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评分: 6.0/10

Coalition
C0369

声明内容

“批准向一个被指控犯有战争罪行并杀害了10,000名无辜平民的国家出售武器。”
原始来源: Matthew Davis

原始来源

事实核查

** * ** * xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì -- - 确认què rèn què rèn ** * ** *
**Weapons Sales to Saudi Arabia - CONFIRMED** The Coalition government did approve military weapons sales to Saudi Arabia.
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 确实què shí què shí 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn le le xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 军事jūn shì jūn shì 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì
The Age article (March 2017) reports that "Defence has approved four military exports to the kingdom in the past year and the Australian government has led the push for more" [1].
20172017 2017 nián nián 33 3 yuè yuè de de TheThe The AgeAge Age 报道bào dào bào dào chēng chēng "" " 国防部门guó fáng bù mén guó fáng bù mén zài zài 过去guò qù guò qù 一年yī nián yī nián 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn le le 四项sì xiàng sì xiàng xiàng xiàng gāi gāi 王国wáng guó wáng guó de de 军事jūn shì jūn shì 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 澳大利亚政府ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ 一直yì zhí yì zhí zài zài 推动tuī dòng tuī dòng 增加出口zēng jiā chū kǒu zēng jiā chū kǒu "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
Defence Industry Minister Christopher Pyne personally visited Riyadh in December 2016 to "promote Australian materiel to senior government figures" [1].
国防guó fáng guó fáng 工业部长gōng yè bù zhǎng gōng yè bù zhǎng ChristopherChristopher Christopher PynePyne Pyne 20162016 2016 nián nián 1212 12 yuè yuè 亲自qīn zì qīn zì 访问fǎng wèn fǎng wèn 利雅得lì yǎ dé lì yǎ dé "" " xiàng xiàng 高级gāo jí gāo jí 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 官员guān yuán guān yuán 推销tuī xiāo tuī xiāo 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 物资wù zī wù zī "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
Most significantly, in February 2019, the ABC revealed that the Australian government granted an export licence to Electro Optic Systems (EOS), a Canberra-based defence manufacturer, to export sophisticated remote weapons systems (RWS) to Saudi Arabia [2].
zuì zuì 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào de de shì shì 20192019 2019 nián nián 22 2 yuè yuè ABCABC ABC 披露pī lù pī lù 澳大利亚政府ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ xiàng xiàng 堪培拉kān péi lā kān péi lā de de 国防guó fáng guó fáng 制造商zhì zào shāng zhì zào shāng ElectroElectro Electro OpticOptic Optic SystemsSystems Systems (( ( EOSEOS EOS )) ) 颁发bān fā bān fā le le 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 许可证xǔ kě zhèng xǔ kě zhèng xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 精密jīng mì jīng mì de de 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng RWSRWS RWS [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
These are described as "remotely operated vehicle-mounted platforms that hold cannons, machine guns and missile launchers" [2].
这些zhè xiē zhè xiē bèi bèi 描述miáo shù miáo shù wèi wèi "" " 装载zhuāng zài zhuāng zài 大炮dà pào dà pào 机枪jī qiāng jī qiāng 导弹dǎo dàn dǎo dàn 发射器fā shè qì fā shè qì de de 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 操作cāo zuò cāo zuò 车载chē zài chē zài 平台píng tái píng tái "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The ABC obtained confidential EOS board minutes showing the company signed a Letter of Intent for 500 RWS units destined for Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Interior [2].
ABCABC ABC 获得huò dé huò dé le le 保密bǎo mì bǎo mì de de EOSEOS EOS 董事会dǒng shì huì dǒng shì huì 会议纪要huì yì jì yào huì yì jì yào 显示xiǎn shì xiǎn shì gāi gāi 公司gōng sī gōng sī 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù 签署qiān shǔ qiān shǔ le le 500500 500 tào tào RWSRWS RWS 单元dān yuán dān yuán de de 意向书yì xiàng shū yì xiàng shū [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
Government financial support was substantial: the Department of Defence provided $3.7 million between 2013-2016 under the Priority Industry Capability Innovation Program (PICIP), and the export credit agency Efic provided over $33 million in performance bonds in 2018 [2]. **Yemen Civilian Deaths - CONFIRMED (approximately 10,000+)** The UN death toll claim is accurate.
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ de de 财政cái zhèng cái zhèng 支持zhī chí zhī chí shì shì 实质性shí zhì xìng shí zhì xìng de de 国防部门guó fáng bù mén guó fáng bù mén zài zài 20132013 2013 -- - 20162016 2016 年间nián jiān nián jiān 根据gēn jù gēn jù 优先yōu xiān yōu xiān 工业gōng yè gōng yè 能力néng lì néng lì 创新chuàng xīn chuàng xīn 计划jì huà jì huà PICIPPICIP PICIP 提供tí gōng tí gōng le le 370370 370 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 信贷xìn dài xìn dài 机构jī gòu jī gòu EficEfic Efic zài zài 20182018 2018 nián nián 提供tí gōng tí gōng le le 超过chāo guò chāo guò 33003300 3300 万澳元wàn ào yuán wàn ào yuán de de 履约lǚ yuē lǚ yuē 保证金bǎo zhèng jīn bǎo zhèng jīn [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The Age reports: "The United Nations recently confirmed at least 10,000 civilians had been killed in the conflict" as of March 2017 [1].
** * ** * 也门yě mén yě mén 平民píng mín píng mín 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng -- - 确认què rèn què rèn yuē yuē 1010 10 ,, , 000000 000 rén rén 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng ** * ** *
The UN did confirm this specific figure at that time. **War Crimes Allegations - CONFIRMED** Saudi Arabia was accused of committing war crimes in Yemen.
联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó de de 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 人数rén shù rén shù 统计tǒng jì tǒng jì shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què de de
The UN warned that "some coalition attacks 'may amount to war crimes'" [1].
TheThe The AgeAge Age 报道bào dào bào dào chēng chēng "" " 联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó 最近zuì jìn zuì jìn 确认què rèn què rèn 截至jié zhì jié zhì 20172017 2017 nián nián 33 3 yuè yuè 冲突chōng tū chōng tū zhōng zhōng 至少zhì shǎo zhì shǎo yǒu yǒu 1010 10 ,, , 000000 000 míng míng 平民píng mín píng mín 丧生sàng shēng sàng shēng "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
The ABC notes that Saudi Arabia "is plagued by allegations of human rights atrocities committed as part of the controversial conflict" [2].
联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó 当时dāng shí dāng shí 确实què shí què shí 确认què rèn què rèn le le zhè zhè 具体jù tǐ jù tǐ 数字shù zì shù zì
The UK House of Lords had declared British weapons sales to Saudi Arabia potentially violated international law [1][2].
** * ** * 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng 指控zhǐ kòng zhǐ kòng -- - 确认què rèn què rèn ** * ** *
沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó bèi bèi 指控zhǐ kòng zhǐ kòng zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 犯下fàn xià fàn xià 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng
联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó 警告jǐng gào jǐng gào shuō shuō "" " 一些yī xiē yī xiē 联军lián jūn lián jūn 袭击xí jī xí jī '' ' 可能kě néng kě néng 构成gòu chéng gòu chéng 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng '' ' "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
ABCABC ABC 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó "" " yīn yīn 参与cān yù cān yù 邻国lín guó lín guó 也门yě mén yě mén yǒu yǒu 争议zhēng yì zhēng yì de de 冲突chōng tū chōng tū ér ér 犯下fàn xià fàn xià de de 人权rén quán rén quán 暴行bào xíng bào xíng 指控zhǐ kòng zhǐ kòng ér ér 备受bèi shòu bèi shòu 困扰kùn rǎo kùn rǎo "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
英国上议院yīng guó shàng yì yuàn yīng guó shàng yì yuàn 宣布xuān bù xuān bù 英国yīng guó yīng guó xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 可能kě néng kě néng 违反wéi fǎn wéi fǎn 国际法guó jì fǎ guó jì fǎ [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]

