C0732 - 经济教育青年 | PoliticalClaims.au

C0732

声明内容

“试图放松大学学费管制，从而允许大学自行定价。学生最终将面临美国式的沉重债务负担。许多推动该政策的政客本身却免费获得了学位。预计学生平均债务将上升至10万澳元，尽管Abbott本人曾表示"让澳大利亚人背负2.5万澳元的债务是不负责任的"。OECD数据显示，公众从高等教育资格中获得的收益是个人收益的两倍。”

经济教育青年

原始来源： Matthew Davis

原始来源

mdavis.xyz

Documentation of Coalition government policies and claims.

Matthew Davis

✅ 事实核查

###### ### 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè

### Fee Deregulation Policy

AbbottAbbott Abbott 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 确实què shí què shí 在zài zài 20142014 2014 -- - 1515 15 年度预算nián dù yù suàn nián dù yù suàn 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 中zhōng zhōng 提出tí chū tí chū 了le le 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 方案fāng àn fāng àn 。。。

The Abbott government did propose fee deregulation as part of its 2014-15 budget higher education reforms.

该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 将jiāng jiāng 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 设定shè dìng shè dìng 的de de 大学dà xué dà xué 学费xué fèi xué fèi 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn ，，，允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 院校yuàn xiào yuàn xiào 自行zì xíng zì xíng 定价dìng jià dìng jià [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The policy would have removed government-set caps on university fees, allowing institutions to set their own prices [1].

教育部长jiào yù bù zhǎng jiào yù bù zhǎng ChristopherChristopher Christopher PynePyne Pyne 大力dà lì dà lì 推动tuī dòng tuī dòng 了le le 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ，，，其中qí zhōng qí zhōng 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù fundingfunding funding 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 调整tiáo zhěng tiáo zhěng HELPHELP HELP 债务zhài wù zhài wù 指数化zhǐ shù huà zhǐ shù huà 方式fāng shì fāng shì [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

Education Minister Christopher Pyne championed these reforms, which also included funding cuts to higher education and changes to HELP debt indexation [1].

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 提议tí yì tí yì 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 部门bù mén bù mén 5858 58 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán fundingfunding funding ，，，降低jiàng dī jiàng dī HECSHECS HECS 还款hái kuǎn hái kuǎn 门槛mén kǎn mén kǎn ，，，对duì duì 学生xué shēng xué shēng 债务zhài wù zhài wù 收取shōu qǔ shōu qǔ 实际shí jì shí jì 利率lì lǜ lì lǜ （（（最高zuì gāo zuì gāo 6%6% 6% ）））而ér ér 非仅fēi jǐn fēi jǐn 按àn àn 通胀tōng zhàng tōng zhàng 指数化zhǐ shù huà zhǐ shù huà ，，，并bìng bìng 向xiàng xiàng 私立sī lì sī lì 营利性yíng lì xìng yíng lì xìng 教育jiào yù jiào yù 提供者tí gōng zhě tí gōng zhě 开放kāi fàng kāi fàng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ fundingfunding funding [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The reforms proposed cutting $5.8 billion from the higher education sector, lowering the HECS repayment threshold, charging real interest rates (up to 6%) on student debt instead of inflation-only indexation, and opening up government funding to private, for-profit education providers [1].

###### ### 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 学位xué wèi xué wèi 预测yù cè yù cè

### $100,000 Degrees Projection

关于guān yú guān yú "" " 预计yù jì yù jì 学生xué shēng xué shēng 平均píng jūn píng jūn 债务zhài wù zhài wù 将jiāng jiāng 上升shàng shēng shàng shēng 至zhì zhì 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán "" " 的de de 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 需要xū yào xū yào 仔细zǐ xì zǐ xì 审视shěn shì shěn shì 。。。

The claim that "average student debt is expected to rise to $100,000" requires careful examination.

LaborLabor Labor 和hé hé 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 的de de 反对者fǎn duì zhě fǎn duì zhě 大力dà lì dà lì 宣传xuān chuán xuān chuán "" " 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 学位xué wèi xué wèi "" " 的de de 信息xìn xī xìn xī ，，，但dàn dàn 分析表明fēn xī biǎo míng fēn xī biǎo míng 这zhè zhè 更gèng gèng 像是xiàng shì xiàng shì 一个yí gè yí gè "" " 最坏zuì huài zuì huài 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng "" " 预测yù cè yù cè ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 预期yù qī yù qī 平均值píng jūn zhí píng jūn zhí 。。。

Labor and opponents of deregulation campaigned heavily on the "$100,000 degrees" message, but analysis suggests this was a "worst case" projection rather than an expected average.

根据gēn jù gēn jù TheThe The ConversationConversation Conversation 的de de 分析fēn xī fēn xī ，，，如果rú guǒ rú guǒ 大学dà xué dà xué 将jiāng jiāng 课程kè chéng kè chéng 定价dìng jià dìng jià 在zài zài 每年měi nián měi nián 约yuē yuē 1.61.6 1.6 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán （（（收入shōu rù shōu rù 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā 55%55% 55% ））），，，即使jí shǐ jí shǐ 最zuì zuì 昂贵áng guì áng guì 的de de 学位xué wèi xué wèi 仍réng réng 将jiāng jiāng 低于dī yú dī yú 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。。

According to analysis from The Conversation, if universities priced courses at around A$16,000 per year (a 55% revenue increase), even the most expensive degrees would remain under A$100,000 [2].

创新chuàng xīn chuàng xīn 研究yán jiū yán jiū 大学dà xué dà xué 联盟lián méng lián méng 的de de 建模jiàn mó jiàn mó 估算gū suàn gū suàn ，，，为wèi wèi 抵消dǐ xiāo dǐ xiāo fundingfunding funding 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 所suǒ suǒ 需xū xū 的de de "" " 盈亏yíng kuī yíng kuī 平衡píng héng píng héng "" " 价格jià gé jià gé 约yuē yuē 为wèi wèi 每年měi nián měi nián 1.041.04 1.04 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。。

Modeling by the Innovative Research Universities group estimated a "breakeven" price to offset funding cuts would be about $10,400 per year [2].

然而rán ér rán ér ，，， LaborLabor Labor 的de de 案例àn lì àn lì 研究yán jiū yán jiū 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 了le le 最坏zuì huài zuì huài 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 学费xué fèi xué fèi 价格jià gé jià gé 、、、 6%6% 6% 利率lì lǜ lì lǜ 和hé hé 名义míng yì míng yì （（（非fēi fēi 通胀tōng zhàng tōng zhàng 调整tiáo zhěng tiáo zhěng ）））美元měi yuán měi yuán 计算jì suàn jì suàn 的de de 假设jiǎ shè jiǎ shè ，，，专家zhuān jiā zhuān jiā 分析fēn xī fēn xī 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 这zhè zhè "" " 极具jí jù jí jù 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。。

However, Labor's case studies used assumptions of worst-case tuition prices, 6% interest rates, and nominal (non-inflation-adjusted) dollar calculations, which expert analysis found to be "very misleading" [2].

