属实

评分: 7.0/10

Coalition
C0854

声明内容

“提议废除防止媒体垄断和双头垄断的法规。”
原始来源: Matthew Davis

原始来源

✅ 事实核查

** * ** * 正确zhèng què zhèng què ** * ** * -- - 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 确实què shí què shí 提议tí yì tí yì 对duì duì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 法规fǎ guī fǎ guī 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ,, , 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
**TRUE** - The Coalition government did propose significant changes to Australia's media ownership regulations, including the removal of the "two out of three" rule [1][2].
"" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 是shì shì 19921992 1992 年nián nián 《《 《 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 服务fú wù fú wù 法fǎ fǎ 》》 》 的de de 一项yī xiàng yī xiàng 条款tiáo kuǎn tiáo kuǎn ,, , 阻止zǔ zhǐ zǔ zhǐ 任何rèn hé rèn hé 单一dān yī dān yī 公司gōng sī gōng sī 控制kòng zhì kòng zhì 单一dān yī dān yī 市场shì chǎng shì chǎng 中zhōng zhōng 三个sān gè sān gè 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 平台píng tái píng tái (( ( 商业shāng yè shāng yè 电视diàn shì diàn shì 、、 、 商业shāng yè shāng yè 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 和hé hé 关联guān lián guān lián 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ )) ) 中zhōng zhōng 的de de 两个liǎng gè liǎng gè 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。 。
The "two out of three" rule was a provision of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 that prevented any single company from controlling more than two of the three main media platforms (commercial television, commercial radio, and associated newspapers) in any single market [1].
该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 旨在zhǐ zài zhǐ zài 确保què bǎo què bǎo 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 多样性duō yàng xìng duō yàng xìng 并bìng bìng 防止fáng zhǐ fáng zhǐ 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 过度guò dù guò dù 集中jí zhōng jí zhōng 。。 。
This rule was designed to ensure media diversity and prevent excessive concentration of media ownership.
20142014 2014 年nián nián ,, , 通讯tōng xùn tōng xùn 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng MalcolmMalcolm Malcolm TurnbullTurnbull Turnbull 宣布xuān bù xuān bù 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 打算dǎ suàn dǎ suàn 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 法fǎ fǎ ,, , 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 的de de 其他qí tā qí tā "" " 覆盖范围fù gài fàn wéi fù gài fàn wéi 规则guī zé guī zé "" " [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
In 2014, Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced the government's intention to reform media ownership laws, which included repealing the "two out of three" rule along with other "reach rules" that limited media ownership [2].
虽然suī rán suī rán 最初zuì chū zuì chū 的de de 努力nǔ lì nǔ lì 陷入xiàn rù xiàn rù 停滞tíng zhì tíng zhì ,, , 但dàn dàn 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 于yú yú 20172017 2017 年nián nián 99 9 月yuè yuè 在zài zài 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 和hé hé LaborLabor Labor 反对党fǎn duì dǎng fǎn duì dǎng 的de de 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 下xià xià 获得huò dé huò dé 通过tōng guò tōng guò [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
While initial attempts stalled, the reforms were eventually passed in September 2017 with bipartisan support from the Turnbull government and the Labor opposition [3].
成为chéng wéi chéng wéi 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò :: :
The reforms that became law included: - Abolition of the "two out of three" rule - Abolition of the 75% audience reach rule (which prevented networks from broadcasting to more than 75% of the population) - Retention of the "5/4" rule (limiting minimum number of media voices in a market) [4]
-- - 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" "
-- - 废除fèi chú fèi chú 75%75% 75% 受众shòu zhòng shòu zhòng 覆盖fù gài fù gài 规则guī zé guī zé (( ( 阻止zǔ zhǐ zǔ zhǐ 网络wǎng luò wǎng luò 向xiàng xiàng 超过chāo guò chāo guò 75%75% 75% 的de de 人口rén kǒu rén kǒu 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō )) )
-- - 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú "" " 55 5 // / 44 4 规则guī zé guī zé "" " (( ( 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 市场shì chǎng shì chǎng 中zhōng zhōng 最低zuì dī zuì dī 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 声音shēng yīn shēng yīn 数量shù liàng shù liàng )) ) [[ [ 44 4 ]] ]

