者zhě zhě 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 和hé hé 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 安置ān zhì ān zhì )) ) 由yóu yóu KevinKevin Kevin RuddRudd Rudd 于yú yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 77 7 月yuè yuè 1919 19 日rì rì 宣布xuān bù xuān bù —— — —— — 在zài zài 20132013 2013 年nián nián 99 9 月yuè yuè 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ 之前zhī qián zhī qián [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。
RezaReza Reza BaratiBarati Barati 于yú yú 20132013 2013 年nián nián 88 8 月yuè yuè 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
** * ** * 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào :: : ** * ** * 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng G4SG4S G4S 等děng děng 私人sī rén sī rén 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì 并bìng bìng 由yóu yóu CoalitionCoalition Coalition 延续yán xù yán xù 的de de 。。 。
BaratiBarati Barati 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 的de de 特定tè dìng tè dìng 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 发生fā shēng fā shēng 在zài zài CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 期间qī jiān qī jiān (( ( 20142014 2014 年nián nián 22 2 月yuè yuè )) ) ,, , 但dàn dàn 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 、、 、 设施shè shī shè shī 和hé hé 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng 关系guān xì guān xì 都dōu dōu 是从shì cóng shì cóng LaborLabor Labor 继承jì chéng jì chéng 的de de 。。 。
** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 在zài zài 类似lèi sì lèi sì 问题wèn tí wèn tí 上shàng shàng 的de de 记录jì lù jì lù :: : ** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 的de de 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 也yě yě 面临miàn lín miàn lín 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 批评pī píng pī píng 和hé hé 争议zhēng yì zhēng yì :: :
-- - 20112011 2011 年nián nián 圣诞岛shèng dàn dǎo shèng dàn dǎo 船只chuán zhī chuán zhī 悲剧bēi jù bēi jù (( ( 4848 48 人rén rén 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng )) ) 发生fā shēng fā shēng 在zài zài LaborLabor Labor 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng 期间qī jiān qī jiān [[ [ 1010 10 ]] ]
-- - 在zài zài LaborLabor Labor 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 期间qī jiān qī jiān ,, , 瑙鲁nǎo lǔ nǎo lǔ 和hé hé 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 都dōu dōu 发生fā shēng fā shēng 了le le 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 和hé hé 自残zì cán zì cán 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn [[ [ 66 6 ]] ]
-- - 关于guān yú guān yú 离岸lí àn lí àn 设施shè shī shè shī 心理健康xīn lǐ jiàn kāng xīn lǐ jiàn kāng 护理hù lǐ hù lǐ 不足bù zú bù zú 和hé hé 条件tiáo jiàn tiáo jiàn 的de de 报告bào gào bào gào 发生fā shēng fā shēng 在zài zài 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 期间qī jiān qī jiān [[ [ 66 6 ]] ]
离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 的de de 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì 意味着yì wèi zhe yì wèi zhe 对duì duì 条件tiáo jiàn tiáo jiàn 、、 、 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 和hé hé 照护zhào hù zhào hù 责任zé rèn zé rèn 的de de 批评pī píng pī píng 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 两个liǎng gè liǎng gè 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 。。 。
🌐

