Bahagyang Totoo

Rating: 6.0/10

Coalition
C0538

Ang Claim

“Ilegal na nagbayad ng pera sa mga smuggler ng tao upang ibalik ang mga bangka, upang masira ang kanilang modelo ng negosyo.”
Orihinal na Pinagmulan: Matthew Davis
Sinuri: 30 Jan 2026

Orihinal na Pinagmulan

FACTUAL NA BERIPIKASYON

### Mga Alegasyon sa Pagbabayad - Substantiated
### Payment Allegations - Substantiated
Malakas ang ebidensya na nagbayad ang mga opisyal ng Australia ng pera sa mga crew ng smuggler ng tao bilang bahagi ng Operation Sovereign Borders.
Evidence strongly indicates that Australian officials did pay money to people smuggler crews as part of Operation Sovereign Borders.
Ayon sa imbestigasyon ng Amnesty International, noong Mayo 2015, nagbayad ang mga opisyal ng Australian Border Force sa anim na crew member ng USD $32,000 (humigit-kumulang AUD $45,000) upang dalhin ang 65 asylum seeker sa Indonesia sa halip na sa New Zealand [1].
According to an Amnesty International investigation, in May 2015, Australian Border Force officials paid six crew members USD $32,000 (approximately AUD $45,000) to take 65 asylum seekers to Indonesia instead of New Zealand [1].
Nasa kustodiya ng pulisya ng Indonesia ang mga crew member sa oras ng panayam ng Amnesty, at kinumpirma ng mga pulis ng Indonesia na nakita nila ang eksaktong halaga sa US $100 bills sa mga crew nang arestuhin sila [1].
The crew members were in Indonesian police custody at the time of Amnesty's interviews, and Indonesian police confirmed they found that exact amount in US $100 bills on the crew when arrested [1].
Sinuportahan ng testimonya ng saksi mula sa mga pasahero ang mga alegasyong ito, na may hindi bababa sa isang asylum seeker na nagsabi na nasaksihan nila ang transaksyon [1].
Witness testimony from passengers supported these claims, with at least one asylum seeker stating they witnessed the transaction [1].
Sa sumunod na panahon, tinanggap ng mga korte ng Indonesia ang ebidensyang ito bilang katotohanan sa panahon ng pag-uusig sa mga crew, kung saan tinanggap ng mga hukom bilang katotohanan na ang mga smuggler ay "tumanggap ng pera mula sa Australian customs" [2].
Indonesian courts subsequently accepted this evidence as fact during prosecutions of the crew, with judges taking as fact that the smugglers had "received money from Australian customs" [2].
### Ang "Ilegal" na Alegasyon - Hindi Pa Tiyak sa Legal
### The "Illegally" Claim - Not Legally Determined
Kulang ang katiyakan sa legal na ang mga pagbabayad na ito ay "ilegal".
The claim that these payments were "illegal" lacks definitive legal confirmation.
Habang inakusahan ng Amnesty International na ang mga pagbabayad ay "transnational crime" sa ilalim ng UN Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants [1], walang Australian court o independent legal authority na nagpasya na ang mga pagbabayad ay ilegal.
While Amnesty International alleged the payments constituted a "transnational crime" under the UN Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants [1], no Australian court or independent legal authority has ruled the payments illegal.
Nanatili ang gobyerno na ang mga opisyal ng Operation Sovereign Borders ay kumilos sa legal na paraan, kung saan sinabi noon na Immigration Minister na si Scott Morrison na ang mga opisyal ay "laging kumikilos sa legal na paraan" [3].
The government maintained that Operation Sovereign Borders officers acted lawfully, with then-Immigration Minister Scott Morrison stating officers "always act lawfully" [3].
Walang pag-uusig na inilunsad laban sa mga opisyal ng Australia, at walang parliamentary inquiry na nagpasya na ang mga pagbabayad ay lumabag sa batas ng Australia.
No prosecutions were initiated against Australian officials, and no parliamentary inquiry concluded the payments violated Australian law.
Ang alegasyon ng pagiging ilegal ay kumakatawan sa isang advocacy position (pangunahin mula sa Amnesty International at refugee advocates) sa halip na isang established legal finding [1][2].
The claim of illegality represents an advocacy position (primarily from Amnesty International and refugee advocates) rather than an established legal finding [1][2].