缺失背景

该gāi gāi 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 忽略hū lüè hū lüè 了le le 几个jǐ gè jǐ gè 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 的de de 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 要素yào sù yào sù :: :
The claim omits several crucial contextual elements: **1.
** * ** * 11 1 .. . 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 的de de 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí ** * ** * :: : 虽然suī rán suī rán 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 启动qǐ dòng qǐ dòng 了le le 这zhè zhè 一yī yī 进程jìn chéng jìn chéng ,, , 但dàn dàn 20172017 2017 年nián nián 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 的de de 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 通过tōng guò tōng guò 需要xū yào xū yào 并bìng bìng 获得huò dé huò dé LaborLabor Labor 的de de 支持zhī chí zhī chí 。。 。
Bipartisan Support for Final Reforms**: While the Coalition initiated the process, the eventual passage of the media reforms in 2017 required and received Labor's support.
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 与yǔ yǔ 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 达成协议dá chéng xié yì dá chéng xié yì ,, , 通过tōng guò tōng guò 包含bāo hán bāo hán 修订xiū dìng xiū dìng 条款tiáo kuǎn tiáo kuǎn 的de de 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ ,, , 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā 公共利益gōng gòng lì yì gōng gòng lì yì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 资金zī jīn zī jīn 和hé hé 提高tí gāo tí gāo 本地běn dì běn dì 内容nèi róng nèi róng 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
The ALP struck a deal with the government to pass the legislation with amendments, including increased funding for public interest journalism and enhanced local content requirements [3]. **2.
** * ** * 22 2 .. . 数字shù zì shù zì 颠覆diān fù diān fù 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ** * ** * :: : 该gāi gāi 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 未wèi wèi 提及tí jí tí jí 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 及jí jí 行业háng yè háng yè 专家zhuān jiā zhuān jiā 普遍认为pǔ biàn rèn wéi pǔ biàn rèn wéi 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 已因yǐ yīn yǐ yīn 数字shù zì shù zì 颠覆diān fù diān fù 而ér ér 过时guò shí guò shí 。。 。
Digital Disruption Context**: The claim doesn't mention that these laws were widely considered outdated by both major parties and industry experts due to digital disruption.
"" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 设计shè jì shè jì 于yú yú 19801980 1980 -- - 19901990 1990 年代nián dài nián dài ,, , 当时dāng shí dāng shí 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 平台píng tái píng tái 是shì shì 独立dú lì dú lì 的de de 。。 。
The "two out of three" rule was designed in the 1980s-1990s when media platforms were distinct.
到dào dào 20102010 2010 年代nián dài nián dài ,, , 互联网hù lián wǎng hù lián wǎng 已yǐ yǐ 根本gēn běn gēn běn 改变gǎi biàn gǎi biàn 了le le 澳大利亚人ào dà lì yà rén ào dà lì yà rén 消费xiāo fèi xiāo fèi 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 的de de 方式fāng shì fāng shì ,, , GoogleGoogle Google 、、 、 FacebookFacebook Facebook 和hé hé 流媒体liú méi tǐ liú méi tǐ 服务fú wù fú wù 主导zhǔ dǎo zhǔ dǎo 内容nèi róng nèi róng 分发fēn fā fēn fā —— — —— — 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 实体shí tǐ shí tǐ 不bù bù 受shòu shòu 同样tóng yàng tóng yàng 的de de 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 约束yuē shù yuē shù [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
By the 2010s, the internet had fundamentally changed how Australians consumed media, with Google, Facebook, and streaming services dominating content distribution - entities not subject to the same ownership restrictions [4]. **3.
** * ** * 33 3 .. . 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú 公共利益gōng gòng lì yì gōng gòng lì yì 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù ** * ** * :: : 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú 了le le "" " 55 5 // / 44 4 规则guī zé guī zé "" " (( ( 都市dū shì dū shì 地区dì qū dì qū 最少zuì shǎo zuì shǎo 55 5 个gè gè 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 声音shēng yīn shēng yīn ,, , 地区dì qū dì qū 44 4 个gè gè )) ) ,, , 并bìng bìng 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā 了le le 新xīn xīn 的de de 地区dì qū dì qū 本地běn dì běn dì 内容nèi róng nèi róng 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng 措施cuò shī cuò shī [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
Public Interest Protections Retained**: The reforms retained the "5/4" rule (minimum 5 media voices in metro areas, 4 in regional) and added new safeguards for local content, particularly in regional areas [4]. **4.
** * ** * 44 4 .. . 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 危机wēi jī wēi jī 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ** * ** * :: : 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 部分bù fèn bù fèn 源于yuán yú yuán yú 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 面临miàn lín miàn lín 的de de 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 危机wēi jī wēi jī ,, , 许多xǔ duō xǔ duō 机构jī gòu jī gòu 财务状况cái wù zhuàng kuàng cái wù zhuàng kuàng strugglingstruggling struggling 。。 。
Regional Media Crisis Context**: The reforms were partly motivated by a genuine crisis in regional media, where many outlets were struggling financially.
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ,, , 整合zhěng hé zhěng hé 将jiāng jiāng 使shǐ shǐ 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 公司gōng sī gōng sī 获得huò dé huò dé 必要bì yào bì yào 的de de 规模guī mó guī mó 经济效益jīng jì xiào yì jīng jì xiào yì ,, , 以yǐ yǐ 在zài zài 全球quán qiú quán qiú 数字shù zì shù zì 竞争对手jìng zhēng duì shǒu jìng zhēng duì shǒu 面前miàn qián miàn qián 生存shēng cún shēng cún [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
The government argued that consolidation would allow regional media companies to achieve economies of scale necessary to survive against global digital competitors [2].

