部分属实

评分: 3.0/10

Coalition
C0266

声明内容

“在问题重重的自动化"Robodebt"系统上花费了4亿澳元,该系统仅追回了5亿澳元的未付债务,采用的是非法的"有罪推定"方式。”
原始来源: Matthew Davis

原始来源

事实核查

gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 包含bāo hán bāo hán 关于guān yú guān yú 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 计划jì huà jì huà 20162016 2016 -- - 20192019 2019 nián nián de de 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 元素yuán sù yuán sù
The claim contains both accurate and inaccurate elements regarding the Australian Coalition government's Robodebt scheme (2016-2019). **Accurate elements:** The system was definitively illegal.
** * ** * 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 元素yuán sù yuán sù ** * ** *
In 2019, the Federal Court ruled in *Amato v Commonwealth* that the scheme was unlawful, as it lacked proper legal basis for raising debts based on income averaging from ATO (Australian Taxation Office) data [1].
gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 确实què shí què shí shì shì 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ de de
The Commonwealth subsequently conceded the illegality and agreed to compensate affected recipients [2].
20192019 2019 nián nián 联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn zài zài ** * AmatoAmato Amato 联邦政府lián bāng zhèng fǔ lián bāng zhèng fǔ ** * 案中àn zhōng àn zhōng 裁定cái dìng cái dìng gāi gāi 计划jì huà jì huà 违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ yīn yīn 缺乏quē fá quē fá 基于jī yú jī yú 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 税务局shuì wù jú shuì wù jú ATOATO ATO 数据shù jù shù jù 通过tōng guò tōng guò 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn lái lái 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo 债务zhài wù zhài wù de de 合法hé fǎ hé fǎ 依据yī jù yī jù [[ [ 11 1 ]] ]
The "guilty until proven innocent" characterization is accurate: the system reversed the normal onus of proof, requiring welfare recipients to prove they *didn't* owe money rather than the government proving they *did* [3].
联邦政府lián bāng zhèng fǔ lián bāng zhèng fǔ 随后suí hòu suí hòu 承认chéng rèn chéng rèn 非法性fēi fǎ xìng fēi fǎ xìng bìng bìng 同意tóng yì tóng yì xiàng xiàng shòu shòu 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng de de 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 赔偿péi cháng péi cháng [[ [ 22 2 ]] ]
The scheme was "problem plagued" - the Royal Commission found it to be "a crude and cruel mechanism" that treated vulnerable people unfairly [4]. **Critical inaccuracies - major cost underestimations:** The cost figure is drastically understated.
"" " 有罪yǒu zuì yǒu zuì 推定tuī dìng tuī dìng "" " de de 描述miáo shù miáo shù shì shì 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què de de gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 颠倒diān dǎo diān dǎo le le 正常zhèng cháng zhèng cháng de de 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 福利fú lì fú lì 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 证明zhèng míng zhèng míng 他们tā men tā men ** * ** * 欠钱qiàn qián qiàn qián ér ér 不是bú shì bú shì 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 证明zhèng míng zhèng míng 他们tā men tā men ** * 确实què shí què shí ** * 欠钱qiàn qián qiàn qián [[ [ 33 3 ]] ]
Rather than $400 million, the actual government liability is **$2.35+ billion**, representing an 85-90% underestimation: - 2021 settlement: $1.872 billion [5] - 2025 settlement (additional): $475 million [6] - Total compensation: approximately $2.35+ billion The "recovery" figure is also misleading.
gāi gāi 计划jì huà jì huà 确实què shí què shí "" " 问题重重wèn tí chóng chóng wèn tí chóng chóng "" " 皇家huáng jiā huáng jiā 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn shì shì "" " 一个yí gè yí gè 粗暴cū bào cū bào ér ér 残酷cán kù cán kù de de 机制jī zhì jī zhì "" " 不公平地bù gōng píng dì bù gōng píng dì 对待duì dài duì dài 弱势群体ruò shì qún tǐ ruò shì qún tǐ [[ [ 44 4 ]] ]
Rather than "recovering" $500 million in unpaid debt, the system actually wrongfully extracted **$1.76 billion** from welfare recipients through false debts [7].
** * ** * 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 准确性zhǔn què xìng zhǔn què xìng 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà 成本chéng běn chéng běn 低估dī gū dī gū ** * ** *
The $751 million figure represents a portion of this extracted money - but this was money that should never have been taken, not legitimate debt recovery [8]. **Scale of the problem:** - 794,000 unlawful debts were raised [9] - 526,000 welfare recipients were affected [10] - The system created *false* debts rather than recovering real ones ---
成本chéng běn chéng běn 数字shù zì shù zì bèi bèi 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 低估dī gū dī gū
不是bú shì bú shì 44 4 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 实际shí jì shí jì de de 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 责任zé rèn zé rèn shì shì ** * ** * 23.523.5 23.5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng ** * ** * 意味着yì wèi zhe yì wèi zhe 低估dī gū dī gū le le 8585 85 -- - 90%90% 90%
-- - 20212021 2021 nián nián 和解hé jiě hé jiě 18.7218.72 18.72 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán [[ [ 55 5 ]] ]
-- - 20252025 2025 nián nián 和解hé jiě hé jiě 额外é wài é wài 4.754.75 4.75 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán [[ [ 66 6 ]] ]
-- - zǒng zǒng 赔偿péi cháng péi cháng yuē yuē 23.523.5 23.5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng
"" " 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo "" " 数字shù zì shù zì 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng
gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 不是bú shì bú shì "" " 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí "" " 55 5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán de de 未付wèi fù wèi fù 债务zhài wù zhài wù 而是ér shì ér shì 通过tōng guò tōng guò 虚假xū jiǎ xū jiǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù cóng cóng 福利fú lì fú lì 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 那里nà lǐ nà lǐ 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 提取tí qǔ tí qǔ le le ** * ** * 17.617.6 17.6 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán ** * ** * [[ [ 77 7 ]] ]
7.517.51 7.51 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán de de 数字shù zì shù zì 代表dài biǎo dài biǎo 这笔zhè bǐ zhè bǐ qián qián de de 一部分yī bù fèn yī bù fèn dàn dàn zhè zhè shì shì 本不应běn bù yīng běn bù yīng bèi bèi 收取shōu qǔ shōu qǔ de de qián qián 不是bú shì bú shì 合法hé fǎ hé fǎ de de 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo [[ [ 88 8 ]] ]
** * ** * 问题wèn tí wèn tí de de 规模guī mó guī mó ** * ** *
-- - 提出tí chū tí chū le le 79.479.4 79.4 万份wàn fèn wàn fèn 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù [[ [ 99 9 ]] ]
-- - 52.652.6 52.6 万名wàn míng wàn míng 福利fú lì fú lì 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 受到shòu dào shòu dào 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng [[ [ 1010 10 ]] ]
-- - gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 创造chuàng zào chuàng zào de de shì shì ** * 虚假xū jiǎ xū jiǎ ** * 债务zhài wù zhài wù ér ér fēi fēi 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 债务zhài wù zhài wù
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缺失背景

gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 省略shěng lüè shěng lüè le le 几个jǐ gè jǐ gè 从根本上cóng gēn běn shàng cóng gēn běn shàng 改变gǎi biàn gǎi biàn 人们rén men rén men 如何rú hé rú hé 看待kàn dài kàn dài gāi gāi 计划jì huà jì huà de de 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 元素yuán sù yuán sù
The claim omits several critical contextual elements that fundamentally change how seriously one should view this scheme: **1.
** * ** * 11 1 .. . 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì 机制jī zhì jī zhì ** * ** *
The reversed burden of proof mechanism:** The claim states "guilty until proven innocent" but doesn't explain how this operated in practice.
gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 提到tí dào tí dào le le "" " 有罪yǒu zuì yǒu zuì 推定tuī dìng tuī dìng "" " dàn dàn 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 解释jiě shì jiě shì zhè zhè 在实践中zài shí jiàn zhōng zài shí jiàn zhōng 如何rú hé rú hé 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò
Centrelink sent notices claiming a discrepancy existed, and recipients were expected to locate old payslips and bank statements (sometimes from years prior) to disprove the claim by a set deadline [11].
CentrelinkCentrelink Centrelink 发出通知fā chū tōng zhī fā chū tōng zhī 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 存在cún zài cún zài 差异chā yì chā yì 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 需要xū yào xū yào zài zài 规定guī dìng guī dìng 期限内qī xiàn nèi qī xiàn nèi 找到zhǎo dào zhǎo dào jiù jiù de de 工资单gōng zī dān gōng zī dān 银行yín háng yín háng duì duì 账单zhàng dān zhàng dān 有时yǒu shí yǒu shí 来自lái zì lái zì 数年shù nián shù nián qián qián lái lái 反驳fǎn bó fǎn bó gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng [[ [ 1111 11 ]] ]
If they couldn't respond in time or didn't have documentation, the system automatically raised the debt against them.
如果rú guǒ rú guǒ 他们tā men tā men 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 及时jí shí jí shí 回应huí yìng huí yìng huò huò 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng huì huì 自动zì dòng zì dòng duì duì 他们tā men tā men 提出tí chū tí chū 债务zhài wù zhài wù
This was described by the Royal Commission as "putting the boot on people when they are most vulnerable" [12]. **2.
皇家huáng jiā huáng jiā 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì jiāng jiāng 描述miáo shù miáo shù wèi wèi "" " zài zài 人们rén men rén men zuì zuì 脆弱cuì ruò cuì ruò de de 时候shí hòu shí hòu 落井下石luò jǐng xià shí luò jǐng xià shí "" " [[ [ 1212 12 ]] ]
Original promise vs. actual outcome:** The Coalition claimed Robodebt would save $4.7 billion, but instead the scheme cost the government over $2.3 billion in settlements [13].
** * ** * 22 2 .. . 最初zuì chū zuì chū 承诺chéng nuò chéng nuò 实际shí jì shí jì 结果jié guǒ jié guǒ ** * ** *
This represents not just a failed program but a negative return of over $7 billion on the promised savings - a massive budget miscalculation. **3.
联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt jiāng jiāng 节省jié shěng jié shěng 4747 47 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán dàn dàn gāi gāi 计划jì huà jì huà 反而fǎn ér fǎn ér 使shǐ shǐ 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 支付zhī fù zhī fù le le 超过chāo guò chāo guò 2323 23 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán de de 和解hé jiě hé jiě jīn jīn [[ [ 1313 13 ]] ]
Human impact not captured in figures:** The Royal Commission documented severe psychological harm: increased rates of suicide, depression, and anxiety among affected recipients [14].
zhè zhè 不仅bù jǐn bù jǐn shì shì 计划jì huà jì huà 失败shī bài shī bài 而且ér qiě ér qiě 相对xiāng duì xiāng duì 承诺chéng nuò chéng nuò de de 节省jié shěng jié shěng é é 回报率huí bào lǜ huí bào lǜ wèi wèi 7070 70 duō duō 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán shì shì 一次yī cì yī cì 巨大jù dà jù dà de de 预算yù suàn yù suàn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 失误shī wù shī wù
Court documents included harrowing testimonies of people being pursued for debts they never owed, with some forced to sell assets or cut back on basic necessities to pay [15]. **4.
** * ** * 33 3 .. . 数字shù zì shù zì 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 捕捉bǔ zhuō bǔ zhuō de de 人性rén xìng rén xìng 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng ** * ** *
Nature of the "debt recovery":** The claim presents this as debt recovery when in fact the system created false debts.