八大bā dà bā dà 名校míng xiào míng xiào 联盟lián méng lián méng 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū ，，， 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 的de de 学位xué wèi xué wèi 已经yǐ jīng yǐ jīng 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 罕见hǎn jiàn hǎn jiàn 特例tè lì tè lì 存在cún zài cún zài ，，，在zài zài 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 后hòu hòu 可能kě néng kě néng 仍réng réng 将jiāng jiāng 保持bǎo chí bǎo chí 特例tè lì tè lì 状态zhuàng tài zhuàng tài [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。。

The Group of Eight noted that $100,000 degrees already existed as rare exceptions and would likely remain exceptional under deregulation [2].

澳洲ào zhōu ào zhōu 国立大学guó lì dà xué guó lì dà xué 的de de 一项yī xiàng yī xiàng 数学shù xué shù xué 建模jiàn mó jiàn mó 计算jì suàn jì suàn 显示xiǎn shì xiǎn shì ，，，在zài zài 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì 下xià xià ，，，假设jiǎ shè jiǎ shè 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 学位xué wèi xué wèi 每年měi nián měi nián 学费xué fèi xué fèi 2.82.8 2.8 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán ，，，可能kě néng kě néng 在zài zài 4343 43 年内nián nèi nián nèi 累计lěi jì lěi jì 债务zhài wù zhài wù 达dá dá 20.273420.2734 20.2734 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán ，，，其中qí zhōng qí zhōng 8.91348.9134 8.9134 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 为wèi wèi 利息lì xī lì xī [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。。

An ANU mathematical modeling exercise calculated that under the deregulated system, hypothetical fees of $28,000 per year for a law degree could result in total debt of $202,734 over 43 years, with $89,134 being interest [3].

###### ### 获得huò dé huò dé 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 的de de 政客zhèng kè zhèng kè

### Politicians Who Received Free Education

TheThe The NewNew New DailyDaily Daily 20172017 2017 年nián nián 的de de 分析fēn xī fēn xī 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn ，，， CoalitionCoalition Coalition 前座qián zuò qián zuò 议员yì yuán yì yuán 中zhōng zhōng 多数duō shù duō shù 在zài zài 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 时期shí qī shí qī （（（ 19741974 1974 -- - 19881988 1988 年nián nián ）））就读jiù dú jiù dú 大学dà xué dà xué 。。。

Analysis by The New Daily in 2017 found that a majority of the Coalition frontbench attended university during the fee-free period (1974-1988).

八位bā wèi bā wèi 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng 完全wán quán wán quán 在zài zài 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 时代shí dài shí dài 学习xué xí xué xí ，，，包括bāo kuò bāo kuò MalcolmMalcolm Malcolm TurnbullTurnbull Turnbull （（（悉尼大学xī ní dà xué xī ní dà xué 文学wén xué wén xué // / 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ ）））、、、 GeorgeGeorge George BrandisBrandis Brandis （（（昆士兰kūn shì lán kūn shì lán 大学dà xué dà xué 文学wén xué wén xué // / 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ ）））和hé hé MariseMarise Marise PaynePayne Payne （（（新南威尔士xīn nán wēi ěr shì xīn nán wēi ěr shì 大学dà xué dà xué 文学wén xué wén xué // / 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ ））） [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。。

Eight government ministers studied entirely during the free education era, including Malcolm Turnbull (Arts/Law, University of Sydney), George Brandis (Arts/Law, University of Queensland), and Marise Payne (Arts/Law, UNSW) [4].

另有lìng yǒu lìng yǒu 八位bā wèi bā wèi 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng 可能kě néng kě néng 至少zhì shǎo zhì shǎo 享受xiǎng shòu xiǎng shòu 过guò guò 一年yī nián yī nián 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù ，，，包括bāo kuò bāo kuò ChristopherChristopher Christopher PynePyne Pyne （（（阿德莱德ā dé lái dé ā dé lái dé 大学dà xué dà xué 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ ）））、、、 JulieJulie Julie BishopBishop Bishop （（（阿德莱德ā dé lái dé ā dé lái dé 大学dà xué dà xué 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ ）））和hé hé BarnabyBarnaby Barnaby JoyceJoyce Joyce （（（新英格兰xīn yīng gé lán xīn yīng gé lán 大学dà xué dà xué 商科shāng kē shāng kē ））） [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。。

Another eight ministers likely had at least one year of free education, including Christopher Pyne (Law, University of Adelaide), Julie Bishop (Law, University of Adelaide), and Barnaby Joyce (Commerce, University of New England) [4].

免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 大学dà xué dà xué 教育jiào yù jiào yù 由yóu yóu WhitlamWhitlam Whitlam LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 于yú yú 19741974 1974 年nián nián 11 1 月yuè yuè 11 1 日rì rì 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù ，，，于yú yú 19891989 1989 年nián nián HawkeHawke Hawke LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù HECSHECS HECS 时shí shí 结束jié shù jié shù [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。。

Free university education was introduced by the Whitlam Labor government on January 1, 1974, and ended when the Hawke Labor government introduced HECS in 1989 [4].

###### ### OECDOECD OECD 关于guān yú guān yú 公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 与yǔ yǔ 个人gè rén gè rén 收益shōu yì shōu yì 的de de 数据shù jù shù jù

### OECD Figures on Public vs Individual Benefits

根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《悉尼xī ní xī ní 先驱xiān qū xiān qū 晨报chén bào chén bào 》》》对duì duì 20142014 2014 年nián nián 99 9 月yuè yuè OECDOECD OECD 数据shù jù shù jù 的de de 分析fēn xī fēn xī ，，， "" " 公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 从cóng cóng 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 资格zī gé zī gé 中zhōng zhōng 获得huò dé huò dé 的de de 收益shōu yì shōu yì 是shì shì 个人gè rén gè rén 收益shōu yì shōu yì 的de de 两倍liǎng bèi liǎng bèi "" " 这一zhè yī zhè yī 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 得到dé dào dé dào 数据shù jù shù jù 支持zhī chí zhī chí ，，，但dàn dàn 存在cún zài cún zài 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 细微差别xì wēi chā bié xì wēi chā bié [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。。

According to the Sydney Morning Herald analysis of OECD data from September 2014, the claim that "public benefits from tertiary qualifications twice as much as the individual" is supported by the data, though with important nuances [5].

OECDOECD OECD 数据shù jù shù jù 显示xiǎn shì xiǎn shì ：：：

The OECD figures showed: - For every public dollar spent on higher education, men repaid $6 through higher taxes and reduced unemployment benefits - Women repaid $4.40 for every public dollar spent - Men's private return was $3.20 per dollar spent on their education - Women's private return was $2.50 per dollar spent [5] This made Australia one of only five OECD countries where the public rate of return exceeded the individual rate [5].