缺失背景

然而rán ér rán ér gāi gāi 主张zhǔ zhāng zhǔ zhāng de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù 需要xū yào xū yào 大量dà liàng dà liàng 解读jiě dú jiě dú
However, the claim's framing requires significant unpacking:
###### ### 11 1 .. . 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng de de 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì
### 1. Nature of Weapons Systems Exported
虽然suī rán suī rán "" " 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì "" " 一词yī cí yī cí 在技术上zài jì shù shàng zài jì shù shàng shì shì 正确zhèng què zhèng què de de dàn dàn 缺少quē shǎo quē shǎo le le 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng
While the term "weapons" is technically correct, important context is missing.
ABCABC ABC jiāng jiāng 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 物品wù pǐn wù pǐn 确定què dìng què dìng wèi wèi "" " 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng "" " RWSRWS RWS 用于yòng yú yòng yú 安装ān zhuāng ān zhuāng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì de de 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 操作cāo zuò cāo zuò 平台píng tái píng tái ér ér fēi fēi 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 本身běn shēn běn shēn [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The ABC identifies the exported items as "remote weapons systems" (RWS) - remotely operated platforms designed for mounting weapons, not weapons themselves [2].
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ EOSEOS EOS 辩称biàn chēng biàn chēng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē shì shì ** * 防御性fáng yù xìng fáng yù xìng ** * 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng
The government and EOS argued these were *defensive* systems.
EOSEOS EOS 首席shǒu xí shǒu xí 执行官zhí xíng guān zhí xíng guān BenBen Ben GreeneGreene Greene 表示biǎo shì biǎo shì "" " 既然jì rán jì rán 提到tí dào tí dào 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù 值得注意zhí de zhù yì zhí de zhù yì de de shì shì zài zài [[ [ 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó ]] ] 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù MOIMOI MOI de de 授权shòu quán shòu quán 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi zhǐ zhǐ 主权zhǔ quán zhǔ quán 边界biān jiè biān jiè 因此yīn cǐ yīn cǐ 根据gēn jù gēn jù 定义dìng yì dìng yì 任何人rèn hé rén rèn hé rén xiàng xiàng 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù 提供tí gōng tí gōng de de 国防guó fáng guó fáng 物品wù pǐn wù pǐn dōu dōu 不会bú huì bú huì bèi bèi 部署bù shǔ bù shǔ dào dào 也门yě mén yě mén "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
EOS CEO Ben Greene stated: "Since you mention MOI, it is worth observing that in [Saudi Arabia] the mandate of MOI (Ministry of Interior) stops at the sovereign border, so by definition no defence items provided to MOI by anyone would be deployed to Yemen" [2].
这是zhè shì zhè shì 一个yí gè yí gè 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn de de 区别qū bié qū bié 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù 设备shè bèi shè bèi 理论lǐ lùn lǐ lùn shàng shàng 用于yòng yú yòng yú 国内guó nèi guó nèi 执法zhí fǎ zhí fǎ ér ér fēi fēi 也门yě mén yě mén de de 战场zhàn chǎng zhàn chǎng 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 批评者pī píng zhě pī píng zhě duì duì zhè zhè 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ de de 有效性yǒu xiào xìng yǒu xiào xìng 提出tí chū tí chū 质疑zhì yí zhì yí
This is a crucial distinction: Ministry of Interior equipment is theoretically for domestic law enforcement, not battlefield use in Yemen, though critics disputed this claim's validity.
###### ### 22 2 .. . 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 评估píng gū píng gū 流程liú chéng liú chéng
### 2. Government Assessment Process
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 确实què shí què shí 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì le le 审批shěn pī shěn pī 机制jī zhì jī zhì
The Coalition did have approval mechanisms in place.
国防部长guó fáng bù zhǎng guó fáng bù zhǎng ChristopherChristopher Christopher PynePyne Pyne 表示biǎo shì biǎo shì 军事jūn shì jūn shì 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 申请shēn qǐng shēn qǐng 受到shòu dào shòu dào "" " 严格控制yán gé kòng zhì yán gé kòng zhì "" " bìng bìng 根据gēn jù gēn jù 五项wǔ xiàng wǔ xiàng 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 评估píng gū píng gū "" " 国际guó jì guó jì 义务yì wù yì wù 国家guó jiā guó jiā 安全ān quán ān quán 人权rén quán rén quán 地区dì qū dì qū 安全ān quán ān quán 外交政策wài jiāo zhèng cè wài jiāo zhèng cè "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
Defence Minister Christopher Pyne stated that military export applications were subject to "strict controls" and assessed against five criteria: "international obligations, national security, human rights, regional security and foreign policy" [1].
国防部guó fáng bù guó fáng bù de de 官方guān fāng guān fāng 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng shì shì 所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu "" " dōu dōu 经过jīng guò jīng guò 严格yán gé yán gé de de 风险fēng xiǎn fēng xiǎn 评估píng gū píng gū 流程liú chéng liú chéng 考虑kǎo lǜ kǎo lǜ 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà de de 国际guó jì guó jì 义务yì wù yì wù 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 贸易mào yì mào yì 条约tiáo yuē tiáo yuē "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The Defence Department's official position was that all exports "were subject to rigorous risk assessment processes that consider Australia's international obligations, including the Arms Trade Treaty" [2].
然而rán ér rán ér 参议员cān yì yuán cān yì yuán RichardRichard Richard DiDi Di NataleNatale Natale 质疑zhì yí zhì yí 这一zhè yī zhè yī 流程liú chéng liú chéng 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 提供tí gōng tí gōng le le 充分chōng fèn chōng fèn 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 国防guó fáng guó fáng 官员guān yuán guān yuán 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 明确míng què míng què 声明shēng míng shēng míng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 不会bú huì bú huì zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
However, Senator Richard Di Natale challenged whether this process provided adequate guarantees, noting that Defence officials could not categorically state the weapons would not be used in Yemen [2].