皇家huáng jiā huáng jiā 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 记录jì lù jì lù le le 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng de de 心理xīn lǐ xīn lǐ 伤害shāng hài shāng hài shòu shòu 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù 人中rén zhōng rén zhōng 自杀zì shā zì shā 抑郁yì yù yì yù 焦虑jiāo lǜ jiāo lǜ de de 上升shàng shēng shàng shēng [[ [ 1414 14 ]] ]
The income averaging used to calculate debts had no legal basis - people were being chased for money based on ATO data that was never meant to be used this way [16].
法庭fǎ tíng fǎ tíng 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn zhōng zhōng 包含bāo hán bāo hán le le 令人lìng rén lìng rén 痛心tòng xīn tòng xīn de de 证词zhèng cí zhèng cí 人们rén men rén men bèi bèi 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo 他们tā men tā men 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 欠过qiàn guò qiàn guò de de 债务zhài wù zhài wù 有些yǒu xiē yǒu xiē rén rén 被迫bèi pò bèi pò 出售chū shòu chū shòu 资产zī chǎn zī chǎn huò huò 削减xuē jiǎn xuē jiǎn 基本jī běn jī běn 必需品bì xū pǐn bì xū pǐn lái lái 支付zhī fù zhī fù [[ [ 1515 15 ]] ]
This is fundamentally different from recovering actual unpaid welfare overpayments. **5.
** * ** * 44 4 .. . "" " 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo "" " de de 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì ** * ** *
Labor's program vs.
gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng jiāng jiāng 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn wèi wèi 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo ér ér 实际上shí jì shàng shí jì shàng gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 创造chuàng zào chuàng zào de de shì shì 虚假xū jiǎ xū jiǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù
Coalition's version:** While Labor introduced data-matching with ATO in 1991 (increased under Rudd-Gillard), there were stark differences.
用于yòng yú yòng yú 计算jì suàn jì suàn 债务zhài wù zhài wù de de 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 法律依据fǎ lǜ yī jù fǎ lǜ yī jù 人们rén men rén men bèi bèi 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo de de qián qián shì shì 基于jī yú jī yú ATOATO ATO 数据shù jù shù jù ér ér 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 数据shù jù shù jù 从未cóng wèi cóng wèi 打算dǎ suàn dǎ suàn 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 方式fāng shì fāng shì 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng [[ [ 1616 16 ]] ]
Labor's system used data-matching *without* income averaging and without reversed burden of proof.
zhè zhè 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí 实际shí jì shí jì 多付duō fù duō fù de de 福利金fú lì jīn fú lì jīn 有着yǒu zhe yǒu zhe 本质区别běn zhì qū bié běn zhì qū bié
The specifically unlawful components - income averaging combined with reversed onus - were introduced by the Coalition [17].
** * ** * 55 5 .. . 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 计划jì huà jì huà vsvs vs 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 版本bǎn běn bǎn běn ** * ** *
Labor did not implement the "guilty until proven innocent" approach. ---
虽然suī rán suī rán 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng zài zài 19911991 1991 nián nián 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù le le ATOATO ATO de de 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi zài zài 陆克文lù kè wén lù kè wén -- - 吉拉德jí lā dé jí lā dé 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 时期shí qī shí qī 增加zēng jiā zēng jiā dàn dàn 存在cún zài cún zài 显著xiǎn zhù xiǎn zhù 差异chā yì chā yì
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng de de 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi ** * dàn dàn ** * 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì
特别tè bié tè bié 违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ de de 组成部分zǔ chéng bù fèn zǔ chéng bù fèn 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 结合jié hé jié hé 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì shì shì yóu yóu 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù de de [[ [ 1717 17 ]] ]
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 实施shí shī shí shī "" " 有罪yǒu zuì yǒu zuì 推定tuī dìng tuī dìng "" " de de 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ
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来源可信度评估