-- - 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 在zài zài 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 每měi měi 投入tóu rù tóu rù 一yī yī 澳元ào yuán ào yuán ，，，男性nán xìng nán xìng 通过tōng guò tōng guò 更高gèng gāo gèng gāo 税收shuì shōu shuì shōu 和hé hé 减少jiǎn shǎo jiǎn shǎo 的de de 失业shī yè shī yè 救济金jiù jì jīn jiù jì jīn 回报huí bào huí bào 66 6 澳元ào yuán ào yuán

However, the Education Minister's spokesman countered that "in actual dollar value, the individual... benefit is greater than the economic benefit to the public" [5].

-- - 女性nǚ xìng nǚ xìng 每měi měi 投入tóu rù tóu rù 一yī yī 澳元ào yuán ào yuán 回报huí bào huí bào 4.44.4 4.4 澳元ào yuán ào yuán

This reflects that while the *rate* of return was higher for the public, the absolute *dollar amount* of benefit was higher for individuals due to higher graduate incomes.

-- - 男性nán xìng nán xìng 的de de 私人sī rén sī rén 回报huí bào huí bào 为wèi wèi 每měi měi 投入tóu rù tóu rù 教育jiào yù jiào yù 支出zhī chū zhī chū 一yī yī 澳元ào yuán ào yuán 获得huò dé huò dé 3.23.2 3.2 澳元ào yuán ào yuán

### Abbott Quote on $25,000 Debt

-- - 女性nǚ xìng nǚ xìng 的de de 私人sī rén sī rén 回报huí bào huí bào 为wèi wèi 每měi měi 投入tóu rù tóu rù 一yī yī 澳元ào yuán ào yuán 获得huò dé huò dé 2.52.5 2.5 澳元ào yuán ào yuán [[ [ 55 5 ]] ]

The claim that Abbott said "it is irresponsible to saddle Australians with $25,000 of debt" has been referenced in social media posts from political activist groups, but the original parliamentary context is harder to verify [6][7].

这使zhè shǐ zhè shǐ 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 成为chéng wéi chéng wéi 仅jǐn jǐn 有yǒu yǒu 的de de 五个wǔ gè wǔ gè 公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ 超过chāo guò chāo guò 个人gè rén gè rén 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ 的de de OECDOECD OECD 国家guó jiā guó jiā 之一zhī yī zhī yī [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。。

The quote appears to have been made during Question Time in 2014, where Abbott was discussing a different policy context (likely government debt or infrastructure borrowing) rather than student debt specifically.

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，教育部长jiào yù bù zhǎng jiào yù bù zhǎng 的de de 发言人fā yán rén fā yán rén 反驳fǎn bó fǎn bó 称chēng chēng "" " 在zài zài 实际shí jì shí jì 美元měi yuán měi yuán 价值jià zhí jià zhí 上shàng shàng ，，，个人gè rén gè rén …… … …… … 收益shōu yì shōu yì 大于dà yú dà yú 公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 的de de 经济收益jīng jì shōu yì jīng jì shōu yì "" " [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。。

这zhè zhè 反映fǎn yìng fǎn yìng 出chū chū 虽然suī rán suī rán 公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 的de de ** * 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ ** * 更高gèng gāo gèng gāo ，，，但dàn dàn 由于yóu yú yóu yú 毕业生bì yè shēng bì yè shēng 收入shōu rù shōu rù 更高gèng gāo gèng gāo ，，，个人gè rén gè rén 的de de 绝对jué duì jué duì ** * 金额jīn é jīn é ** * 收益shōu yì shōu yì 更大gèng dà gèng dà 。。。

###### ### AbbottAbbott Abbott 关于guān yú guān yú 2.52.5 2.5 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 债务zhài wù zhài wù 的de de 言论yán lùn yán lùn

AbbottAbbott Abbott 称chēng chēng "" " 让ràng ràng 澳大利亚人ào dà lì yà rén ào dà lì yà rén 背负bēi fù bēi fù 2.52.5 2.5 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 的de de 债务zhài wù zhài wù 是shì shì 不负责任bù fù zé rèn bù fù zé rèn 的de de "" " 这一zhè yī zhè yī 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 在zài zài 政治zhèng zhì zhèng zhì 活动huó dòng huó dòng 团体tuán tǐ tuán tǐ 的de de 社交shè jiāo shè jiāo 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 帖子tiě zi tiě zi 中zhōng zhōng 被bèi bèi 引用yǐn yòng yǐn yòng ，，，但dàn dàn 原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 议会yì huì yì huì 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 较难jiào nán jiào nán 核实hé shí hé shí [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] 。。。

该gāi gāi 言论yán lùn yán lùn 似乎sì hū sì hū 出自chū zì chū zì 20142014 2014 年nián nián 质询zhì xún zhì xún 时间shí jiān shí jiān ，，，当时dāng shí dāng shí AbbottAbbott Abbott 讨论tǎo lùn tǎo lùn 的de de 是shì shì 不同bù tóng bù tóng 的de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng （（（可能kě néng kě néng 是shì shì 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 债务zhài wù zhài wù 或huò huò 基础设施jī chǔ shè shī jī chǔ shè shī 借贷jiè dài jiè dài ））），，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 特指tè zhǐ tè zhǐ 学生xué shēng xué shēng 债务zhài wù zhài wù 。。。

缺失背景

###### ### 该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 通过tōng guò tōng guò

### The Policy Never Passed

该gāi gāi 声明shēng míng shēng míng 忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 事实shì shí shì shí —— — —— — CoalitionCoalition Coalition 的de de 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ** * ** * 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 实施shí shī shí shī ** * ** * 。。。

The claim omits the critical fact that the Coalition's fee deregulation reforms were **never implemented**.

该gāi gāi 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ 被bèi bèi 提出tí chū tí chū 但dàn dàn 在zài zài 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 被bèi bèi 否决fǒu jué fǒu jué ，，，先是xiān shì xiān shì 20142014 2014 年nián nián ，，，然后rán hòu rán hòu 是shì shì 20152015 2015 年nián nián 。。。

The legislation was introduced but blocked in the Senate, first in 2014 and again in 2015.

政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 因在yīn zài yīn zài 未能wèi néng wèi néng 获得huò dé huò dé 跨kuà kuà 党派dǎng pài dǎng pài 支持zhī chí zhī chí 而ér ér 放弃fàng qì fàng qì 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 88 8 ]] ] 。。。

The government eventually abandoned the reforms after failing to secure crossbench support [1][8].