Nawawalang Konteksto

### Ang Humanitarian Crisis Bago ang Patakaran
### The Humanitarian Crisis Preceding the Policy
Ang alegasyon ay hindi tumatalakay sa humanitarian disaster na nag-udyok sa mga patakaran ng Coalition.
The claim omits the humanitarian disaster that prompted the Coalition's hardline policies.
Sa ilalim ng nakaraang Labor Government (2007-2013), na nag-discontinue ng boat turnbacks, humigit-kumulang 50,000 asylum seekers ang dumating sa pamamagitan ng bangka sa 800+ vessels, at tinatayang 1,200+ katao ang namatay sa dagat sa pagtatangkang maabot ang Australia [4][5][6].
Under the previous Labor Government (2007-2013), which discontinued boat turnbacks, approximately 50,000 asylum seekers arrived by boat on 800+ vessels, and an estimated 1,200+ people died at sea attempting to reach Australia [4][5][6].
Ang Australian Border Deaths Database sa Monash University ay nagdokumento ng humigit-kumulang 1,138 na mga kamatayan sa loob ng anim na taon sa opisina ng Labor [4].
The Australian Border Deaths Database at Monash University documents approximately 1,138 deaths during Labor's six years in office [4].
### Ang Pagbaliktad sa Patakaran ng Labor
### Labor's Subsequent Policy Reversal
Noong Hulyo 2015, ilang linggo lamang matapos lumabas ang mga alegasyon sa pagbabayad, pormal na nagbaliktad si Labor Leader na si Bill Shorten sa posisyon ng Labor at tinanggap ang boat turnbacks bilang opisyal na patakaran [7].
In July 2015, just weeks after the payment allegations emerged, Labor Leader Bill Shorten formally reversed Labor's position and adopted boat turnbacks as official policy [7].
Tahasan na kinilala ni Shorten: "isang kakila-kilabot na pagkawala ng buhay ang naganap sa panahon ng Labor", at inamin na ang turnback policy ng Coalition ay "nagligtas ng mga buhay" [7][8].
Shorten explicitly acknowledged: "a terrible loss of life took place on Labor's watch" and admitted the Coalition's turnback policy had "saved lives" [7][8].
Noong 2015, parehong major parties ang sumuporta sa boat turnbacks, kaya't ito ay isang bipartisan policy position sa halip na isang natatanging approach ng Coalition.
By 2015, both major parties supported boat turnbacks, making this a bipartisan policy position rather than a uniquely Coalition approach.
### Ang "On-Water Matters" na Patakaran
### The "On-Water Matters" Policy
Ang alegasyon ay hindi kumikilala na ang gobyerno ay nagpapanatili ng secrecy sa paligid ng "on-water matters" bilang isang deliberate operational strategy upang maiwasan na ang mga people smugglers ay mag-adapt sa mga partikular na tactics.
The claim fails to acknowledge that the government maintained secrecy around "on-water matters" as a deliberate operational strategy to prevent people smugglers from adapting to specific tactics.
Ang secrecy na ito ay nalapat sa lahat ng operational details, hindi lamang sa mga pagbabayad [3].
This secrecy applied to all operational details, not just payments [3].
### Maramihang Pagkakataon ng Pagbabayad
### Multiple Payment Incidents Alleged
Dinokumento ng Amnesty International ang ebidensya na nagpapahiwatig na ang mga pagbabayad ay maaaring naganap sa hindi bababa sa dalawang magkahiwalay na insidente - Mayo 2015 at Hulyo 2015 - na nagpapahiwatig na ito ay potensyal na isang systematic approach sa halip na isang isolated incident [1][2].
Amnesty International documented evidence suggesting payments may have occurred in at least two separate incidents - May 2015 and July 2015 - indicating this was potentially a systematic approach rather than an isolated incident [1][2].