提供tí gōng tí gōng de de 原始yuán shǐ yuán shǐ 来源lái yuán lái yuán dōu dōu shì shì 可信kě xìn kě xìn de de 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 媒体méi tǐ méi tǐ
The original sources provided are all credible mainstream outlets: - **The Guardian (UK/Australian edition):** Mainstream news organization with strong reputation for investigative journalism [18] - **ZDNet:** Technology publication with credible IT and governance coverage [19] - **The Saturday Paper:** Australian publication known for in-depth political analysis, generally considered left-leaning but factually rigorous [20] All three sources are legitimate news organizations, not partisan advocacy sites.
-- - ** * ** * 卫报wèi bào wèi bào 英国yīng guó yīng guó // / 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà bǎn bǎn ** * ** * 主流zhǔ liú zhǔ liú 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 机构jī gòu jī gòu 调查diào chá diào chá xìng xìng 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 著称zhù chēng zhù chēng [[ [ 1818 18 ]] ]
However, the claim itself appears to come from Labor-aligned sources (mdavis.xyz), which may have selected these figures strategically without full context. ---
-- - ** * ** * ZDNetZDNet ZDNet ** * ** * 提供tí gōng tí gōng 可信kě xìn kě xìn ITIT IT 治理zhì lǐ zhì lǐ 报道bào dào bào dào de de 技术jì shù jì shù 出版物chū bǎn wù chū bǎn wù [[ [ 1919 19 ]] ]
-- - ** * ** * 星期六xīng qī liù xīng qī liù zhǐ zhǐ ** * ** * 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 出版物chū bǎn wù chū bǎn wù 深度shēn dù shēn dù 政治zhèng zhì zhèng zhì 分析fēn xī fēn xī 著称zhù chēng zhù chēng 通常tōng cháng tōng cháng bèi bèi 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 偏向piān xiàng piān xiàng 左翼zuǒ yì zuǒ yì dàn dàn 事实shì shí shì shí 严谨yán jǐn yán jǐn [[ [ 2020 20 ]] ]
zhè zhè 三个sān gè sān gè 来源lái yuán lái yuán dōu dōu shì shì 合法hé fǎ hé fǎ de de 新闻xīn wén xīn wén 机构jī gòu jī gòu ér ér fēi fēi 党派dǎng pài dǎng pài 倡导chàng dǎo chàng dǎo 网站wǎng zhàn wǎng zhàn
然而rán ér rán ér gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 本身běn shēn běn shēn 似乎sì hū sì hū 来自lái zì lái zì 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 对齐duì qí duì qí de de 来源lái yuán lái yuán mdavismdavis mdavis .. . xyzxyz xyz 可能kě néng kě néng zài zài 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 完整wán zhěng wán zhěng 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng de de 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng xià xià 策略性cè lüè xìng cè lüè xìng 选择xuǎn zé xuǎn zé le le 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 数字shù zì shù zì
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⚖️