###### ### 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 的de de 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 理由lǐ yóu lǐ yóu

### Government Justification for Reforms

CoalitionCoalition Coalition 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ，，，按àn àn 国际标准guó jì biāo zhǔn guó jì biāo zhǔn 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 大学dà xué dà xué 资金不足zī jīn bù zú zī jīn bù zú ，，，放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 将jiāng jiāng 提高tí gāo tí gāo 竞争力jìng zhēng lì jìng zhēng lì 和hé hé 质量zhì liàng zhì liàng ，，，大学dà xué dà xué 需要xū yào xū yào 灵活性líng huó xìng líng huó xìng 以yǐ yǐ 在zài zài 国际guó jì guó jì 上shàng shàng 竞争jìng zhēng jìng zhēng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The Coalition argued that Australian universities were underfunded by international standards, that deregulation would increase competition and quality, and that universities needed flexibility to compete internationally [1].

他们tā men tā men 援引yuán yǐn yuán yǐn KempKemp Kemp -- - NortonNorton Norton 对duì duì 需求xū qiú xū qiú 驱动qū dòng qū dòng 型xíng xíng fundingfunding funding 的de de 审查shěn chá shěn chá 报告bào gào bào gào 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 需要xū yào xū yào 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 的de de 证据zhèng jù zhèng jù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

They cited the Kemp-Norton review into demand-driven funding as providing evidence for the need for reform [1].

###### ### DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 的de de 遗产yí chǎn yí chǎn

### The Dawkins Legacy

该gāi gāi 声明shēng míng shēng míng 忽视hū shì hū shì 了le le 19891989 1989 年nián nián HawkeHawke Hawke LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 期间qī jiān qī jiān 发生fā shēng fā shēng 的de de 基本jī běn jī běn 转变zhuǎn biàn zhuǎn biàn 。。。

The claim ignores the fundamental shift that occurred under the Hawke Labor government's Dawkins reforms in 1989.

HECSHECS HECS 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 是shì shì 由yóu yóu LaborLabor Labor 而ér ér 非fēi fēi CoalitionCoalition Coalition 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 的de de ，，，作为zuò wéi zuò wéi "" " 世界shì jiè shì jiè 首创shǒu chuàng shǒu chuàng "" " 的de de 收入shōu rù shōu rù 挂钩guà gōu guà gōu 贷款dài kuǎn dài kuǎn 计划jì huà jì huà [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

The HECS system was introduced by Labor, not the Coalition, as a "world first" income-contingent loan scheme [9].

这zhè zhè 将jiāng jiāng 大学dà xué dà xué 从cóng cóng 公立gōng lì gōng lì 资助zī zhù zī zhù 机构jī gòu jī gòu 转变zhuǎn biàn zhuǎn biàn 为wèi wèi 学生xué shēng xué shēng 承担chéng dān chéng dān 相当xiāng dāng xiāng dāng 成本chéng běn chéng běn 的de de 模式mó shì mó shì 。。。

This transformed universities from publicly-funded institutions into ones where students contributed significantly to costs.

到dào dào 19801980 1980 年代nián dài nián dài ，，，两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 达成dá chéng dá chéng 共识gòng shí gòng shí 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 由于yóu yú yóu yú 入学率rù xué lǜ rù xué lǜ 上升shàng shēng shàng shēng ，，， "" " 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi "" " 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 已yǐ yǐ 不可bù kě bù kě 持续chí xù chí xù [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

By the 1980s, there was bipartisan consensus that "free" tertiary education was untenable due to rising participation rates [9].

DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 时代shí dài shí dài "" " 将jiāng jiāng LaborLabor Labor 对duì duì 公平gōng píng gōng píng 和hé hé 平等píng děng píng děng 的de de 愿景yuàn jǐng yuàn jǐng 与yǔ yǔ 他们tā men tā men 自己zì jǐ zì jǐ 的de de 经济jīng jì jīng jì 理性主义lǐ xìng zhǔ yì lǐ xìng zhǔ yì 印记yìn jì yìn jì 融合róng hé róng hé "" " [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

The Dawkins era fused "Labor's aspiration for fairness and equality with their own stamp of economic rationalism" [9].

###### ### 20122012 2012 年nián nián LaborLabor Labor 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 名额míng é míng é 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé

### 2012 Labor Reforms Uncapped Places

20122012 2012 年nián nián ，，， GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 完全wán quán wán quán 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 了le le 学生xué shēng xué shēng 名额míng é míng é 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn ，，，开启kāi qǐ kāi qǐ 了le le "" " 需求xū qiú xū qiú 驱动qū dòng qū dòng 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì "" " ，，，大学dà xué dà xué 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 招收zhāo shōu zhāo shōu 无限wú xiàn wú xiàn 数量shù liàng shù liàng 的de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 本科běn kē běn kē 学位xué wèi xué wèi 学生xué shēng xué shēng [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

In 2012, the Gillard Labor government removed caps on student places entirely, ushering in the "demand-driven system" where universities could enroll unlimited numbers of Australian bachelor-degree students [9].

该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 于yú yú 20172017 2017 年nián nián 结束jié shù jié shù ，，，当时dāng shí dāng shí TurnbullTurnbull Turnbull CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 因yīn yīn 成本chéng běn chéng běn 暴涨bào zhǎng bào zhǎng 而ér ér 冻结dòng jié dòng jié 了le le 本科běn kē běn kē 学位xué wèi xué wèi 支出zhī chū zhī chū —— — —— — 自zì zì 20082008 2008 年nián nián 以来yǐ lái yǐ lái 实际shí jì shí jì 支出zhī chū zhī chū 增长zēng zhǎng zēng zhǎng 超过chāo guò chāo guò 50%50% 50% [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

This policy ended in 2017 when the Turnbull Coalition government froze bachelor-degree spending due to cost blowouts—spending had increased by more than 50% in real terms since 2008 [9].

###### ### 国际背景guó jì bèi jǐng guó jì bèi jǐng

### International Context

"" " 美国式měi guó shì měi guó shì 沉重chén zhòng chén zhòng 债务zhài wù zhài wù "" " 的de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng 。。。

The "American levels of crippling debt" framing is misleading.

即使jí shǐ jí shǐ 在zài zài 提议tí yì tí yì 的de de 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì 下xià xià ，，，澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 学生xué shēng xué shēng 仍réng réng 将jiāng jiāng 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú HELPHELP HELP （（（ HECSHECS HECS ）））收入shōu rù shōu rù 挂钩guà gōu guà gōu 贷款dài kuǎn dài kuǎn 制度zhì dù zhì dù ，，，只有zhǐ yǒu zhǐ yǒu 在zài zài 收入shōu rù shōu rù 达到dá dào dá dào 门槛mén kǎn mén kǎn 后hòu hòu 才cái cái 开始kāi shǐ kāi shǐ 还款hái kuǎn hái kuǎn 。。。

Even under the proposed deregulated system, Australian students would retain the HELP (HECS) income-contingent loan system where repayments only begin once income reaches a threshold.