平衡视角

** * ** * 该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 正确zhèng què zhèng què 的de de 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn :: : ** * ** *
**What the claim gets right:** - G4S guards were indeed guarding the body of Reza Barati at the hospital morgue - G4S employees were suspects in the death (two PNG nationals were later convicted; other expatriate guards were implicated but never charged) - G4S guards confiscated a journalist's camera and forced deletion of photos - The situation represented a serious failure of government oversight and contractor management **What the claim omits or misrepresents:** - Barati was beaten to death, not shot (factually incorrect claim) - G4S was hired by the previous Labor government, not the Coalition - The Manus Island facility was reopened and Barati was sent there by Labor - The riots were found to be "eminently foreseeable" by a Senate inquiry due to failures to process claims—a problem that began under Labor and continued under the Coalition **The broader context:** This incident represents one of the darkest chapters in Australia's offshore detention policy.
-- - G4SG4S G4S 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 确实què shí què shí 在zài zài 医院yī yuàn yī yuàn 太平间tài píng jiān tài píng jiān 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu RezaReza Reza BaratiBarati Barati 的de de 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ
The fact that a private security company suspected in a detainee's death was permitted to guard the body and intimidate journalists raises serious questions about government oversight, contractor accountability, and transparency.
-- - G4SG4S G4S 员工yuán gōng yuán gōng 是shì shì 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 的de de 嫌疑人xián yí rén xián yí rén (( ( 两名liǎng míng liǎng míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 人rén rén 后来hòu lái hòu lái 被bèi bèi 判刑pàn xíng pàn xíng ;; ; 其他qí tā qí tā 外籍wài jí wài jí 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 被bèi bèi 牵连qiān lián qiān lián 但dàn dàn 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 被bèi bèi 起诉qǐ sù qǐ sù )) )
However, this was a systemic failure across both major parties.
-- - G4SG4S G4S 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 没收mò shōu mò shōu 了le le 一名yī míng yī míng 记者jì zhě jì zhě 的de de 相机xiàng jī xiàng jī 并bìng bìng 强迫qiǎng pò qiǎng pò 删除shān chú shān chú 照片zhào piān zhào piān
Labor reopened offshore detention in 2012 after the Howard government's "Pacific Solution" had been dismantled in 2008.
-- - 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 代表dài biǎo dài biǎo 了le le 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 监督jiān dū jiān dū 和hé hé 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 的de de 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 失败shī bài shī bài
The Coalition continued and intensified the policy with Operation Sovereign Borders.
** * ** * 该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 遗漏yí lòu yí lòu 或huò huò 歪曲wāi qū wāi qū 的de de 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn :: : ** * ** *
Both governments used private contractors (G4S, Wilson Security, Broadspectrum) to manage facilities, creating accountability gaps that contributed to this tragedy.
-- - BaratiBarati Barati 是shì shì 被bèi bèi 殴打ōu dǎ ōu dǎ 致死zhì sǐ zhì sǐ ,, , 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 枪击qiāng jī qiāng jī (( ( 事实shì shí shì shí 错误cuò wù cuò wù 的de de 陈述chén shù chén shù )) )
The Cornall Review and Senate inquiry established that the violence was foreseeable and that the government failed in its duty of care [1][7].
-- - G4SG4S G4S 是shì shì 由yóu yóu 前qián qián 一届yī jiè yī jiè LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 雇佣gù yōng gù yōng 的de de ,, , 而ér ér 非fēi fēi CoalitionCoalition Coalition
The fact that only two PNG nationals were convicted while expatriate guards allegedly involved escaped prosecution highlights serious concerns about justice and accountability [1][2].
-- - 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 设施shè shī shè shī 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng 的de de ,, , BaratiBarati Barati 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 那里nà lǐ nà lǐ 的de de
This incident is not unique to the Coalition—offshore detention has been controversial regardless of which party holds government.