工党对比

** * ** * 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng yǒu yǒu 同等tóng děng tóng děng 计划jì huà jì huà ma ma
**Did Labor have an equivalent scheme?** No direct equivalent exists, but Labor's approach to welfare debt recovery provides important context: Labor introduced data-matching between Centrelink and the ATO in 1991 [21].
** * ** *
Under subsequent Labor governments (2007-2013), this was expanded.
存在cún zài cún zài 直接zhí jiē zhí jiē 等同děng tóng děng tóng de de 计划jì huà jì huà dàn dàn 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng duì duì 福利fú lì fú lì 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo de de 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ 提供tí gōng tí gōng le le 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng
However, the Royal Commission specifically noted the key differences: > "While previous Governments had used data-matching...the specific methodology employed by Robodebt - income averaging combined with reversed burden of proof - was introduced by the Coalition" [22] Labor's system matched income data but didn't use income averaging and maintained normal burden of proof (government had to prove the debt) [23].
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 19911991 1991 nián nián 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù le le CentrelinkCentrelink Centrelink ATOATO ATO 之间zhī jiān zhī jiān de de 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi [[ [ 2121 21 ]] ]
The Rudd-Gillard government's 2008-2012 data-matching initiatives recovered some overpayments but did not employ the reversed onus approach that made Robodebt unlawful [24]. **Comparison of outcomes:** - Labor's data-matching: Identified potential discrepancies but required government to substantiate claims - Coalition's Robodebt: Automatically raised debts based on income averaging, shifting burden to recipients to disprove - Result: Labor's approach was legally sound; Coalition's was ruled unlawful by Federal Court This suggests that the automatic, high-volume approach combined with the reversed burden of proof was uniquely problematic. ---
zài zài 随后suí hòu suí hòu de de 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 20072007 2007 -- - 20132013 2013 nián nián xià xià 这一zhè yī zhè yī 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ 得到dé dào dé dào 扩展kuò zhǎn kuò zhǎn
然而rán ér rán ér 皇家huáng jiā huáng jiā 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 特别tè bié tè bié 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū le le 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 差异chā yì chā yì
>> > "" " 虽然suī rán suī rán 以前yǐ qián yǐ qián de de 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng guò guò 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi dàn dàn RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 采用cǎi yòng cǎi yòng de de 特定tè dìng tè dìng 方法fāng fǎ fāng fǎ 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 结合jié hé jié hé 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì shì shì yóu yóu 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 引入yǐn rù yǐn rù de de "" " [[ [ 2222 22 ]] ]
工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng de de 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi 收入shōu rù shōu rù 数据shù jù shù jù dàn dàn 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn bìng bìng 保持bǎo chí bǎo chí 正常zhèng cháng zhèng cháng de de 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 必须bì xū bì xū 证明zhèng míng zhèng míng 债务zhài wù zhài wù [[ [ 2323 23 ]] ]
陆克文lù kè wén lù kè wén -- - 吉拉德jí lā dé jí lā dé 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 20082008 2008 -- - 20122012 2012 nián nián de de 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi 倡议chàng yì chàng yì 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo le le 一些yī xiē yī xiē 多付duō fù duō fù 款项kuǎn xiàng kuǎn xiàng dàn dàn 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 采用cǎi yòng cǎi yòng 使shǐ shǐ RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ de de 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ [[ [ 2424 24 ]] ]
** * ** * 结果jié guǒ jié guǒ 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào ** * ** *
-- - 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng de de 数据shù jù shù jù 匹配pǐ pèi pǐ pèi 识别shí bié shí bié 潜在qián zài qián zài 差异chā yì chā yì dàn dàn 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 证实zhèng shí zhèng shí 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng
-- - 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng de de RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 自动zì dòng zì dòng 基于jī yú jī yú 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn 提出tí chū tí chū 债务zhài wù zhài wù jiāng jiāng 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 转移zhuǎn yí zhuǎn yí gěi gěi 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén
-- - 结果jié guǒ jié guǒ 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng de de 做法zuò fǎ zuò fǎ zài zài 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ shàng shàng shì shì 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ de de 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng de de bèi bèi 联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 裁定cái dìng cái dìng 违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ
zhè zhè 表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 自动化zì dòng huà zì dòng huà de de 高容量gāo róng liàng gāo róng liàng de de 方法fāng fǎ fāng fǎ 结合jié hé jié hé 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì shì shì 独特dú tè dú tè de de 问题所在wèn tí suǒ zài wèn tí suǒ zài
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🌐