这zhè zhè 与yǔ yǔ 美国měi guó měi guó 无论wú lùn wú lùn 收入shōu rù shōu rù 如何rú hé rú hé 都dōu dōu 需xū xū 立即lì jí lì jí 还贷huán dài huán dài 的de de 制度zhì dù zhì dù 根本gēn běn gēn běn 不同bù tóng bù tóng 。。。

This is fundamentally different from the US system of immediate loan repayments regardless of income.

来源可信度评估

原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 来源lái yuán lái yuán 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 与yǔ yǔ 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn 来源lái yuán lái yuán 的de de 混合hùn hé hùn hé ：：：

The original sources include a mix of mainstream media and opinion sources: 1. **SBS News** - Mainstream Australian broadcaster.

11 1 .. . ** * ** * SBSSBS SBS NewsNews News ** * ** * -- - 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 广播公司guǎng bō gōng sī guǎng bō gōng sī 。。。

The article is an opinion piece by Greens Senator Lee Rhiannon, so it carries the political perspective of the Greens party, which opposes fee deregulation [1]. 2. **The Guardian** - Mainstream international news outlet.

该gāi gāi 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 是shì shì 绿党lǜ dǎng lǜ dǎng 参议员cān yì yuán cān yì yuán LeeLee Lee RhiannonRhiannon Rhiannon 的de de 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng ，，，因此yīn cǐ yīn cǐ 带有dài yǒu dài yǒu 绿党lǜ dǎng lǜ dǎng 的de de 政治立场zhèng zhì lì chǎng zhèng zhì lì chǎng ，，，该党gāi dǎng gāi dǎng 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The article is an opinion piece by Luke Mansillo, a political researcher.

22 2 .. . ** * ** * TheThe The GuardianGuardian Guardian ** * ** * -- - 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 国际guó jì guó jì 新闻媒体xīn wén méi tǐ xīn wén méi tǐ 。。。

It presents modeling calculations but acknowledges assumptions [3]. 3. **Sydney Morning Herald** - Mainstream Australian newspaper.

该gāi gāi 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 是shì shì 政治zhèng zhì zhèng zhì 研究yán jiū yán jiū 人员rén yuán rén yuán LukeLuke Luke MansilloMansillo Mansillo 的de de 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 。。。

The article by Inga Ting is a news analysis piece citing OECD data and expert commentary [5]. 4. **Facebook/NTEU** - The National Tertiary Education Union is an advocacy organization representing university staff.

它tā tā 展示zhǎn shì zhǎn shì 了le le 建模jiàn mó jiàn mó 计算jì suàn jì suàn ，，，但dàn dàn 承认chéng rèn chéng rèn 了le le 假设jiǎ shè jiǎ shè 条件tiáo jiàn tiáo jiàn [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。。

As a union, it has a vested interest in opposing funding cuts and fee deregulation.

33 3 .. . ** * ** * SydneySydney Sydney MorningMorning Morning HeraldHerald Herald ** * ** * -- - 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ 。。。

The sources lean toward opposition perspectives on the reforms.

IngaInga Inga TingTing Ting 的de de 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 是shì shì 引用yǐn yòng yǐn yòng OECDOECD OECD 数据shù jù shù jù 和hé hé 专家zhuān jiā zhuān jiā 评论píng lùn píng lùn 的de de 新闻分析xīn wén fēn xī xīn wén fēn xī [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。。

The SBS and Guardian pieces are explicitly opinion/commentary rather than straight news reporting.

44 4 .. . ** * ** * FacebookFacebook Facebook // / NTEUNTEU NTEU ** * ** * -- - 全国quán guó quán guó 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 工会gōng huì gōng huì 是shì shì 代表dài biǎo dài biǎo 大学dà xué dà xué 教职员工jiào zhí yuán gōng jiào zhí yuán gōng 的de de 倡导chàng dǎo chàng dǎo 组织zǔ zhī zǔ zhī 。。。

作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 工会gōng huì gōng huì ，，，它tā tā 在zài zài 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì fundingfunding funding 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 和hé hé 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 既得利益jì dé lì yì jì dé lì yì 。。。

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 来源lái yuán lái yuán 倾向qīng xiàng qīng xiàng 于yú yú 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 的de de 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng 。。。

SBSSBS SBS 和hé hé GuardianGuardian Guardian 的de de 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 明确míng què míng què 是shì shì 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn // / 评论píng lùn píng lùn 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 直截了当zhí jié liǎo dàng zhí jié liǎo dàng 的de de 新闻报道xīn wén bào dào xīn wén bào dào 。。。

⚖️

工党对比

###### ### LaborLabor Labor 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 做过zuò guò zuò guò 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 事情shì qíng shì qíng ？？？

### Did Labor do something similar?

搜索sōu suǒ sōu suǒ 关键词guān jiàn cí guān jiàn cí ：：： "" " LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 大学dà xué dà xué 学费xué fèi xué fèi HECSHECS HECS 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ "" " 、、、 "" " GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 需求xū qiú xū qiú 驱动qū dòng qū dòng 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì "" " 、、、 "" " HawkeHawke Hawke LaborLabor Labor DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé "" "

Search conducted: "Labor government university fees HECS history", "Gillard Labor demand driven system", "Hawke Labor Dawkins reforms" **Finding:** The Coalition's proposed fee deregulation was a significant escalation in market-oriented university policy, but Labor governments had established the foundational framework that enabled such reforms.

** * ** * 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn ：：： ** * ** * CoalitionCoalition Coalition 提出tí chū tí chū 的de de 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 是shì shì 市场化shì chǎng huà shì chǎng huà 大学dà xué dà xué 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 的de de 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 升级shēng jí shēng jí ，，，但dàn dàn LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì 了le le 使shǐ shǐ 此类cǐ lèi cǐ lèi 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 成为chéng wéi chéng wéi 可能kě néng kě néng 的de de 基础jī chǔ jī chǔ 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 。。。

Key Labor precedents: 1. **1989 HECS Introduction**: The Hawke Labor government introduced the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) in 1989, ending free university education.

LaborLabor Labor 的de de 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 先例xiān lì xiān lì ：：：

This was a world-first income-contingent loan system that established the principle that students should contribute to their education costs [9]. 2. **Dawkins Reforms**: Education Minister John Dawkins transformed Australian higher education by creating a market-oriented system where universities competed internationally and operated like corporate entities.

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 19891989 1989 年nián nián HECSHECS HECS 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù ** * ** * ：：： HawkeHawke Hawke LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 于yú yú 19891989 1989 年nián nián 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 缴费jiǎo fèi jiǎo fèi 计划jì huà jì huà （（（ HECSHECS HECS ））），，，结束jié shù jié shù 了le le 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 大学dà xué dà xué 教育jiào yù jiào yù 。。。

The reforms "turned colleges into universities, free education into HECS, elite education into mass education" [9]. 3. **2012 Demand-Driven System**: The Gillard Labor government removed caps on student places entirely, allowing universities to enroll unlimited numbers of domestic students.