来源可信度评估

** * ** * CrikeyCrikey Crikey .. . comcom com .. . auau au ** * ** * :: : 原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 来源lái yuán lái yuán 是shì shì CrikeyCrikey Crikey ,, , 由yóu yóu StephenStephen Stephen MayneMayne Mayne 创立chuàng lì chuàng lì 的de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 出版物chū bǎn wù chū bǎn wù 。。 。
**Crikey.com.au**: The original source is Crikey, an Australian online news publication founded by Stephen Mayne.
CrikeyCrikey Crikey 定位dìng wèi dìng wèi 为wèi wèi 独立dú lì dú lì 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ ,, , 经常jīng cháng jīng cháng 批评pī píng pī píng 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ ,, , 特别tè bié tè bié 是shì shì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 集团jí tuán jí tuán 。。 。
Crikey positions itself as independent and often critical of mainstream media, particularly News Corporation.
它tā tā 采用cǎi yòng cǎi yòng 订阅dìng yuè dìng yuè 模式mó shì mó shì 运营yùn yíng yùn yíng ,, , 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ 上shàng shàng 在zài zài 编辑biān jí biān jí 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng 上shàng shàng 偏左piān zuǒ piān zuǒ [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。 。
It operates on a subscription model and has historically been left-leaning in its editorial stance [5]. **Assessment**: Crikey is a legitimate news outlet but is generally considered center-left to left-wing in its political orientation.
** * ** * 评估píng gū píng gū ** * ** * :: : CrikeyCrikey Crikey 是shì shì 合法hé fǎ hé fǎ 的de de 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 机构jī gòu jī gòu ,, , 但dàn dàn 通常tōng cháng tōng cháng 被bèi bèi 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 在zài zài 政治zhèng zhì zhèng zhì 倾向qīng xiàng qīng xiàng 上shàng shàng 属于shǔ yú shǔ yú 中间zhōng jiān zhōng jiān 偏左piān zuǒ piān zuǒ 到dào dào 左翼zuǒ yì zuǒ yì 。。 。
The headline "Removal of two-out-of-three ain't bad for News Corp" suggests a particular framing focused on potential benefits to Rupert Murdoch's media empire.
标题biāo tí biāo tí "" " 废除fèi chú fèi chú 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé 对duì duì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 集团jí tuán jí tuán 不bù bù 坏huài huài "" " 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 了le le 一种yī zhǒng yī zhǒng 特定tè dìng tè dìng 的de de 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià ,, , 关注guān zhù guān zhù 对duì duì RupertRupert Rupert MurdochMurdoch Murdoch 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 帝国dì guó dì guó 的de de 潜在qián zài qián zài 利益lì yì lì yì 。。 。
While the factual basis of the article is likely accurate, the framing is selective and critical of the government proposal [5].
虽然suī rán suī rán 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 的de de factualfactual factual 基础jī chǔ jī chǔ 可能kě néng kě néng 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què ,, , 但dàn dàn 其qí qí 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 是shì shì 选择性xuǎn zé xìng xuǎn zé xìng 的de de ,, , 对duì duì 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 提案tí àn tí àn 持chí chí 批评pī píng pī píng 态度tài dù tài dù [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。 。
Crikey has at times been described as "muckraking" or "activist journalism" - valuable for transparency but not necessarily balanced in its presentation of policy debates.
CrikeyCrikey Crikey 有时yǒu shí yǒu shí 被bèi bèi 描述miáo shù miáo shù 为wèi wèi "" " 揭丑jiē chǒu jiē chǒu "" " 或huò huò "" " 活动huó dòng huó dòng 新闻xīn wén xīn wén "" " —— — —— — 对duì duì 透明度tòu míng dù tòu míng dù 有yǒu yǒu 价值jià zhí jià zhí ,, , 但dàn dàn 在zài zài 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 辩论biàn lùn biàn lùn 的de de 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn 上shàng shàng 不bù bù 一定yí dìng yí dìng 平衡píng héng píng héng 。。 。
The February 2014 article appears focused on the potential benefits to News Corp rather than providing comprehensive analysis of the policy rationale.
20142014 2014 年nián nián 22 2 月yuè yuè 的de de 文章wén zhāng wén zhāng 似乎sì hū sì hū 关注guān zhù guān zhù 对duì duì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 集团jí tuán jí tuán 的de de 潜在qián zài qián zài 利益lì yì lì yì ,, , 而ér ér 非fēi fēi 提供tí gōng tí gōng 全面quán miàn quán miàn 的de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 依据yī jù yī jù 分析fēn xī fēn xī 。。 。
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工党对比

** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 做过zuò guò zuò guò 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 事情shì qíng shì qíng ?? ?
**Did Labor do something similar?** Search conducted: "Labor government media ownership reform Australia" **Finding**: Labor has historically supported and enacted media ownership reforms, including the original framework that included the "two out of three" rule.
** * ** *
The Hawke and Keating Labor governments (1983-1996) actually initiated the major media ownership liberalization that created the environment for cross-media ownership.
搜索sōu suǒ sōu suǒ 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng :: : "" " LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé "" "
The Broadcasting Services Act 1992, which included the "two out of three" rule as a compromise, was Labor legislation [6].
** * ** * 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn ** * ** * :: : LaborLabor Labor 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ 上shàng shàng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 和hé hé 实施shí shī shí shī 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ,, , 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 包含bāo hán bāo hán "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 的de de 原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 。。 。
More importantly, as noted above, the 2017 repeal of the "two out of three" rule was passed with **Labor's active support and cooperation**.
霍克huò kè huò kè 和hé hé 基廷jī tíng jī tíng LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ (( ( 19831983 1983 -- - 19961996 1996 )) ) 实际上shí jì shàng shí jì shàng 启动qǐ dòng qǐ dòng 了le le 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 自由化zì yóu huà zì yóu huà ,, , 创造chuàng zào chuàng zào 了le le 跨媒体kuà méi tǐ kuà méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 的de de 环境huán jìng huán jìng 。。 。
The ALP negotiated amendments but ultimately voted for the legislation [3].
包含bāo hán bāo hán "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 妥协tuǒ xié tuǒ xié 的de de 19921992 1992 年nián nián 《《 《 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 服务fú wù fú wù 法fǎ fǎ 》》 》 是shì shì LaborLabor Labor 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。 。
This demonstrates that by 2017, both major parties had converged on the view that the "two out of three" rule was no longer serving its intended purpose in the digital age.
更gèng gèng 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 的de de 是shì shì ,, , 如上所述rú shàng suǒ shù rú shàng suǒ shù ,, , 20172017 2017 年nián nián 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 是shì shì 在zài zài ** * ** * LaborLabor Labor 的de de 积极支持jī jí zhī chí jī jí zhī chí 和hé hé 合作hé zuò hé zuò 下xià xià ** * ** * 通过tōng guò tōng guò 的de de 。。 。
Labor governments have also been criticized for their own media policy decisions, including: - The Hawke government's 1986 decision to allow Murdoch to acquire the Herald and Weekly Times (creating Australia's largest media company) - The Keating government's media ownership framework that critics argued was too permissive - The Rudd and Gillard governments' consideration of further media reforms
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 谈判tán pàn tán pàn 修订xiū dìng xiū dìng 条款tiáo kuǎn tiáo kuǎn ,, , 但dàn dàn 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 投票tóu piào tóu piào 支持zhī chí zhī chí 该gāi gāi 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
这zhè zhè 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng ,, , 到dào dào 20172017 2017 年nián nián ,, , 两大liǎng dà liǎng dà 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 已达成yǐ dá chéng yǐ dá chéng 共识gòng shí gòng shí ,, , 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 在zài zài 数字shù zì shù zì 时代shí dài shí dài 已yǐ yǐ 不再bù zài bù zài 发挥fā huī fā huī 其qí qí 预期yù qī yù qī 作用zuò yòng zuò yòng 。。 。
LaborLabor Labor 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 也yě yě 因yīn yīn 自身zì shēn zì shēn 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 决策jué cè jué cè 受到shòu dào shòu dào 批评pī píng pī píng ,, , 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò :: :
-- - 霍克huò kè huò kè 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 在zài zài 19861986 1986 年nián nián 决定jué dìng jué dìng 允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 默多克mò duō kè mò duō kè 收购shōu gòu shōu gòu 先驱xiān qū xiān qū 和hé hé 周刊zhōu kān zhōu kān 时报shí bào shí bào (( ( 创建chuàng jiàn chuàng jiàn 了le le 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 最大zuì dà zuì dà 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 公司gōng sī gōng sī )) )
-- - 基廷jī tíng jī tíng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 被批评者bèi pī píng zhě bèi pī píng zhě 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 过于guò yú guò yú 宽松kuān sōng kuān sōng
-- - 陆克文lù kè wén lù kè wén 和hé hé 吉拉德jí lā dé jí lā dé 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 考虑kǎo lǜ kǎo lǜ 的de de 进一步jìn yí bù jìn yí bù 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé
🌐