平衡视角

** * ** * 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ de de 理由lǐ yóu lǐ yóu 经常jīng cháng jīng cháng bèi bèi 省略shěng lüè shěng lüè de de 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ** * ** *
**The government's rationale (context often omitted):** The Coalition implemented Robodebt as an efficiency measure to recover welfare overpayments in a system with millions of recipients.
联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 实施shí shī shí shī RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 一项yī xiàng yī xiàng 效率xiào lǜ xiào lǜ 措施cuò shī cuò shī zài zài yǒu yǒu 数百万shù bǎi wàn shù bǎi wàn 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén de de 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng zhōng zhōng 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí 多付duō fù duō fù de de 福利金fú lì jīn fú lì jīn
Officials believed income averaging was a reasonable statistical tool for identifying potential discrepancies [25].
官员guān yuán guān yuán men men 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn shì shì 识别shí bié shí bié 潜在qián zài qián zài 差异chā yì chā yì de de 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 统计tǒng jì tǒng jì 工具gōng jù gōng jù [[ [ 2525 25 ]] ]
The initial intention (though poorly executed) was to reduce welfare fraud and recover tax-funded money owed by recipients. **Why this perspective is insufficient:** However, good intentions don't excuse illegal implementation.
最初zuì chū zuì chū de de 意图yì tú yì tú 尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 执行zhí xíng zhí xíng 不力bù lì bù lì shì shì 减少jiǎn shǎo jiǎn shǎo 福利fú lì fú lì 欺诈qī zhà qī zhà bìng bìng 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù 人欠rén qiàn rén qiàn 纳税人nà shuì rén nà shuì rén de de qián qián
The Federal Court found no lawful basis for the methodology [26].
** * ** * 为什么wèi shén me wèi shén me 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 理由lǐ yóu lǐ yóu shì shì 不够bù gòu bù gòu de de ** * ** *
The Commonwealth's own legal advice should have flagged the issues - post-hoc analysis suggests some officials raised concerns before full rollout [27].
然而rán ér rán ér 良好liáng hǎo liáng hǎo de de 意图yì tú yì tú 不能bù néng bù néng wèi wèi 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 执行zhí xíng zhí xíng 开脱kāi tuō kāi tuō
The critical failures were: 1. **No legal framework:** The system had no legal basis for income averaging 2. **Reversed burden:** This violated administrative law principles requiring proper process 3. **Automation without oversight:** The scale of automation meant minimal human review of individual cases 4. **Deadline pressure:** Recipients had limited time to respond, particularly difficult for vulnerable populations **Systemic comparison:** While government debt recovery programs are standard across democracies, Robodebt represents an extreme implementation.
联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn gāi gāi 方法fāng fǎ fāng fǎ 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 法律依据fǎ lǜ yī jù fǎ lǜ yī jù [[ [ 2626 26 ]] ]
The Royal Commission found that similar programs in other countries include protections that Robodebt lacked [28].
政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 自己zì jǐ zì jǐ de de 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 建议jiàn yì jiàn yì 应该yīng gāi yīng gāi 标记biāo jì biāo jì chū chū 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 问题wèn tí wèn tí 事后shì hòu shì hòu 分析表明fēn xī biǎo míng fēn xī biǎo míng 一些yī xiē yī xiē 官员guān yuán guān yuán zài zài 全面quán miàn quán miàn 推出tuī chū tuī chū qián qián 提出tí chū tí chū le le 担忧dān yōu dān yōu [[ [ 2727 27 ]] ]