Pagsusuri ng Kredibilidad ng Pinagmulan

### Sydney Morning Herald (SMH)
### Sydney Morning Herald (SMH)
Ang SMH ay isang mainstream Australian newspaper na may center-left editorial leanings.
SMH is a mainstream Australian newspaper with center-left editorial leanings.
Inirere-rate ng Media Bias/Fact Check ang SMH bilang "left-center" bias na may "high" na factual reporting credibility [9].
Media Bias/Fact Check rates SMH as "left-center" bias with "high" factual reporting credibility [9].
Bagama't pangkalahatang kapanipaniwala, ang SMH ay nag-endorso ng Labor sa mga halalan noong 2013 at 2016, na nagmumungkahi ng potensyal na partisan alignment sa mga isyu ng border protection.
While generally reliable, SMH endorsed Labor in the 2013 and 2016 elections, suggesting potential partisan alignment on border protection issues.
Ang artikulo noong Hunyo 2015 ay factual reporting batay sa non-denial ni Abbott nang tanungin.
The June 2015 article was factual reporting based on Abbott's non-denial when questioned.
### CNN
### CNN
Ang CNN ay isang international mainstream news outlet na may mixed reliability ratings.
CNN is an international mainstream news outlet with mixed reliability ratings.
Inirere-rate ng Media Bias/Fact Check ang CNN bilang "left" bias na may "mixed" na factual reporting dahil sa ilang mga nabigong fact checks [10].
Media Bias/Fact Check rates CNN as "left" bias with "mixed" factual reporting due to some failed fact checks [10].
Ang kanilang coverage ay derivative ng Australian reporting at ipinakita ang mga alegasyon nang walang independent verification.
Their coverage was derivative of Australian reporting and presented the allegations without independent verification.
### Amnesty International
### Amnesty International
Ang Amnesty International ay isang iginagalang na human rights advocacy organization na may mataas na factual standards ngunit malinaw na advocacy positioning.
Amnesty International is a respected human rights advocacy organization with high factual standards but clear advocacy positioning.
Ang kanilang imbestigasyon ay malalim, kabilang ang mga panayam sa crew, mga pasahero, at mga opisyal ng Indonesia, kasama ang documentary evidence (mga larawan, video, ang aktwal na pera).
Their investigation was thorough, including interviews with crew, passengers, and Indonesian officials, plus documentary evidence (photos, video, the actual money).
Gayunpaman, ang kanilang legal na konklusyon na ang mga pagbabayad ay bumuo ng isang "transnational crime" ay kumakatawan sa isang advocacy interpretation sa halip na isang established legal finding [1][2].
However, their legal conclusion that payments constituted a "transnational crime" represents an advocacy interpretation rather than an established legal finding [1][2].
⚖️

Paghahambing sa Labor

### Gumawa ba si Labor ng Katulad na Bagay?
### Did Labor Do Something Similar?
**Direktang katumbas:** Hindi.
**Direct equivalent:** No.
Sa pagitan ng 2007 at 2013, ang Labor Government (Rudd/Gillard) ay tahasang tumanggi sa boat turnbacks, bumuwag sa Pacific Solution, at hindi nagbayad sa mga people smuggler.
Between 2007 and 2013, the Labor Government (Rudd/Gillard) explicitly rejected boat turnbacks, dismantled the Pacific Solution, and did not pay people smugglers.
Walang katulad na mga alegasyon sa pagbabayad mula sa panahong ito. **Alternatibong approach na may katulad na humanitarian consequences:** Ang patakaran ng Labor na hindi pagbabalik ng mga bangka ay nagresulta sa 800+ na pagdating ng bangka, 50,000+ asylum seekers, at tinatayang 1,200+ na mga kamatayan sa dagat [4][5][6].
No comparable payment allegations exist from this period. **Alternative approach with similar humanitarian consequences:** Labor's policy of not turning back boats resulted in 800+ boat arrivals, 50,000+ asylum seekers, and an estimated 1,200+ deaths at sea [4][5][6].
Itinayo muli din ng Labor ang mga offshore detention center sa Nauru at Manus Island noong 2012-2013 bilang isang deterrent [6]. **Sumunod na pagtanggap ng patakaran ng Coalition:** Noong Hulyo 2015, tahasang tinanggap ng Labor ang boat turnbacks bilang opisyal na patakaran, kung saan sinulat ni Shadow Immigration Minister na si Richard Marles na "offshore processing at regional resettlement kasama ang patakaran ng Coalition na turn-backs ang talagang tumigil sa mga bangka" [7][8].
Labor also re-established offshore detention centers on Nauru and Manus Island in 2012-2013 as a deterrent [6]. **Subsequent adoption of Coalition policy:** By July 2015, Labor explicitly adopted boat turnbacks as official policy, with Shadow Immigration Minister Richard Marles writing that "offshore processing and regional resettlement together with the Coalition's policy of turn-backs is what actually stopped the boats" [7][8].
### Comparative Analysis
### Comparative Analysis
| Metric | Labor (2007-2013) | Coalition (2013-2022) | |--------|-------------------|------------------------| | Boat turnbacks | Wala | 38+ boats returned (2013-2021) [11] | | Pagdating ng bangka | 800+ vessels | Halos naelimina pagkatapos ng 2014 | | Mga kamatayan sa dagat | ~1,200+ | Dramatically reduced [4][5] | | Offshore detention | Itinayo muli 2012 | Nagpatuloy | | Pagbabayad sa mga smuggler | Walang inaakusa | Inaakusa noong 2015 | **Pangunahing finding:** Parehong gobyerno ang nagpatupad ng mahihigpit na deterrent policies na may malalaking human rights concerns.
| Metric | Labor (2007-2013) | Coalition (2013-2022) | |--------|-------------------|------------------------| | Boat turnbacks | None | 38+ boats returned (2013-2021) [11] | | Boat arrivals | 800+ vessels | Virtually eliminated after 2014 | | Deaths at sea | ~1,200+ | Dramatically reduced [4][5] | | Offshore detention | Re-established 2012 | Continued | | Payments to smugglers | None alleged | Alleged in 2015 | **Key finding:** Both governments pursued harsh deterrent policies with significant human rights concerns.
Ang "open border" approach ng Labor (2007-2012) ay nagresulta sa mass deaths sa dagat.
Labor's "open border" approach (2007-2012) resulted in mass deaths at sea.
Ang turnback policy ng Coalition ay tumigil sa mga kamatayan ngunit kasama ang mga inaakusahang pagbabayad sa mga smuggler at pushbacks.
The Coalition's turnback policy stopped deaths but involved alleged payments to smugglers and put asylum seekers at risk through pushbacks.
🌐