-- - 骚乱sāo luàn sāo luàn 被bèi bèi 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 调查diào chá diào chá 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn 是shì shì "" " 完全wán quán wán quán 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 预见yù jiàn yù jiàn 的de de "" " ,, , 原因yuán yīn yuán yīn 是shì shì 未能wèi néng wèi néng 处理chǔ lǐ chǔ lǐ 申请shēn qǐng shēn qǐng —— — —— — 这个zhè ge zhè ge 问题wèn tí wèn tí 始于shǐ yú shǐ yú LaborLabor Labor 并bìng bìng 在zài zài CoalitionCoalition Coalition 期间qī jiān qī jiān 持续chí xù chí xù 存在cún zài cún zài
However, the specific circumstances (guarding the body, camera confiscation) occurred under Coalition management of a facility established by Labor.
** * ** * 更gèng gèng 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 的de de 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng :: : ** * ** *
这一zhè yī zhè yī 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 代表dài biǎo dài biǎo 了le le 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 中zhōng zhōng 最zuì zuì 黑暗hēi àn hēi àn 的de de 篇章piān zhāng piān zhāng 之一zhī yī zhī yī 。。 。
允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 涉嫌shè xián shè xián 参与cān yù cān yù 被bèi bèi 拘留jū liú jū liú 者zhě zhě 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 的de de 私人sī rén sī rén 安保ān bǎo ān bǎo 公司gōng sī gōng sī 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ 并bìng bìng 恐吓kǒng hè kǒng hè 记者jì zhě jì zhě 这一zhè yī zhè yī 事实shì shí shì shí ,, , 引发yǐn fā yǐn fā 了le le 关于guān yú guān yú 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 监督jiān dū jiān dū 、、 、 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng 问责wèn zé wèn zé 和hé hé 透明度tòu míng dù tòu míng dù 的de de 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 问题wèn tí wèn tí 。。 。
然而rán ér rán ér ,, , 这是zhè shì zhè shì 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 之间zhī jiān zhī jiān 的de de 系统性xì tǒng xìng xì tǒng xìng 失败shī bài shī bài 。。 。
LaborLabor Labor 在zài zài 20082008 2008 年nián nián HowardHoward Howard 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 的de de "" " 太平洋tài píng yáng tài píng yáng 解决方案jiě jué fāng àn jiě jué fāng àn "" " 被bèi bèi 废除fèi chú fèi chú 后hòu hòu ,, , 于yú yú 20122012 2012 年nián nián 重新chóng xīn chóng xīn 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 。。 。
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 通过tōng guò tōng guò "" " 主权zhǔ quán zhǔ quán 边境biān jìng biān jìng 行动xíng dòng xíng dòng "" " 继续jì xù jì xù 并bìng bìng 加强jiā qiáng jiā qiáng 了le le 该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 。。 。
两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 都dōu dōu 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 私人sī rén sī rén 承包商chéng bāo shāng chéng bāo shāng (( ( G4SG4S G4S 、、 、 WilsonWilson Wilson SecuritySecurity Security 、、 、 BroadspectrumBroadspectrum Broadspectrum )) ) 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 设施shè shī shè shī ,, , 造成zào chéng zào chéng 了le le 导致dǎo zhì dǎo zhì 这一zhè yī zhè yī 悲剧bēi jù bēi jù 的de de 问责wèn zé wèn zé 缺口quē kǒu quē kǒu 。。 。
CornallCornall Cornall 审查shěn chá shěn chá 和hé hé 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 调查diào chá diào chá 认定rèn dìng rèn dìng 暴力bào lì bào lì 是shì shì 完全wán quán wán quán 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 预见yù jiàn yù jiàn 的de de ,, , 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 未能wèi néng wèi néng 履行lǚ xíng lǚ xíng 其qí qí 照护zhào hù zhào hù 责任zé rèn zé rèn [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] 。。 。
只有zhǐ yǒu zhǐ yǒu 两名liǎng míng liǎng míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 人rén rén 被bèi bèi 判刑pàn xíng pàn xíng ,, , 而ér ér 据称jù chēng jù chēng 参与cān yù cān yù 的de de 外籍wài jí wài jí 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi 却què què 逃脱táo tuō táo tuō 了le le 起诉qǐ sù qǐ sù ,, , 这zhè zhè 凸显tū xiǎn tū xiǎn 了le le 对duì duì 正义zhèng yì zhèng yì 和hé hé 问责wèn zé wèn zé 的de de 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 关切guān qiè guān qiè [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
这一zhè yī zhè yī 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi CoalitionCoalition Coalition 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu —— — —— — 无论wú lùn wú lùn 哪个nǎ ge nǎ ge 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng ,, , 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 一直yì zhí yì zhí 存在cún zài cún zài 争议zhēng yì zhēng yì 。。 。
然而rán ér rán ér ,, , 具体情况jù tǐ qíng kuàng jù tǐ qíng kuàng (( ( 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ 、、 、 没收mò shōu mò shōu 相机xiàng jī xiàng jī )) ) 发生fā shēng fā shēng 在zài zài LaborLabor Labor 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì 的de de 设施shè shī shè shī 的de de CoalitionCoalition Coalition 管理guǎn lǐ guǎn lǐ 期间qī jiān qī jiān 。。 。