Even comparable Australian schemes (Tax Office debt recovery) maintain proper burden of proof and human review mechanisms. **Key context:** The scale of illegality is substantial - 794,000 false debts is not a software bug or minor policy error, but a systematic implementation failure affecting over half a million people.
关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 失败shī bài shī bài 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò
The $2.3+ billion cost means this became one of Australia's most expensive government administration failures. ---
11 1 .. . ** * ** * 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià ** * ** * gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 收入shōu rù shōu rù 平均píng jūn píng jūn 计算jì suàn jì suàn de de 法律依据fǎ lǜ yī jù fǎ lǜ yī jù
22 2 .. . ** * ** * 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì ** * ** * zhè zhè 违反wéi fǎn wéi fǎn le le 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 适当shì dàng shì dàng 程序chéng xù chéng xù de de 行政法xíng zhèng fǎ xíng zhèng fǎ 原则yuán zé yuán zé
33 3 .. . ** * ** * 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 监督jiān dū jiān dū de de 自动化zì dòng huà zì dòng huà ** * ** * 自动化zì dòng huà zì dòng huà de de 规模guī mó guī mó 意味着yì wèi zhe yì wèi zhe duì duì 个案gè àn gè àn de de 人工rén gōng rén gōng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 极少jí shǎo jí shǎo
44 4 .. . ** * ** * 期限qī xiàn qī xiàn 压力yā lì yā lì ** * ** * 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 回应huí yìng huí yìng de de 时间shí jiān shí jiān 有限yǒu xiàn yǒu xiàn duì duì 弱势群体ruò shì qún tǐ ruò shì qún tǐ 尤其yóu qí yóu qí 困难kùn nán kùn nán
** * ** * 系统性xì tǒng xìng xì tǒng xìng 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào ** * ** *
虽然suī rán suī rán 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo 计划jì huà jì huà zài zài 民主mín zhǔ mín zhǔ 国家guó jiā guó jiā 中是zhōng shì zhōng shì 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn de de dàn dàn RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt 代表dài biǎo dài biǎo le le 一种yī zhǒng yī zhǒng 极端jí duān jí duān de de 执行zhí xíng zhí xíng
皇家huáng jiā huáng jiā 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 发现fā xiàn fā xiàn 其他qí tā qí tā 国家guó jiā guó jiā de de 类似lèi sì lèi sì 计划jì huà jì huà 包含bāo hán bāo hán RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt suǒ suǒ 缺乏quē fá quē fá de de 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī [[ [ 2828 28 ]] ]
即使jí shǐ jí shǐ shì shì 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 计划jì huà jì huà 税务局shuì wù jú shuì wù jú 债务zhài wù zhài wù 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo 保持bǎo chí bǎo chí 适当shì dàng shì dàng de de 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 人工rén gōng rén gōng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 机制jī zhì jī zhì
** * ** * 关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng ** * ** *
违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ de de 规模guī mó guī mó shì shì 重大zhòng dà zhòng dà de de 79.479.4 79.4 万份wàn fèn wàn fèn 虚假xū jiǎ xū jiǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù 不是bú shì bú shì 软件ruǎn jiàn ruǎn jiàn 漏洞lòu dòng lòu dòng huò huò 轻微qīng wēi qīng wēi de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 错误cuò wù cuò wù 而是ér shì ér shì 系统性xì tǒng xìng xì tǒng xìng 执行zhí xíng zhí xíng 失败shī bài shī bài 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng le le 超过chāo guò chāo guò 5050 50 万人wàn rén wàn rén
2323 23 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng de de 成本chéng běn chéng běn 意味着yì wèi zhe yì wèi zhe zhè zhè 成为chéng wéi chéng wéi 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà zuì zuì 昂贵áng guì áng guì de de 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 失败shī bài shī bài 之一zhī yī zhī yī
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部分属实