这是zhè shì zhè shì 世界shì jiè shì jiè 首创shǒu chuàng shǒu chuàng 的de de 收入shōu rù shōu rù 挂钩guà gōu guà gōu 贷款dài kuǎn dài kuǎn 计划jì huà jì huà ，，，确立què lì què lì 了le le 学生xué shēng xué shēng 应为yīng wèi yīng wèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 成本chéng běn chéng běn 做出zuò chū zuò chū 贡献gòng xiàn gòng xiàn 的de de 原则yuán zé yuán zé [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

This drove a 50% real increase in higher education spending between 2008-2017, eventually forcing the Abbott/Turnbull governments to freeze funding [9]. 4. **International Students**: The Hawke government introduced full-fee-paying places for international students, sparking "double-digit annual international enrolment growth rates through the 1990s" and transforming universities into revenue-seeking entities [9]. **Comparison:** While Labor introduced student contributions and market mechanisms, the Coalition's 2014 deregulation proposal went further by removing all fee caps and allowing universities to set prices freely.

22 2 .. . ** * ** * DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ** * ** * ：：：教育部长jiào yù bù zhǎng jiào yù bù zhǎng JohnJohn John DawkinsDawkins Dawkins 通过tōng guò tōng guò 创建chuàng jiàn chuàng jiàn 一个yí gè yí gè 大学dà xué dà xué 在zài zài 国际guó jì guó jì 上shàng shàng 竞争jìng zhēng jìng zhēng 、、、像xiàng xiàng 企业qǐ yè qǐ yè 实体shí tǐ shí tǐ 一样yī yàng yī yàng 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò 的de de 市场导向shì chǎng dǎo xiàng shì chǎng dǎo xiàng 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì ，，，彻底改变chè dǐ gǎi biàn chè dǐ gǎi biàn 了le le 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 。。。

The Coalition reforms also proposed charging real interest on student debt (up to 6%) rather than inflation-only indexation—a significant departure from Labor's HECS model.

改革gǎi gé gǎi gé "" " 将jiāng jiāng 学院xué yuàn xué yuàn 变成biàn chéng biàn chéng 大学dà xué dà xué ，，，将jiāng jiāng 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 变成biàn chéng biàn chéng HECSHECS HECS ，，，将jiāng jiāng 精英教育jīng yīng jiào yù jīng yīng jiào yù 变成biàn chéng biàn chéng 大众dà zhòng dà zhòng 教育jiào yù jiào yù "" " [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 20122012 2012 年nián nián 需求xū qiú xū qiú 驱动qū dòng qū dòng 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì ** * ** * ：：： GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 完全wán quán wán quán 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 了le le 学生xué shēng xué shēng 名额míng é míng é 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn ，，，允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 大学dà xué dà xué 招收zhāo shōu zhāo shōu 无限wú xiàn wú xiàn 数量shù liàng shù liàng 的de de 国内guó nèi guó nèi 学生xué shēng xué shēng 。。。

该gāi gāi 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 推动tuī dòng tuī dòng 了le le 20082008 2008 -- - 20172017 2017 年间nián jiān nián jiān 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 支出zhī chū zhī chū 实际shí jì shí jì 增长zēng zhǎng zēng zhǎng 50%50% 50% ，，，最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 迫使pò shǐ pò shǐ AbbottAbbott Abbott // / TurnbullTurnbull Turnbull 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 冻结dòng jié dòng jié fundingfunding funding [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

44 4 .. . ** * ** * 国际guó jì guó jì 学生xué shēng xué shēng ** * ** * ：：： HawkeHawke Hawke 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 为wèi wèi 国际guó jì guó jì 学生xué shēng xué shēng 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 全额quán é quán é 自费zì fèi zì fèi 名额míng é míng é ，，， "" " 在zài zài 整个zhěng gè zhěng gè 19901990 1990 年代nián dài nián dài 引发yǐn fā yǐn fā 国际guó jì guó jì 学生xué shēng xué shēng 入学率rù xué lǜ rù xué lǜ 两位数liǎng wèi shù liǎng wèi shù 的de de 年增长率nián zēng zhǎng lǜ nián zēng zhǎng lǜ "" " ，，，将jiāng jiāng 大学dà xué dà xué 转变zhuǎn biàn zhuǎn biàn 为wèi wèi 寻求xún qiú xún qiú 收入shōu rù shōu rù 的de de 实体shí tǐ shí tǐ [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

** * ** * 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào ：：： ** * ** * 虽然suī rán suī rán LaborLabor Labor 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 了le le 学生xué shēng xué shēng 缴费jiǎo fèi jiǎo fèi 和hé hé 市场机制shì chǎng jī zhì shì chǎng jī zhì ，，，但dàn dàn CoalitionCoalition Coalition 20142014 2014 年nián nián 的de de 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 提议tí yì tí yì 更进一步gèng jìn yí bù gèng jìn yí bù ，，，取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 了le le 所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 学费xué fèi xué fèi 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn 并bìng bìng 允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 大学dà xué dà xué 自由zì yóu zì yóu 定价dìng jià dìng jià 。。。

CoalitionCoalition Coalition 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 还hái hái 提议tí yì tí yì 对duì duì 学生xué shēng xué shēng 债务zhài wù zhài wù 收取shōu qǔ shōu qǔ 实际shí jì shí jì 利息lì xī lì xī （（（最高zuì gāo zuì gāo 6%6% 6% ）））而ér ér 非仅fēi jǐn fēi jǐn 按àn àn 通胀tōng zhàng tōng zhàng 指数化zhǐ shù huà zhǐ shù huà —— — —— — 这zhè zhè 与yǔ yǔ LaborLabor Labor 的de de HECSHECS HECS 模式mó shì mó shì 有yǒu yǒu 显著xiǎn zhù xiǎn zhù 不同bù tóng bù tóng 。。。

🌐

平衡视角

###### ### 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 理由lǐ yóu lǐ yóu

### Policy Rationale

AbbottAbbott Abbott 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ，，，澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 大学dà xué dà xué 在zài zài 国际guó jì guó jì 上shàng shàng 落后luò hòu luò hòu 于yú yú 竞争对手jìng zhēng duì shǒu jìng zhēng duì shǒu ，，，政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 以yǐ yǐ 以往yǐ wǎng yǐ wǎng 水平shuǐ píng shuǐ píng 资助zī zhù zī zhù 大规模dà guī mó dà guī mó 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù ，，，竞争jìng zhēng jìng zhēng 将jiāng jiāng 推动tuī dòng tuī dòng 质量zhì liàng zhì liàng 提升tí shēng tí shēng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The Abbott government argued that Australian universities were falling behind international competitors, that government couldn't afford to fund mass higher education at previous levels, and that competition would drive quality improvements [1].