###### ### 33 3 .. . 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng -- - 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 这样zhè yàng zhè yàng 做过zuò guò zuò guò
### 3. Comparative Context - Did Labor Do This?
文件wén jiàn wén jiàn 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 明确míng què míng què 提及tí jí tí jí 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ zài zài 20072007 2007 -- - 20132013 2013 nián nián 期间qī jiān qī jiān xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì de de 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng
The documents do not explicitly reference Labor government weapons sales to Saudi Arabia during their 2007-2013 period.
然而rán ér rán ér 20192019 2019 nián nián ABCABC ABC de de 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà duì duì 中东zhōng dōng zhōng dōng 市场shì chǎng shì chǎng de de 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 战略zhàn lüè zhàn lüè shì shì zài zài MalcolmMalcolm Malcolm TurnbullTurnbull Turnbull 20182018 2018 nián nián 11 1 yuè yuè 宣布xuān bù xuān bù de de 国防guó fáng guó fáng 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 战略zhàn lüè zhàn lüè xià xià 正式zhèng shì zhèng shì 确定què dìng què dìng de de [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
However, the 2019 ABC article notes that Australia's export strategy to Middle East markets was formalized under Malcolm Turnbull's Defence Export Strategy announced in January 2018 [2].
zhè zhè 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 加速jiā sù jiā sù shì shì CoalitionCoalition Coalition de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 选择xuǎn zé xuǎn zé dàn dàn xiàng xiàng 中东zhōng dōng zhōng dōng 盟友méng yǒu méng yǒu 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 国防guó fáng guó fáng de de 基础jī chǔ jī chǔ 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè hěn hěn 可能kě néng kě néng 早于zǎo yú zǎo yú CoalitionCoalition Coalition
This suggests the acceleration was a Coalition policy choice, but the baseline policy of defence exports to Middle East allies likely predates the Coalition.
文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 原则上yuán zé shàng yuán zé shàng 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì 此类cǐ lèi cǐ lèi 销售xiāo shòu xiāo shòu 只是zhǐ shì zhǐ shì CoalitionCoalition Coalition yīn yīn 也门yě mén yě mén 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ér ér 受到shòu dào shòu dào 批评pī píng pī píng
The article does not indicate Labor opposition to such sales in principle, only Coalition-specific criticism for the Yemen context.
###### ### 44 4 .. . 国际背景guó jì bèi jǐng guó jì bèi jǐng
### 4. International Context
CoalitionCoalition Coalition de de 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu
The Coalition's approach was not unique to Australia: - The **United States** provided logistical support and refuelling for the Saudi-led coalition [1], though President Obama halted sale of precision-guided technology before leaving office; President Trump reversed this decision [1] - **Britain's** arms sales to Saudi Arabia were being challenged in British courts and under investigation [1][2] - The **UAE** also received Australian RWS exports under the Coalition's approval [2]
-- - ** * ** * 美国měi guó měi guó ** * ** * wèi wèi 沙特shā tè shā tè 领导lǐng dǎo lǐng dǎo de de 联军lián jūn lián jūn 提供tí gōng tí gōng 后勤hòu qín hòu qín 支持zhī chí zhī chí 空中加油kōng zhōng jiā yóu kōng zhōng jiā yóu [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 奥巴马ào bā mǎ ào bā mǎ 总统zǒng tǒng zǒng tǒng zài zài 离任lí rèn lí rèn qián qián 停止tíng zhǐ tíng zhǐ le le 精确jīng què jīng què 制导技术zhì dǎo jì shù zhì dǎo jì shù de de 销售xiāo shòu xiāo shòu 特朗普tè lǎng pǔ tè lǎng pǔ 总统zǒng tǒng zǒng tǒng 推翻tuī fān tuī fān le le zhè zhè 决定jué dìng jué dìng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
### 5. Timing of Approvals vs. Yemen Conflict
-- - ** * ** * 英国yīng guó yīng guó ** * ** * xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu de de 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 正在zhèng zài zhèng zài 英国yīng guó yīng guó 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 受到shòu dào shòu dào 质疑zhì yí zhì yí 调查diào chá diào chá [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The Yemen conflict began in March 2015 when Saudi Arabia launched its bombing campaign [1].
-- - ** * ** * 阿联酋ā lián qiú ā lián qiú ** * ** * zài zài CoalitionCoalition Coalition 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn xià xià 获得huò dé huò dé le le 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà RWSRWS RWS 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The Coalition government approved weapons exports both *during* the conflict (2017-2019 approvals) and with knowledge of the humanitarian crisis.
###### ### 55 5 .. . 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn 时间shí jiān shí jiān 也门yě mén yě mén 冲突chōng tū chōng tū de de 时间shí jiān shí jiān 对比duì bǐ duì bǐ
By March 2017, the UN had already confirmed 10,000+ civilian deaths [1].
也门yě mén yě mén 冲突chōng tū chōng tū 始于shǐ yú shǐ yú 20152015 2015 nián nián 33 3 yuè yuè 当时dāng shí dāng shí 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 发动fā dòng fā dòng le le 轰炸hōng zhà hōng zhà 行动xíng dòng xíng dòng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
By February 2019, when the EOS licence was reported, the situation was well-documented as problematic.
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ zài zài 冲突chōng tū chōng tū 期间qī jiān qī jiān 20172017 2017 -- - 20192019 2019 nián nián 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn le le 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 并且bìng qiě bìng qiě shì shì zài zài 了解liǎo jiě liǎo jiě 人道主义rén dào zhǔ yì rén dào zhǔ yì 危机wēi jī wēi jī de de 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng xià xià 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn de de
截至jié zhì jié zhì 20172017 2017 nián nián 33 3 yuè yuè 联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó 确认què rèn què rèn 1010 10 ,, , 000000 000 多名duō míng duō míng 平民píng mín píng mín 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
dào dào 20192019 2019 nián nián 22 2 yuè yuè EOSEOS EOS 许可证xǔ kě zhèng xǔ kě zhèng bèi bèi 报道bào dào bào dào shí shí 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng bèi bèi 充分chōng fèn chōng fèn 记录jì lù jì lù wèi wèi 存在cún zài cún zài 问题wèn tí wèn tí