平衡视角

尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 20142014 2014 年nián nián 和hé hé 20172017 2017 年nián nián 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 的de de 批评者pī píng zhě pī píng zhě 对duì duì 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 集中化jí zhōng huà jí zhōng huà 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 大型dà xíng dà xíng 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ (( ( 特别tè bié tè bié 是shì shì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 集团jí tuán jí tuán )) ) 可能kě néng kě néng 进一步jìn yí bù jìn yí bù 整合zhěng hé zhěng hé 提出tí chū tí chū 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 关切guān qiè guān qiè ,, , 但dàn dàn 完整wán zhěng wán zhěng 的de de 故事gù shì gù shì 还hái hái 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 的de de 反驳fǎn bó fǎn bó 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn :: :
While critics of the 2014 and 2017 reforms raised legitimate concerns about media concentration and the potential for further consolidation benefiting large players (particularly News Corp), the full story includes important counterpoints: **Legitimate Policy Rationale**: The government argued that the "two out of three" rule was anachronistic in the internet age.
** * ** * 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 的de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 依据yī jù yī jù ** * ** * :: : 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 辩称biàn chēng biàn chēng ,, , 在zài zài 互联网hù lián wǎng hù lián wǎng 时代shí dài shí dài ,, , "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 已经yǐ jīng yǐ jīng 过时guò shí guò shí 。。 。
When the rule was designed, newspapers, radio, and television were distinct platforms.
该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 设计shè jì shè jì 之初zhī chū zhī chū ,, , 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ 、、 、 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 和hé hé 电视diàn shì diàn shì 是shì shì 不同bù tóng bù tóng 的de de 平台píng tái píng tái 。。 。
By 2014, digital platforms had disrupted this model completely.
到dào dào 20142014 2014 年nián nián ,, , 数字shù zì shù zì 平台píng tái píng tái 已yǐ yǐ 彻底改变chè dǐ gǎi biàn chè dǐ gǎi biàn 这一zhè yī zhè yī 模式mó shì mó shì 。。 。
Australians were getting news from Facebook, Google, Twitter, and streaming services - none of which were subject to the "two out of three" rule [4]. **Regional Media Survival**: The reforms were partly motivated by genuine concerns about regional media viability.
澳大利亚人ào dà lì yà rén ào dà lì yà rén 正zhèng zhèng 从cóng cóng FacebookFacebook Facebook 、、 、 GoogleGoogle Google 、、 、 TwitterTwitter Twitter 和hé hé 流媒体liú méi tǐ liú méi tǐ 服务fú wù fú wù 获取huò qǔ huò qǔ 新闻xīn wén xīn wén —— — —— — 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 平台píng tái píng tái 均jūn jūn 不受bù shòu bù shòu "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 的de de 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。 。
Many regional newspapers and broadcasters were facing existential threats from digital competition.
** * ** * 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 生存shēng cún shēng cún ** * ** * :: : 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 部分bù fèn bù fèn 源于yuán yú yuán yú 对duì duì 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 生存能力shēng cún néng lì shēng cún néng lì 的de de 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 担忧dān yōu dān yōu 。。 。
The government argued that allowing consolidation would enable regional media to achieve necessary scale [2]. **Bipartisan Convergence**: The claim implies this was a uniquely Coalition agenda, but the 2017 passage with Labor support demonstrates that both major parties had concluded the rule was outdated.
许多xǔ duō xǔ duō 地区性dì qū xìng dì qū xìng 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ 和hé hé 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 机构jī gòu jī gòu 正zhèng zhèng 面临miàn lín miàn lín 来自lái zì lái zì 数字shù zì shù zì 竞争者jìng zhēng zhě jìng zhēng zhě 的de de 生存shēng cún shēng cún 威胁wēi xié wēi xié 。。 。