Balanseng Pananaw

### Policy Rationale
### Policy Rationale
Ang Operation Sovereign Borders ng Coalition, na inilunsad noong Setyembre 2013, ay may tatlong tinukoy na layunin: (1) itigil ang mga operasyon ng people smuggling, (2) maiwasan ang mga kamatayan sa dagat, at (3) protektahan ang mga border ng Australia.
The Coalition's Operation Sovereign Borders, launched in September 2013, had three stated objectives: (1) stop people smuggling operations, (2) prevent deaths at sea, and (3) protect Australian borders.
Sa metrics 1 at 2, ang patakaran ay labis na matagumpay - ang pagdating ng mga bangka ay halos tumigil pagkatapos ng 2014, at ang mga kamatayan sa dagat ay bumaba sa halos zero [11][12].
On metrics 1 and 2, the policy was extraordinarily successful - boat arrivals virtually ceased after 2014, and deaths at sea dropped to near-zero [11][12].
Ang mga inaakusahang pagbabayad sa mga crew member ay kasama sa isang mas malawak na estratehiya ng pag-disrupt sa mga network ng people smuggling.
The alleged payments to crew members fit within a broader strategy of disrupting people smuggling networks.
Sa pamamagitan ng pagbabayad sa mga crew upang bumalik sa Indonesia (kasama ang kanilang mga pasahero), ang mga opisyal ng Australia ay: (1) naiwasan ang isang mapanganib na paglalakbay patungong Australia, (2) siniguro na ang sasakyang pandagat ay hindi susubok ng isa pang pagtawid, (3) sinira ang smuggling operation sa pinagmulan nito, at (4) naiwasan ang pangangailangan para sa mahal na detention at pagpoproseso.
By paying crews to return to Indonesia (with their passengers), Australian officials: (1) prevented a dangerous journey to Australia, (2) ensured the vessel did not attempt another crossing, (3) disrupted the smuggling operation at its source, and (4) avoided the need for costly detention and processing.
### Mga Puna at Mga Pag-aalala
### Criticisms and Concerns
Ang mga kritiko, kabilang ang Amnesty International at UNHCR, ay nangangatwiran na: - Ang pagbabayad sa mga people smugglers ay potensyal na nagfu-fund ng karagdagang criminal operations [1] - Ang praktika ay maaaring bumuo ng isang transnational crime sa ilalim ng international law [1] - Ang mga pushback ay lumalabag sa prinsipyo ng non-refoulement (hindi pagbabalik ng mga refugee sa potensyal na paguusig) [1] - Ang secrecy sa paligid ng mga operasyon ay nag-iipon ng accountability [2] - Ang pagpilit sa mga asylum seeker sa under-equipped vessels ay nagpapalagay ng mga buhay sa panganib [1]
Critics, including Amnesty International and UNHCR, argue that: - Paying people smugglers potentially funds further criminal operations [1] - The practice may constitute a transnational crime under international law [1] - Pushbacks violate the principle of non-refoulement (not returning refugees to potential persecution) [1] - Secrecy around operations prevents accountability [2] - Forcing asylum seekers onto under-equipped vessels endangers lives [1]
### Expert Analysis
### Expert Analysis
Ang mga alegasyon sa pagbabayad ay nagtataas ng mga tunay na legal at ethical concerns.
The payment allegations raise genuine legal and ethical concerns.
Gayunpaman, ang alternatibo - ang hindi pag-intercept ng mga bangka - ay nagresulta sa 1,200+ na mga kamatayan sa ilalim ng Labor.
However, the alternative - not intercepting boats - resulted in 1,200+ deaths under Labor's watch.
Ang policy dilemma ay nagpapakita ng isang tunay na moral trade-off: mahihigpit na deterrents na nagliligtas ng mga buhay kontra sa humanitarian approaches na nagresulta sa mga kamatayan sa pamamagitan ng mga pagkalunod.
The policy dilemma presents a genuine moral trade-off: harsh deterrents that save lives versus humanitarian approaches that result in deaths through drownings.
Noong 2015, kinilala ng Labor ang trade-off na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggap ng turnbacks.
By 2015, Labor acknowledged this trade-off by adopting turnbacks.
Ang bipartisan consensus ay nagmumungkahi na parehong major parties ang nagkonklusyon na ang pag-iwas sa mga kamatayan sa dagat ay nangangailangan ng mga hakbang na ang mga human rights advocates ay matatagpuang objectionable.
The bipartisan consensus suggests both major parties concluded that preventing deaths at sea required measures that human rights advocates find objectionable.
### Natatangi ba ito sa Coalition?
### Is This Unique to the Coalition?
Hindi.
No.
Habang ang partikular na taktika ng pagbabayad sa mga smuggler ay natatangi sa Coalition, ang mahihigpit na border protection measures ay tinanggap ng parehong partido.
While the specific tactic of paying smugglers was unique to the Coalition, harsh border protection measures were adopted by both parties.
Ang offshore detention policy ng Labor (itinayo muli 2012) ay nagpapatuloy hanggang sa kasalukuyan at kinutya ng parehong mga human rights organizations na kumutya sa mga alegasyon sa pagbabayad ng Coalition [6].
Labor's offshore detention policy (re-established 2012) continues to this day and has been criticized by the same human rights organizations that criticized the Coalition's payment allegations [6].