来源可信度评估

** * ** * TheThe The AgeAge Age PatrickPatrick Patrick BegleyBegley Begley 20172017 2017 nián nián 33 3 yuè yuè ** * ** * 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ zài zài 调查diào chá diào chá 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn 享有盛誉xiǎng yǒu shèng yù xiǎng yǒu shèng yù
**The Age (Patrick Begley, March 2017)**: Mainstream Australian newspaper with strong reputation for investigative journalism.
据称jù chēng jù chēng cóng cóng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 国防部guó fáng bù guó fáng bù 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn zhōng zhōng 获得huò dé huò dé le le 信息xìn xī xìn xī
Described as having received information from government defence ministry approvals.
报道bào dào bào dào 看起来kàn qǐ lái kàn qǐ lái 事实shì shí shì shí 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 来源lái yuán lái yuán 可靠kě kào kě kào [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
The reporting appears factual and well-sourced [1]. **ABC News (Dylan Welch, Kyle Taylor, Rebecca Trigger, February 2019)**: Australia's national broadcaster, ABC Investigations division.
** * ** * ABCABC ABC 新闻xīn wén xīn wén DylanDylan Dylan WelchWelch Welch KyleKyle Kyle TaylorTaylor Taylor RebeccaRebecca Rebecca TriggerTrigger Trigger 20192019 2019 nián nián 22 2 yuè yuè ** * ** * 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 国家guó jiā guó jiā 广播公司guǎng bō gōng sī guǎng bō gōng sī ABCABC ABC 调查diào chá diào chá 部门bù mén bù mén
Obtained confidential EOS board minutes, interviewed Defence officials, and received comment from the government.
获得huò dé huò dé le le 保密bǎo mì bǎo mì de de EOSEOS EOS 董事会dǒng shì huì dǒng shì huì 会议纪要huì yì jì yào huì yì jì yào 采访cǎi fǎng cǎi fǎng le le 国防guó fáng guó fáng 官员guān yuán guān yuán bìng bìng 收到shōu dào shōu dào le le 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ de de 评论píng lùn píng lùn
Highly credible mainstream source [2].
高度gāo dù gāo dù 可信kě xìn kě xìn de de 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 来源lái yuán lái yuán [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
Both sources are mainstream media outlets, not partisan advocacy organizations.
两个liǎng gè liǎng gè 来源lái yuán lái yuán dōu dōu shì shì 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ ér ér fēi fēi 党派dǎng pài dǎng pài xìng xìng 倡导chàng dǎo chàng dǎo 组织zǔ zhī zǔ zhī
The reporting appears balanced with direct quotes from government officials defending their position.
报道bào dào bào dào 看起来kàn qǐ lái kàn qǐ lái shì shì 平衡píng héng píng héng de de yǒu yǒu 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 官员guān yuán guān yuán wèi wèi 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng 辩护biàn hù biàn hù de de 直接zhí jiē zhí jiē 引述yǐn shù yǐn shù
🌐