部分属实

6.0

/ 10

该gāi gāi 陈述chén shù chén shù 包含bāo hán bāo hán 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 的de de 事实shì shí shì shí 准确性zhǔn què xìng zhǔn què xìng ,, , 但dàn dàn 也yě yě 存在cún zài cún zài 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 的de de 不bù bù 准确性zhǔn què xìng zhǔn què xìng 和hé hé 遗漏yí lòu yí lòu 。。 。
The claim contains significant factual accuracy but also important inaccuracies and omissions.
G4SG4S G4S 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi (( ( 其qí qí 员工yuán gōng yuán gōng 是shì shì BaratiBarati Barati 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 事件shì jiàn shì jiàn 的de de 嫌疑人xián yí rén xián yí rén )) ) 看守kān shǒu kān shǒu 遗体yí tǐ yí tǐ ,, , 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 他们tā men tā men 确实què shí què shí 没收mò shōu mò shōu 并bìng bìng 删除shān chú shān chú 了le le 记者jì zhě jì zhě 的de de 照片zhào piān zhào piān ,, , 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 都dōu dōu 是shì shì 事实shì shí shì shí 。。 。
It is true that G4S guards (whose employees were suspects in Barati's death) guarded the body, and they did confiscate and delete a journalist's photos.
然而rán ér rán ér ,, , BaratiBarati Barati 是shì shì 被bèi bèi 殴打ōu dǎ ōu dǎ 致死zhì sǐ zhì sǐ 的de de —— — —— — 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 被bèi bèi 枪击qiāng jī qiāng jī —— — —— — 后来hòu lái hòu lái 被bèi bèi 确认què rèn què rèn 是shì shì 两名liǎng míng liǎng míng 巴布亚新几内亚bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà bā bù yà xīn jǐ nèi yà 人rén rén (( ( 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 太平间tài píng jiān tài píng jiān 的de de "" " 可能kě néng kě néng 警卫jǐng wèi jǐng wèi "" " ,, , 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 凶手xiōng shǒu xiōng shǒu 是shì shì G4SG4S G4S 员工yuán gōng yuán gōng )) ) 。。 。
However, Barati was beaten to death—not shot—by individuals later identified as two PNG nationals (not "possibly the guards" at the morgue, though the killers were G4S employees).
最zuì zuì 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 的de de 遗漏yí lòu yí lòu 是shì shì ,, , 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 岛dǎo dǎo 设施shè shī shè shī 、、 、 G4SG4S G4S 合同hé tóng hé tóng 和hé hé 离岸lí àn lí àn 拘留jū liú jū liú 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 都dōu dōu 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì 的de de ,, , 而且ér qiě ér qiě BaratiBarati Barati 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 送往sòng wǎng sòng wǎng 马努斯mǎ nǔ sī mǎ nǔ sī 的de de ,, , 而ér ér 非fēi fēi CoalitionCoalition Coalition 。。 。
The most significant omission is that the Manus Island facility, the G4S contract, and the offshore detention policy were all established by the Labor government, and Barati was sent to Manus by Labor, not the Coalition.

📚 来源与引用 (10)

  1. 1
    abc.net.au

    abc.net.au

    Two men found guilty of murdering asylum seeker Reza Barati in Australia's offshore detention centre on Manus Island are sentenced to 10 years' jail, with five of those years suspended.

    Abc Net
  2. 2
    en.wikipedia.org

    en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia

  3. 3
    smh.com.au

    smh.com.au

    The body of an asylum seeker suspected of being killed during a riot on Manus Island is being guarded and monitored by the same security company whose officers are suspects in the man’s death.

    The Sydney Morning Herald
  4. 4
    wan-ifra.org

    wan-ifra.org

    Sydney Morning Herald photographer Nick Moir has been detained by private security guards working for an Australian immigration detention centre in Papua New Guinea.

    WAN-IFRA
  5. 5
    rac-vic.org

    rac-vic.org

    Refugee Action Collective (Vic) | Free the refugees! Let them land, let them stay!
  6. 6
    PDF

    Manus attacks fact sheet

    Refugeeaction Org • PDF Document
  7. 7
    aph.gov.au

    aph.gov.au

    Chapter 1 Introduction and backgroundReferral of the inquiry 1.1        On 5 March 2014, the Senate referred the following matter to the Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee for inquiry and report by 26 June 2014:

    Aph Gov
  8. 8
    abc.net.au

    abc.net.au

    A Salvation Army worker identified as allegedly leading a fatal attack on Iranian asylum seeker Reza Berati on Manus Island in February is expected to be charged in Papua New Guinea. The PNG national has been named in an official report into the riots which took place at the Manus Island detention centre between February 16 to 18 this year. Mr Berati, 23, died in what the Government describes as a "disturbance" that saw another 60 asylum seekers injured, some seriously.

    Abc Net
  9. 9
    mediabiasfactcheck.com

    mediabiasfactcheck.com

    LEFT-CENTER BIAS These media sources have a slight to moderate liberal bias.  They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording

    Media Bias/Fact Check
  10. 10
    hrlc.org.au

    hrlc.org.au

    Human Rights Law Centre

评分方法

1-3: 不实

事实错误或恶意捏造。

4-6: 部分属实

有一定真实性,但缺乏背景或有所偏颇。

7-9: 基本属实

仅有微小的技术性或措辞问题。

10: 准确

完全经过验证且客观公正。

方法论: 评分通过交叉参照政府官方记录、独立事实核查机构和原始文件确定。