The ALP secured amendments for local content and public interest journalism funding, but fundamentally agreed with the repeal [3]. **Comparative Context**: Media ownership liberalization in Australia has been pursued by both major parties over decades.
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ,, , 允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 整合zhěng hé zhěng hé 将jiāng jiāng 使shǐ shǐ 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 获得huò dé huò dé 必要bì yào bì yào 的de de 规模guī mó guī mó 效益xiào yì xiào yì [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。 。
The 1992 Act was Labor legislation; the 2017 reforms were passed with Labor support.
** * ** * 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 趋同qū tóng qū tóng ** * ** * :: : 该gāi gāi 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 暗示àn shì àn shì 这是zhè shì zhè shì 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu 的de de 议程yì chéng yì chéng ,, , 但dàn dàn 20172017 2017 年nián nián 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 的de de 通过tōng guò tōng guò 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng ,, , 两大liǎng dà liǎng dà 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 都dōu dōu 已yǐ yǐ 认定rèn dìng rèn dìng 该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 已yǐ yǐ 过时guò shí guò shí 。。 。
Neither party has shown consistent willingness to strictly limit media ownership when in government. **Not Unique to Coalition**: The "two out of three" rule repeal was not an isolated Coalition agenda item but part of a long-term trend of media deregulation that both parties have participated in.
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 确保què bǎo què bǎo 了le le 地区dì qū dì qū 内容nèi róng nèi róng 和hé hé 公共利益gōng gòng lì yì gōng gòng lì yì 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 资金zī jīn zī jīn 的de de 修订xiū dìng xiū dìng 条款tiáo kuǎn tiáo kuǎn ,, , 但dàn dàn 根本gēn běn gēn běn 上shàng shàng 同意tóng yì tóng yì 废除fèi chú fèi chú 该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。 。
The rule's repeal enjoyed broad political support in 2017 because its limitations had become largely irrelevant in the face of unregulated global digital platforms.
** * ** * 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ** * ** * :: : 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 的de de 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 自由化zì yóu huà zì yóu huà 多年duō nián duō nián 来lái lái 一直yì zhí yì zhí 由yóu yóu 两大liǎng dà liǎng dà 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 推动tuī dòng tuī dòng 。。 。
19921992 1992 年nián nián 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 是shì shì 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ ;; ; 20172017 2017 年nián nián 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 获得huò dé huò dé 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 。。 。
两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 在zài zài 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng 时shí shí 都dōu dōu 未wèi wèi 表现biǎo xiàn biǎo xiàn 出chū chū 严格yán gé yán gé 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 所有权suǒ yǒu quán suǒ yǒu quán 的de de 持续chí xù chí xù 意愿yì yuàn yì yuàn 。。 。
** * ** * 非fēi fēi 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu ** * ** * :: : 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 孤立gū lì gū lì 的de de 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 议程yì chéng yì chéng 项目xiàng mù xiàng mù ,, , 而是ér shì ér shì 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 去qù qù 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 化huà huà 长期趋势cháng qī qū shì cháng qī qū shì 的de de 一部分yī bù fèn yī bù fèn ,, , 两大liǎng dà liǎng dà 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 政党zhèng dǎng zhèng dǎng 均jūn jūn 参与cān yù cān yù 其中qí zhōng qí zhōng 。。 。
20172017 2017 年nián nián 该gāi gāi 废除fèi chú fèi chú 获得huò dé huò dé 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 政治zhèng zhì zhèng zhì 支持zhī chí zhī chí ,, , 因为yīn wèi yīn wèi 其qí qí 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 在zài zài 面对miàn duì miàn duì 无wú wú 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 的de de 全球quán qiú quán qiú 数字shù zì shù zì 平台píng tái píng tái 时shí shí 已yǐ yǐ 变得biàn dé biàn dé 基本jī běn jī běn 无关wú guān wú guān 。。 。