平衡视角

** * ** * 批评pī píng pī píng 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn 强有力qiáng yǒu lì qiáng yǒu lì de de ** * ** *
**The Criticism Case (Strong):** Critics had legitimate concerns.
批评者pī píng zhě pī píng zhě yǒu yǒu 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ de de 担忧dān yōu dān yōu
The claim that weapons wouldn't be used in Yemen was questioned by: - Senator Richard Di Natale, who noted Defence officials refused to state categorically that weapons would not be used in Yemen conflict [2] - The UK House of Lords, which ruled British weapons sales to Saudi Arabia were likely unlawful [1][2] - Human Rights Watch director Elaine Pearson, who called for transparency: "we simply don't know, because there is no transparency" [2] - Save The Children and Medical Association for the Prevention of War, which called for total embargo on arms sales to Yemen war participants [2] The concern was that regardless of official Ministry of Interior designation, Saudi Arabia's documented use of indiscriminate airstrikes meant weapons could end up targeting civilians.
关于guān yú guān yú 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 不会bú huì bú huì zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng de de 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 受到shòu dào shòu dào le le 以下yǐ xià yǐ xià 人士rén shì rén shì de de 质疑zhì yí zhì yí
The ABC notes that Saudi Arabia's "airstrike targeting had been 'reckless at best', hitting funerals and hospitals at times" according to University of Sydney researcher Sarah Phillips [1]. **The Government's Case (Defensive but not unreasonable):** The Coalition government's position: - Remote Weapons Systems sold to Ministry of Interior have domestic law enforcement mandate, not Yemen deployment [2] - Strict assessment processes exist to prevent weapons misuse [1][2] - Defence exports are part of Australia's strategic alliance relationships [1] - The systems themselves don't cause civilian casualties - their use does [2] - Similar countries (US, UK, UAE) were doing the same [1][2] **The Factual Reality:** The core issue is **verification uncertainty rather than deliberate wrongdoing**.
-- - 参议员cān yì yuán cān yì yuán RichardRichard Richard DiDi Di NataleNatale Natale 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 国防guó fáng guó fáng 官员guān yuán guān yuán 拒绝jù jué jù jué 明确míng què míng què 声明shēng míng shēng míng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 不会bú huì bú huì zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 冲突chōng tū chōng tū zhōng zhōng 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The government had systems in place to prevent misuse, but: - Those systems could not guarantee non-deployment to Yemen [2] - Saudi Arabia had a documented history of civilian casualties from airstrikes [1] - The Ministry of Interior claim, while technically possible, was not independently verifiable - No evidence has emerged that the weapons were actually *used* in Yemen (though this absence doesn't prove non-use) **Key Complication:** By 2019, when this became public, it was already known that US House of Representatives had voted to end military assistance to Saudi Arabia [2] and the UK House of Lords had ruled British sales potentially unlawful [2].
-- - 英国上议院yīng guó shàng yì yuàn yīng guó shàng yì yuàn 裁定cái dìng cái dìng 英国yīng guó yīng guó xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 可能kě néng kě néng shì shì 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ de de [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The Coalition's decision to proceed with new approvals in this context is more difficult to defend than the 2017 approvals, when international scrutiny was less developed.
-- - 人权rén quán rén quán 观察guān chá guān chá 主任zhǔ rèn zhǔ rèn ElaineElaine Elaine PearsonPearson Pearson 呼吁hū yù hū yù 透明tòu míng tòu míng "" " 我们wǒ men wǒ men 根本gēn běn gēn běn 知道zhī dào zhī dào 因为yīn wèi yīn wèi 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 透明度tòu míng dù tòu míng dù "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 救助jiù zhù jiù zhù 儿童ér tóng ér tóng huì huì 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 预防yù fáng yù fáng 医学yī xué yī xué 协会xié huì xié huì 它们tā men tā men 呼吁hū yù hū yù duì duì 也门yě mén yě mén 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 参与cān yù cān yù guó guó 实施shí shī shí shī 全面quán miàn quán miàn 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 禁运jìn yùn jìn yùn [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
担忧dān yōu dān yōu shì shì 无论wú lùn wú lùn 官方guān fāng guān fāng de de 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù 指定zhǐ dìng zhǐ dìng 如何rú hé rú hé 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 有据可查yǒu jù kě chá yǒu jù kě chá de de 肆意sì yì sì yì 空袭kōng xí kōng xí 记录jì lù jì lù 意味着yì wèi zhe yì wèi zhe 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 可能kě néng kě néng 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 会以huì yǐ huì yǐ 平民píng mín píng mín wèi wèi 目标mù biāo mù biāo