BAHAGYANG TOTOO

6.0

sa 10

Ang alegasyon ay factually accurate tungkol sa mga pagbabayad: ang kredibilidad na ebidensya mula sa maraming pinagkunan (testimonya ng pasahero, panayam sa crew, mga talaan ng korte ng Indonesia, at ebidensya ng pulisya) ay sumusuporta na ang mga opisyal ng Australia ay nagbayad sa mga crew ng smuggler ng humigit-kumulang USD $32,000 sa hindi bababa sa isang documented incident noong Mayo 2015 [1][2].
The claim is factually accurate regarding payments: credible evidence from multiple sources (passenger testimony, crew interviews, Indonesian court records, and police evidence) supports that Australian officials paid people smuggler crews approximately USD $32,000 in at least one documented incident in May 2015 [1][2].
Gayunpaman, ang alegasyon na ang mga pagbabayad na ito ay "ilegal" ay isang unproven allegation sa halip na isang established legal fact.
However, the claim's assertion that these payments were "illegal" is an unproven allegation rather than an established legal fact.
Walang korte na nagpasya na ang mga pagbabayad ay ilegal, at walang pag-uusig na naganap [3].
No court has ruled the payments illegal, and no prosecutions occurred [3].
Ang paglalarawan ay sumasalamin sa mga advocacy position sa halip na sa mga legal determination.
The characterization reflects advocacy positions rather than legal determinations.
Lalo na, ang alegasyon ay nag-iiwan ng kritikal na konteksto: (1) ang humanitarian disaster sa ilalim ng Labor na nag-udyok sa mga patakarang ito (~1,200 na mga kamatayan sa dagat), (2) ang sumunod na pagtanggap ng Labor sa parehong turnback policy noong 2015, at (3) ang tunay na policy dilemma sa pagitan ng mahihigpit na deterrents at pag-iiwas ng mga kamatayan sa dagat.
Most importantly, the claim omits critical context: (1) the humanitarian disaster under Labor that preceded these policies (~1,200 deaths at sea), (2) Labor's subsequent adoption of the same turnback policy in 2015, and (3) the genuine policy dilemma between harsh deterrents and preventing deaths at sea.
Ang alegasyon ay nag-framing sa mga pagbabayad bilang natatanging misconduct ng Coalition kung, sa katotohanan, parehong major parties ang nagpatupad ng mahihigpit na border protection measures na may malalaking human costs - ang approach ng Labor ay nagresulta sa mass drownings habang ang approach ng Coalition ay kasama ang mga inaakusahang pagbabayad sa mga smuggler at pushbacks.
The claim frames the payments as uniquely Coalition misconduct when, in reality, both major parties pursued harsh border protection measures with significant human costs - Labor's approach resulted in mass drownings while the Coalition's approach involved alleged payments to smugglers and pushbacks.