属实

7.0

/ 10

联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 确实què shí què shí 提议tí yì tí yì 并bìng bìng 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 实施shí shī shí shī 了le le 废除fèi chú fèi chú "" " 三分之二sān fēn zhī èr sān fēn zhī èr 规则guī zé guī zé "" " ,, , 该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 阻止zǔ zhǐ zǔ zhǐ 公司gōng sī gōng sī 控制kòng zhì kòng zhì 单一dān yī dān yī 市场shì chǎng shì chǎng 中zhōng zhōng 的de de 报纸bào zhǐ bào zhǐ 、、 、 电视diàn shì diàn shì 和hé hé 广播guǎng bō guǎng bō 三者sān zhě sān zhě 。。 。
The Coalition government did propose and ultimately implement the scrapping of the "two out of three" rule that prevented companies from controlling all three of newspapers, television, and radio in a single market.
这一zhè yī zhè yī 说法shuō fǎ shuō fǎ 在zài zài 事实上shì shí shàng shì shí shàng 是shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 的de de 。。 。
This claim is factually accurate.
联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 于yú yú 20142014 2014 年nián nián 首次shǒu cì shǒu cì 提出tí chū tí chū 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé ,, , 并于bìng yú bìng yú 20172017 2017 年nián nián 成功chéng gōng chéng gōng 通过tōng guò tōng guò 。。 。
The Coalition first proposed these changes in 2014 and successfully passed them in 2017.
然而rán ér rán ér ,, , 这一zhè yī zhè yī 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn 应yīng yīng 与yǔ yǔ 以下yǐ xià yǐ xià 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 一并yī bìng yī bìng 理解lǐ jiě lǐ jiě :: : (( ( 11 1 )) ) 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 废除fèi chú fèi chú 需要xū yào xū yào 并bìng bìng 获得huò dé huò dé 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 的de de 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí ;; ; (( ( 22 2 )) ) 两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 已达成yǐ dá chéng yǐ dá chéng 共识gòng shí gòng shí ,, , 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 在zài zài 技术jì shù jì shù 层面céng miàn céng miàn 已yǐ yǐ 过时guò shí guò shí ;; ; (( ( 33 3 )) ) 原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 规则guī zé guī zé 本身běn shēn běn shēn 是shì shì 19921992 1992 年nián nián 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ ;; ; (( ( 44 4 )) ) 改革gǎi gé gǎi gé 保留bǎo liú bǎo liú 了le le 其他qí tā qí tā 多样性duō yàng xìng duō yàng xìng 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī ;; ; (( ( 55 5 )) ) 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 依据yī jù yī jù 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 地区dì qū dì qū 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ 生存能力shēng cún néng lì shēng cún néng lì 的de de 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 关切guān qiè guān qiè 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 该gāi gāi 规则guī zé guī zé 在zài zài 数字shù zì shù zì 时代shí dài shí dài 的de de 无关wú guān wú guān 性xìng xìng 。。 。
However, this finding should be understood with the following important context: (1) The final repeal required and received bipartisan support from Labor; (2) Both parties had converged on the view that the rule was technologically obsolete; (3) The original rule itself was Labor legislation from 1992; (4) The reforms included retention of other diversity protections; (5) The policy rationale included genuine concerns about regional media viability and the rule's irrelevance in the digital age.

评分方法

1-3: 不实

事实错误或恶意捏造。

4-6: 部分属实

有一定真实性,但缺乏背景或有所偏颇。

7-9: 基本属实

仅有微小的技术性或措辞问题。

10: 准确

完全经过验证且客观公正。

方法论: 评分通过交叉参照政府官方记录、独立事实核查机构和原始文件确定。