ABCABC ABC 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 根据gēn jù gēn jù 悉尼大学xī ní dà xué xī ní dà xué 研究员yán jiū yuán yán jiū yuán SarahSarah Sarah PhillipsPhillips Phillips de de 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó de de "" " 空袭kōng xí kōng xí 目标mù biāo mù biāo 定位dìng wèi dìng wèi '' ' 往好wǎng hǎo wǎng hǎo shuō shuō shì shì 鲁莽lǔ mǎng lǔ mǎng de de '' ' 有时yǒu shí yǒu shí huì huì 击中jī zhòng jī zhòng 葬礼zàng lǐ zàng lǐ 医院yī yuàn yī yuàn "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
** * ** * 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ de de 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn 防御性fáng yù xìng fáng yù xìng dàn dàn 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 不合理bù hé lǐ bù hé lǐ ** * ** *
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ de de 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng
-- - 出售chū shòu chū shòu gěi gěi 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù de de 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 国内guó nèi guó nèi 执法zhí fǎ zhí fǎ 授权shòu quán shòu quán ér ér fēi fēi 也门yě mén yě mén 部署bù shǔ bù shǔ [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 存在cún zài cún zài 严格yán gé yán gé de de 评估píng gū píng gū 流程liú chéng liú chéng 防止fáng zhǐ fáng zhǐ 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 滥用làn yòng làn yòng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 国防guó fáng guó fáng 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu shì shì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 战略zhàn lüè zhàn lüè 联盟lián méng lián méng 关系guān xì guān xì de de 一部分yī bù fèn yī bù fèn [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
-- - 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 本身běn shēn běn shēn 不会bú huì bú huì 导致dǎo zhì dǎo zhì 平民píng mín píng mín 伤亡shāng wáng shāng wáng 它们tā men tā men de de 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng cái cái huì huì [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 类似lèi sì lèi sì 国家guó jiā guó jiā 美国měi guó měi guó 英国yīng guó yīng guó 阿联酋ā lián qiú ā lián qiú zài zài 这样zhè yàng zhè yàng zuò zuò [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
** * ** * 事实上shì shí shàng shì shí shàng de de 现实xiàn shí xiàn shí ** * ** *
核心hé xīn hé xīn 问题wèn tí wèn tí shì shì ** * ** * 核实hé shí hé shí 不确定性bù què dìng xìng bù què dìng xìng ér ér fēi fēi 蓄意xù yì xù yì 不当bù dàng bù dàng 行为xíng wéi xíng wéi ** * ** *
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 建立jiàn lì jiàn lì le le 防止fáng zhǐ fáng zhǐ 滥用làn yòng làn yòng de de 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng dàn dàn
-- - 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 保证bǎo zhèng bǎo zhèng 部署bù shǔ bù shǔ dào dào 也门yě mén yě mén [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó yǒu yǒu 空袭kōng xí kōng xí 造成zào chéng zào chéng 平民píng mín píng mín 伤亡shāng wáng shāng wáng de de 记录jì lù jì lù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
-- - 内政部nèi zhèng bù nèi zhèng bù de de 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 虽然suī rán suī rán 技术jì shù jì shù shàng shàng 可能kě néng kě néng dàn dàn 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 独立dú lì dú lì 核实hé shí hé shí
-- - 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 证据zhèng jù zhèng jù 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 实际上shí jì shàng shí jì shàng bèi bèi ** * 用于yòng yú yòng yú ** * 也门yě mén yě mén 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 缺失quē shī quē shī bìng bìng 不能bù néng bù néng 证明zhèng míng zhèng míng wèi wèi bèi bèi 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng
** * ** * 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 复杂性fù zá xìng fù zá xìng ** * ** * dào dào 20192019 2019 nián nián zhè zhè 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 公开gōng kāi gōng kāi shí shí 美国众议院měi guó zhòng yì yuàn měi guó zhòng yì yuàn 已经yǐ jīng yǐ jīng 投票决定tóu piào jué dìng tóu piào jué dìng 终止zhōng zhǐ zhōng zhǐ duì duì 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó de de 军事援助jūn shì yuán zhù jūn shì yuán zhù [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 英国上议院yīng guó shàng yì yuàn yīng guó shàng yì yuàn 裁定cái dìng cái dìng 英国yīng guó yīng guó de de 销售xiāo shòu xiāo shòu 可能kě néng kě néng shì shì 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ de de [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
CoalitionCoalition Coalition 决定jué dìng jué dìng zài zài 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng xià xià 继续jì xù jì xù 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn xīn xīn de de 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 20172017 2017 nián nián de de 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn gèng gèng 难以nán yǐ nán yǐ 辩护biàn hù biàn hù 当时dāng shí dāng shí 国际guó jì guó jì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 尚未shàng wèi shàng wèi 如此rú cǐ rú cǐ 发达fā dá fā dá