📚 MGA PINAGMULAN AT SANGGUNIAN (12)

  1. 1
    By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea - Amnesty International Report

    By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea - Amnesty International Report

    We are Amnesty International UK. We are ordinary people from across the world standing up for humanity and human rights.

    New report
  2. 2
    Operation Sovereign Borders: Cash payments and abuse - Senate Committee submission

    Operation Sovereign Borders: Cash payments and abuse - Senate Committee submission

    Amnesty International has appeared before a Senate Committee today to shed further light on Australia’s secretive Operation Sovereign Borders, following

    Amnesty International Australia
  3. 3
    Operation Sovereign Borders officers acted 'lawfully': Morrison

    Operation Sovereign Borders officers acted 'lawfully': Morrison

    Officers involved in Operation Sovereign Borders always act lawfully, former immigration minister Scott Morrison insists.

    SBS News
  4. 4
    FactCheck: did 1200 refugees die at sea under Labor?

    FactCheck: did 1200 refugees die at sea under Labor?

    It is broadly correct to say 1200 asylum seekers died at sea under Labor. Globally and in our region, however, more asylum seekers than ever are leaving their country by boat.

    The Conversation
  5. 5
    FactCheck: Have more than 1000 asylum seekers died at sea?

    FactCheck: Have more than 1000 asylum seekers died at sea?

    The 1000 deaths of asylum seekers at sea figure regularly cited by politicians and the media is broadly correct, writes Sara Davies.

    SBS News
  6. 6
    The chequered history of Labor and boats

    The chequered history of Labor and boats

    Federal Labor leader Bill Shorten is facing fierce internal opposition and savage criticism from refugee groups over his support for boat turnbacks.

    SBS News
  7. 7
    Bill Shorten wants Labor to adopt boat turn-backs under party's asylum seeker policy

    Bill Shorten wants Labor to adopt boat turn-backs under party's asylum seeker policy

    Opposition Leader Bill Shorten says he has had to face the truth that turning back people smuggling boats has saved lives, confirming he wants Labor to change its asylum seeker policy and support turn-backs.

    Abc Net
  8. 8
    Labor votes for boat turnback policy

    Labor votes for boat turnback policy

    Bill Shorten’s decision to support asylum seeker boat turn-backs was adopted after a hotly contested vote at the ALP conference.

    Thenewdaily Com
  9. 9
    The Sydney Morning Herald - Bias and Credibility

    The Sydney Morning Herald - Bias and Credibility

    LEFT-CENTER BIAS These media sources have a slight to moderate liberal bias.  They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording

    Media Bias/Fact Check
  10. 10
    CNN - Bias and Credibility

    CNN - Bias and Credibility

    LEFT-CENTER BIAS These media sources have a slight to moderate liberal bias.  They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording

    Media Bias/Fact Check
  11. 11
    asyluminsight.com

    Boat Turnbacks by Australia - Statistics

    Asylum Insight

  12. 12
    How does Australia's boat turnbacks policy work, and has it changed?

    How does Australia's boat turnbacks policy work, and has it changed?

    Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has seized on the recent arrival to warn an "armada" is on its way and has accused the government of weakening Operation Sovereign Borders. But has it?

    Abc Net

Pamamaraan ng Rating Scale

1-3: MALI

Hindi tama sa katotohanan o malisyosong gawa-gawa.

4-6: BAHAGYA

May katotohanan ngunit kulang o baluktot ang konteksto.

7-9: HALOS TOTOO

Maliit na teknikal na detalye o isyu sa pagkakasulat.

10: TUMPAK

Perpektong na-verify at patas ayon sa konteksto.

Pamamaraan: Ang mga rating ay tinutukoy sa pamamagitan ng cross-referencing ng opisyal na mga rekord ng pamahalaan, independiyenteng mga organisasyong nag-fact-check, at mga primaryang dokumento.