他们tā men tā men 援引yuán yǐn yuán yǐn KempKemp Kemp -- - NortonNorton Norton 审查shěn chá shěn chá 的de de 证据zhèng jù zhèng jù 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 需求xū qiú xū qiú 驱动qū dòng qū dòng 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì 需要xū yào xū yào 调整tiáo zhěng tiáo zhěng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

They cited evidence from the Kemp-Norton review suggesting the demand-driven system needed adjustment [1].

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 被bèi bèi 定位dìng wèi dìng wèi 为wèi wèi 维持wéi chí wéi chí 大学dà xué dà xué 质量zhì liàng zhì liàng 和hé hé 国际guó jì guó jì 竞争力jìng zhēng lì jìng zhēng lì 的de de 必要措施bì yào cuò shī bì yào cuò shī 。。。

The reforms were framed as necessary to maintain university quality and international competitiveness.

政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū ，，，许多xǔ duō xǔ duō 学生xué shēng xué shēng 在zài zài HECSHECS HECS 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì 下xià xià 已经yǐ jīng yǐ jīng 支付zhī fù zhī fù 了le le 大量dà liàng dà liàng 费用fèi yòng fèi yòng ，，，且qiě qiě HELPHELP HELP 体系tǐ xì tǐ xì 将jiāng jiāng 保持bǎo chí bǎo chí 收入shōu rù shōu rù 挂钩guà gōu guà gōu ，，，保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 低收入dī shōu rù dī shōu rù 毕业生bì yè shēng bì yè shēng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The government noted that many students already paid significant fees under the HECS system, and that the HELP system would remain income-contingent, protecting low-income graduates [1].

###### ### 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 批评pī píng pī píng

### Legitimate Criticisms

批评者pī píng zhě pī píng zhě ，，，包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 绿党lǜ dǎng lǜ dǎng 、、、 LaborLabor Labor 和hé hé 学生xué shēng xué shēng 工会gōng huì gōng huì ，，，认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ：：：

Critics, including the Greens, Labor, and student unions, argued that: - Fee deregulation would create a two-tiered system where elite universities charged premium prices while regional universities struggled - Charging real interest on debt (rather than inflation-only) was regressive—low-income graduates who took longer to repay would pay more total interest - The proposed $5.8 billion in cuts contradicted Abbott's election promise of "no cuts to education" - Private, for-profit providers would gain access to public funding with weaker accountability [1]

-- - 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 将jiāng jiāng 造成zào chéng zào chéng 双轨制shuāng guǐ zhì shuāng guǐ zhì ，，，精英jīng yīng jīng yīng 大学dà xué dà xué 收取shōu qǔ shōu qǔ 溢价yì jià yì jià 而ér ér 地区dì qū dì qū 大学dà xué dà xué 挣扎zhēng zhá zhēng zhá

### Historical Context

-- - 对duì duì 债务zhài wù zhài wù 收取shōu qǔ shōu qǔ 实际shí jì shí jì 利息lì xī lì xī （（（而ér ér 非仅fēi jǐn fēi jǐn 通胀tōng zhàng tōng zhàng ）））是shì shì 累退lèi tuì lèi tuì 的de de —— — —— — 收入shōu rù shōu rù 较jiào jiào 低dī dī 、、、还款hái kuǎn hái kuǎn 时间shí jiān shí jiān 较长jiào zhǎng jiào zhǎng 的de de 低收入dī shōu rù dī shōu rù 毕业生bì yè shēng bì yè shēng 将jiāng jiāng 支付zhī fù zhī fù 更gèng gèng 多duō duō 总zǒng zǒng 利息lì xī lì xī

The evolution of Australian university funding has been a bipartisan journey toward greater student contribution.

-- - 提议tí yì tí yì 的de de 5858 58 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán fundingfunding funding 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 与yǔ yǔ AbbottAbbott Abbott "" " 不bù bù 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 教育jiào yù jiào yù "" " 的de de 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ 承诺chéng nuò chéng nuò 相xiāng xiāng 矛盾máo dùn máo dùn

The Whitlam Labor government introduced free education (1974), the Hawke Labor government ended it with HECS (1989), the Howard Coalition government increased fees and introduced differential pricing (1996), the Gillard Labor government uncapped places (2012), and the Abbott Coalition government attempted full deregulation (2014).

-- - 私立sī lì sī lì 营利性yíng lì xìng yíng lì xìng 提供者tí gōng zhě tí gōng zhě 将jiāng jiāng 获得huò dé huò dé publicpublic public fundingfunding funding 准入zhǔn rù zhǔn rù ，，，但dàn dàn 问责制wèn zé zhì wèn zé zhì 较弱jiào ruò jiào ruò [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]

The claim that Coalition politicians were "hypocritical" for supporting fees after receiving free education is accurate for many ministers, but ignores that the Labor governments of Hawke and Gillard also made significant changes increasing student costs—including ending free education itself.

###### ### 历史背景lì shǐ bèi jǐng lì shǐ bèi jǐng

### Outcome

澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 大学dà xué dà xué fundingfunding funding 的de de 演变yǎn biàn yǎn biàn 是shì shì 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 走向zǒu xiàng zǒu xiàng 更gèng gèng 大程度dà chéng dù dà chéng dù 学生xué shēng xué shēng 缴费jiǎo fèi jiǎo fèi 的de de 历程lì chéng lì chéng 。。。

The Coalition's fee deregulation reforms failed to pass the Senate and were eventually abandoned.

WhitlamWhitlam Whitlam LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù （（（ 19741974 1974 年nián nián ））），，， HawkeHawke Hawke LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 以yǐ yǐ HECSHECS HECS 结束jié shù jié shù 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù （（（ 19891989 1989 年nián nián ））），，， HowardHoward Howard CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 提高tí gāo tí gāo 学费xué fèi xué fèi 并bìng bìng 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù 差别chā bié chā bié 定价dìng jià dìng jià （（（ 19961996 1996 年nián nián ））），，， GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 名额míng é míng é 上限shàng xiàn shàng xiàn （（（ 20122012 2012 年nián nián ））），，， AbbottAbbott Abbott CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 尝试cháng shì cháng shì 完全wán quán wán quán 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì （（（ 20142014 2014 年nián nián ）））。。。

Universities remained in "policy limbo" until the Morrison government's 2021 "Job-Ready Graduates" reforms, which increased humanities fees to over $50,000 while cutting fees for STEM and nursing—a different approach to steering student choices through price signals [9].