部分属实

6.0

/ 10

gāi gāi 主张zhǔ zhāng zhǔ zhāng de de 基本jī běn jī běn 事实shì shí shì shí 基本上jī běn shàng jī běn shàng shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què de de
The facts underlying the claim are essentially accurate: - ✅ Coalition government approved weapons sales to Saudi Arabia: TRUE [1][2] - ✅ Sales occurred during Yemen conflict: TRUE [1][2] - ✅ Saudi Arabia accused of war crimes in Yemen: TRUE [1][2] - ✅ ~10,000 civilian deaths confirmed by UN: TRUE [1] **However, the claim's framing is misleading in three ways:** 1. **Oversimplifies the weapons nature**: These were remote weapons *systems* (platforms), not standalone weapons, and the government argued these were defensive/domestic law enforcement tools, not offensive Yemen weapons 2. **Implies knowing complicity**: The claim suggests the Coalition knowingly approved weapons "for" war crimes.
-- - CoalitionCoalition Coalition 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 出售chū shòu chū shòu 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 属实shǔ shí shǔ shí [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The reality is the Coalition approved weapons for a controversial ally while claiming assessment processes prevented misuse—a risk decision rather than deliberate facilitation 3. **Ignores that the core issue is verification**: The real scandal isn't that Australia sold weapons systems (other democracies did), but that Australia provided weapons to an actor with documented civilian casualty issues while unable to guarantee non-deployment to conflict zones **The more accurate claim would be:** "Approved military export licences to Saudi Arabia during the Yemen conflict despite documented civilian casualties and international concern about war crimes, while unable to guarantee the weapons would not be deployed to Yemen." This is still critical but more precise and acknowledges the nuance of the decision.
-- - 销售xiāo shòu xiāo shòu 发生fā shēng fā shēng zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 冲突chōng tū chōng tū 期间qī jiān qī jiān 属实shǔ shí shǔ shí [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó bèi bèi 指控zhǐ kòng zhǐ kòng zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 犯有fàn yǒu fàn yǒu 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng 属实shǔ shí shǔ shí [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
-- - 联合国lián hé guó lián hé guó 确认què rèn què rèn de de yuē yuē 1010 10 ,, , 000000 000 míng míng 平民píng mín píng mín 死亡sǐ wáng sǐ wáng 属实shǔ shí shǔ shí [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
** * ** * 然而rán ér rán ér gāi gāi 主张zhǔ zhāng zhǔ zhāng de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù zài zài 三个sān gè sān gè 方面fāng miàn fāng miàn 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng ** * ** *
11 1 .. . ** * ** * 过度guò dù guò dù 简化jiǎn huà jiǎn huà 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì ** * ** * 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē shì shì 远程yuǎn chéng yuǎn chéng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì ** * 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng ** * 平台píng tái píng tái ér ér fēi fēi 独立dú lì dú lì 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 辩称biàn chēng biàn chēng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē shì shì 防御性fáng yù xìng fáng yù xìng // / 国内guó nèi guó nèi 执法zhí fǎ zhí fǎ 工具gōng jù gōng jù ér ér fēi fēi 用于yòng yú yòng yú 也门yě mén yě mén de de 进攻性jìn gōng xìng jìn gōng xìng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì
22 2 .. . ** * ** * 暗示àn shì àn shì 明知故犯míng zhī gù fàn míng zhī gù fàn de de 共谋gòng móu gòng móu ** * ** * gāi gāi 主张zhǔ zhāng zhǔ zhāng 暗示àn shì àn shì CoalitionCoalition Coalition 明知故犯míng zhī gù fàn míng zhī gù fàn 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì "" " 用于yòng yú yòng yú "" " 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng
现实情况xiàn shí qíng kuàng xiàn shí qíng kuàng shì shì CoalitionCoalition Coalition zài zài 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 评估píng gū píng gū 流程liú chéng liú chéng 防止fáng zhǐ fáng zhǐ 滥用làn yòng làn yòng de de 同时tóng shí tóng shí 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn le le xiàng xiàng 一个yí gè yí gè yǒu yǒu 争议zhēng yì zhēng yì de de 盟友méng yǒu méng yǒu 提供tí gōng tí gōng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 这是zhè shì zhè shì 一种yī zhǒng yī zhǒng 风险fēng xiǎn fēng xiǎn 决策jué cè jué cè ér ér fēi fēi 蓄意xù yì xù yì 协助xié zhù xié zhù
33 3 .. . ** * ** * 忽视hū shì hū shì le le 核心hé xīn hé xīn 问题wèn tí wèn tí shì shì 核实hé shí hé shí ** * ** * 真正zhēn zhèng zhēn zhèng de de 丑闻chǒu wén chǒu wén 不是bú shì bú shì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 出售chū shòu chū shòu le le 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 其他qí tā qí tā 民主mín zhǔ mín zhǔ 国家guó jiā guó jiā 这样zhè yàng zhè yàng zuò zuò 而是ér shì ér shì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà xiàng xiàng yǒu yǒu 记录jì lù jì lù de de 平民píng mín píng mín 伤亡shāng wáng shāng wáng 问题wèn tí wèn tí de de 行为xíng wéi xíng wéi zhě zhě 提供tí gōng tí gōng 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 同时tóng shí tóng shí 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 保证bǎo zhèng bǎo zhèng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 不会bú huì bú huì bèi bèi 部署bù shǔ bù shǔ dào dào 冲突地区chōng tū dì qū chōng tū dì qū
** * ** * gèng gèng 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què de de 主张zhǔ zhāng zhǔ zhāng 应该yīng gāi yīng gāi shì shì ** * ** * "" " 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn yǒu yǒu 记录jì lù jì lù de de 平民píng mín píng mín 伤亡shāng wáng shāng wáng 国际guó jì guó jì 社会shè huì shè huì duì duì 战争zhàn zhēng zhàn zhēng 罪行zuì xíng zuì xíng de de 担忧dān yōu dān yōu réng réng zài zài 也门yě mén yě mén 冲突chōng tū chōng tū 期间qī jiān qī jiān 批准pī zhǔn pī zhǔn xiàng xiàng 沙特阿拉伯shā tè ā lā bó shā tè ā lā bó 颁发bān fā bān fā 军事jūn shì jūn shì 出口chū kǒu chū kǒu 许可证xǔ kě zhèng xǔ kě zhèng 同时tóng shí tóng shí 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 保证bǎo zhèng bǎo zhèng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 武器wǔ qì wǔ qì 不会bú huì bú huì bèi bèi 部署bù shǔ bù shǔ dào dào 也门yě mén yě mén
"" "
zhè zhè 仍然réng rán réng rán 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 批评性pī píng xìng pī píng xìng dàn dàn gèng gèng 精确jīng què jīng què bìng bìng 承认chéng rèn chéng rèn le le 决策jué cè jué cè de de 细微差别xì wēi chā bié xì wēi chā bié

📚 来源与引用 (2)

  1. 1
    Australia selling military equipment to Saudi Arabia during brutal Yemen conflict

    Australia selling military equipment to Saudi Arabia during brutal Yemen conflict

    Australian firms have secured contracts to supply military equipment to Saudi Arabia, an autocracy accused of ongoing war crimes in a conflict that has killed more than 10,000 civilians.

    The Age
  2. 2
    Australian Government under fire over export of weapons system to war crime-accused Saudi Arabia

    Australian Government under fire over export of weapons system to war crime-accused Saudi Arabia

    The Federal Government is under fire for a licence granted to a Canberra company exporting a weapons system destined for Saudi Arabia, a country plagued by allegations of human rights atrocities committed as part of the controversial conflict in neighbouring Yemen.

    Abc Net

评分方法

1-3: 不实

事实错误或恶意捏造。

4-6: 部分属实

有一定真实性,但缺乏背景或有所偏颇。

7-9: 基本属实

仅有微小的技术性或措辞问题。

10: 准确

完全经过验证且客观公正。

方法论: 评分通过交叉参照政府官方记录、独立事实核查机构和原始文件确定。