关于guān yú guān yú CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政客zhèng kè zhèng kè 在zài zài 获得huò dé huò dé 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 后hòu hòu 支持zhī chí zhī chí 收费shōu fèi shōu fèi 是shì shì "" " 虚伪xū wěi xū wěi 的de de "" " 的de de 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 对duì duì 许多xǔ duō xǔ duō 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng 来说lái shuō lái shuō 是shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 的de de ，，，但dàn dàn 忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le HawkeHawke Hawke 和hé hé GillardGillard Gillard LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 也yě yě 做出zuò chū zuò chū 了le le 显著xiǎn zhù xiǎn zhù 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā 学生xué shēng xué shēng 成本chéng běn chéng běn 的de de 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 改变gǎi biàn gǎi biàn —— — —— — 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 结束jié shù jié shù 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù 本身běn shēn běn shēn 。。。

###### ### 结果jié guǒ jié guǒ

CoalitionCoalition Coalition 的de de 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 未能wèi néng wèi néng 在zài zài 参议院cān yì yuàn cān yì yuàn 通过tōng guò tōng guò ，，，最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 被bèi bèi 放弃fàng qì fàng qì 。。。

大学dà xué dà xué 陷入xiàn rù xiàn rù "" " 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 困境kùn jìng kùn jìng "" " ，，，直到zhí dào zhí dào MorrisonMorrison Morrison 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 20212021 2021 年nián nián "" " 就业jiù yè jiù yè 就绪jiù xù jiù xù 毕业生bì yè shēng bì yè shēng "" " 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ，，，该gāi gāi 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 将jiāng jiāng 人文科学rén wén kē xué rén wén kē xué 费用fèi yòng fèi yòng 提高tí gāo tí gāo 到dào dào 超过chāo guò chāo guò 55 5 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán ，，，同时tóng shí tóng shí 降低jiàng dī jiàng dī STEMSTEM STEM 和hé hé 护理hù lǐ hù lǐ 费用fèi yòng fèi yòng —— — —— — 这是zhè shì zhè shì 通过tōng guò tōng guò 价格jià gé jià gé 信号xìn hào xìn hào 引导yǐn dǎo yǐn dǎo 学生xué shēng xué shēng 选择xuǎn zé xuǎn zé 的de de 不同bù tóng bù tóng 方法fāng fǎ fāng fǎ [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

部分属实

6.0

/ 10

该gāi gāi 声明shēng míng shēng míng 包含bāo hán bāo hán 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 因素yīn sù yīn sù ，，，但dàn dàn 混合hùn hé hùn hé 了le le 已yǐ yǐ 核实hé shí hé shí 的de de 事实shì shí shì shí 、、、误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng 预测yù cè yù cè 和hé hé 缺失quē shī quē shī 的de de 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ：：：

The claim contains elements of truth but mixes verified facts with misleading projections and missing context: 1. **TRUE**: The Coalition did propose fee deregulation (though it never passed) 2. **TRUE**: Many Coalition ministers received free education during the 1974-1988 period 3. **TRUE**: OECD data shows public rate of return on tertiary education exceeds individual rate in Australia 4. **MISLEADING**: The "$100,000 degrees" projection was based on worst-case modeling assumptions; experts found Labor's campaign on this point misleading [2] 5. **UNVERIFIED**: The Abbott quote about "$25,000 of debt" appears to be from social media sources with unclear original context 6. **MISLEADING**: The claim omits that Labor governments (Hawke 1989, Gillard 2012) made major changes increasing student costs and that HECS was a Labor creation 7. **MISLEADING**: The "American levels of crippling debt" framing ignores the income-contingent HELP system that would have remained The claim presents a one-sided narrative that ignores the bipartisan history of university fee increases and the fact that the Coalition's reforms were ultimately blocked.

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí ** * ** * ：：： CoalitionCoalition Coalition 确实què shí què shí 提出tí chū tí chū 了le le 学费xué fèi xué fèi 放松fàng sōng fàng sōng 管制guǎn zhì guǎn zhì （（（尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 未wèi wèi 通过tōng guò tōng guò ）））

22 2 .. . ** * ** * 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí ** * ** * ：：：许多xǔ duō xǔ duō CoalitionCoalition Coalition 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng 在zài zài 19741974 1974 -- - 19881988 1988 年nián nián 期间qī jiān qī jiān 获得huò dé huò dé 免费miǎn fèi miǎn fèi 教育jiào yù jiào yù

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí ** * ** * ：：： OECDOECD OECD 数据shù jù shù jù 显示xiǎn shì xiǎn shì ，，，在zài zài 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà ，，，公众gōng zhòng gōng zhòng 对duì duì 高等教育gāo děng jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 的de de 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ 超过chāo guò chāo guò 个人gè rén gè rén 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ

44 4 .. . ** * ** * 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng ** * ** * ：：： "" " 1010 10 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 学位xué wèi xué wèi "" " 预测yù cè yù cè 基于jī yú jī yú 最坏zuì huài zuì huài 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 建模jiàn mó jiàn mó 假设jiǎ shè jiǎ shè ；；；专家zhuān jiā zhuān jiā 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn LaborLabor Labor 在zài zài 这点zhè diǎn zhè diǎn 上shàng shàng 的de de 宣传xuān chuán xuān chuán 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]

55 5 .. . ** * ** * 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 核实hé shí hé shí ** * ** * ：：： AbbottAbbott Abbott 关于guān yú guān yú "" " 2.52.5 2.5 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 债务zhài wù zhài wù "" " 的de de 言论yán lùn yán lùn 似乎sì hū sì hū 来自lái zì lái zì 社交shè jiāo shè jiāo 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 来源lái yuán lái yuán ，，，原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 不清bù qīng bù qīng

66 6 .. . ** * ** * 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng ** * ** * ：：：该gāi gāi 声明shēng míng shēng míng 忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ （（（ 19891989 1989 年nián nián HawkeHawke Hawke 、、、 20122012 2012 年nián nián GillardGillard Gillard ）））在zài zài 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā 学生xué shēng xué shēng 成本chéng běn chéng běn 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn 的de de 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 改变gǎi biàn gǎi biàn ，，，以及yǐ jí yǐ jí HECSHECS HECS 是shì shì LaborLabor Labor 创造chuàng zào chuàng zào 的de de

77 7 .. . ** * ** * 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng ** * ** * ：：： "" " 美国式měi guó shì měi guó shì 沉重chén zhòng chén zhòng 债务zhài wù zhài wù "" " 的de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù 忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le 本běn běn 将jiāng jiāng 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú 的de de 收入shōu rù shōu rù 挂钩guà gōu guà gōu HELPHELP HELP 制度zhì dù zhì dù

该gāi gāi 声明shēng míng shēng míng 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn 片面piàn miàn piàn miàn 的de de 叙事xù shì xù shì ，，，忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le 大学dà xué dà xué 学费xué fèi xué fèi 增长zēng zhǎng zēng zhǎng 的de de 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí CoalitionCoalition Coalition 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 被bèi bèi 阻止zǔ zhǐ zǔ zhǐ 的de de 事实shì shí shì shí 。。。

最终评分

6.0

/ 10