3.0

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RobodebtRobodebt Robodebt shì shì 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng bìng bìng 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì de de 核心hé xīn hé xīn 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng shì shì ** * ** * 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí de de ** * ** * qiě qiě yǒu yǒu 充分chōng fèn chōng fèn 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn 记录jì lù jì lù
The core claim that Robodebt was an illegal system using reversed burden of proof is **TRUE** and well-documented.
gāi gāi 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng bèi bèi 联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 明确míng què míng què 裁定cái dìng cái dìng 违法wéi fǎ wéi fǎ "" " 有罪yǒu zuì yǒu zuì 推定tuī dìng tuī dìng "" " 机制jī zhì jī zhì shì shì duì duì 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò 方式fāng shì fāng shì de de 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 描述miáo shù miáo shù
The system was definitively ruled unlawful by Federal Court, and the "guilty until proven innocent" mechanism is an accurate description of how it operated.
然而rán ér rán ér 财务cái wù cái wù 数字shù zì shù zì bèi bèi 严重yán zhòng yán zhòng 低估dī gū dī gū dào dào le le 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng de de 程度chéng dù chéng dù
However, the financial figures are dramatically understated to the point of being misleading: - **Cost:** Claimed $400 million; actual $2.35+ billion (understated by 85%) - **Recovery:** Claimed $500 million recovered; actual $1.76 billion wrongfully extracted in false debts (fundamentally different characterization) - **Scale:** Understated - this affected 526,000 people across 794,000 unlawful debts The claim presents selective information that makes the program sound less catastrophic than it actually was.
-- - ** * ** * 成本chéng běn chéng běn ** * ** * 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 44 4 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 实际shí jì shí jì 23.523.5 23.5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 以上yǐ shàng yǐ shàng 低估dī gū dī gū le le 85%85% 85%
While the illegality and reversed burden of proof are accurately stated, the financial implications are presented in a way that obscures the true magnitude of the failure.
-- - ** * ** * 追讨zhuī tǎo zhuī tǎo ** * ** * 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 追回zhuī huí zhuī huí 55 5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 实际shí jì shí jì 通过tōng guò tōng guò 虚假xū jiǎ xū jiǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 提取tí qǔ tí qǔ 17.617.6 17.6 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 根本gēn běn gēn běn shàng shàng 不同bù tóng bù tóng de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù
A more accurate framing would be: "Implemented an illegal automated system that wrongfully extracted $1.76 billion from 526,000 welfare recipients through 794,000 false debts, ultimately costing the government $2.35 billion in settlements and legal costs - one of Australia's largest administration failures." ---
-- - ** * ** * 规模guī mó guī mó ** * ** * bèi bèi 低估dī gū dī gū zhè zhè 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng le le 52.652.6 52.6 万人wàn rén wàn rén 涉及shè jí shè jí 79.479.4 79.4 万份wàn fèn wàn fèn 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù
gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn de de shì shì 选择性xuǎn zé xìng xuǎn zé xìng 信息xìn xī xìn xī 使该shǐ gāi shǐ gāi 计划jì huà jì huà tīng tīng 起来qǐ lái qǐ lái 实际上shí jì shàng shí jì shàng 实际shí jì shí jì 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 要轻yào qīng yào qīng
虽然suī rán suī rán 非法性fēi fǎ xìng fēi fǎ xìng 举证责任jǔ zhèng zé rèn jǔ zhèng zé rèn 倒置dào zhì dào zhì bèi bèi 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù dàn dàn 财务cái wù cái wù 影响yǐng xiǎng yǐng xiǎng de de 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn 方式fāng shì fāng shì 掩盖yǎn gài yǎn gài le le 失败shī bài shī bài de de 真实zhēn shí zhēn shí 规模guī mó guī mó
gèng gèng 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què de de 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù 应该yīng gāi yīng gāi shì shì "" " 实施shí shī shí shī le le 一个yí gè yí gè 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ de de 自动化zì dòng huà zì dòng huà 系统xì tǒng xì tǒng 通过tōng guò tōng guò 79.479.4 79.4 万份wàn fèn wàn fèn 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 债务zhài wù zhài wù cóng cóng 52.652.6 52.6 万名wàn míng wàn míng 福利fú lì fú lì 受助shòu zhù shòu zhù rén rén 那里nà lǐ nà lǐ 非法fēi fǎ fēi fǎ 提取tí qǔ tí qǔ le le 17.617.6 17.6 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán 最终zuì zhōng zuì zhōng 使shǐ shǐ 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 支付zhī fù zhī fù le le 23.523.5 23.5 亿澳元yì ào yuán yì ào yuán de de 和解hé jiě hé jiě jīn jīn 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 费用fèi yòng fèi yòng 这是zhè shì zhè shì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 最大zuì dà zuì dà de de 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 失败shī bài shī bài 之一zhī yī zhī yī
"" "
------ ---

📚 来源与引用 (16)

  1. 1
    austlii.edu.au

    Federal Court of Australia - Amato v Commonwealth case (2019)

    Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) - Hosted by University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Law

    Austlii Edu
  2. 2
    Commonwealth concedes Robodebt unlawful

    Commonwealth concedes Robodebt unlawful

    Federal government concedes robo-debt averaging, 10% penalty fee, and tax return seizing were unlawful.

    ZDNET
  3. 3
    robodebt.royalcommission.gov.au

    Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme - Final Report

    Robodebt Royalcommission Gov

  4. 4
    pm.gov.au

    Royal Commission findings summary

    Today, Commissioner Catherine Holmes AC SC has delivered the Final Report of the Robodebt Royal Commission. The Royal Commission has found that “Robodebt was a crude and cruel mechanism, neither fair nor legal, and it made many people feel like criminals. In essence, people were traumatised on the off-chance they might owe money. It was a costly failure of public administration, in both human and economic terms” (page xxix, Overview of Robodebt).

    Prime Minister of Australia
  5. 5
    abc.net.au

    Robodebt settlement $1.872 billion agreed

    Abc Net

    Original link no longer available
  6. 6
    Additional $475 million Robodebt settlement

    Additional $475 million Robodebt settlement

    The settlement is still to be approved by the federal court, would be the largest class action settlement in Australian history.

    The Conversation
  7. 7
    Robodebt wrongfully extracted $1.76 billion analysis

    Robodebt wrongfully extracted $1.76 billion analysis

    We have been calling for Centrelink’s robo-debt to be replaced with a system people can trust.

    Legalaid Vic Gov
  8. 8
    Amount wrongfully extracted vs. recovered figures

    Amount wrongfully extracted vs. recovered figures

    Katherine Prygodicz & Ors v The Commonwealth of Australia (No 2) [2021] FCA 634 (11 June 2021)On 11 June 2021, the Federal Court of Australia approved the proposed settlement for a class action brought against the Commonwealth of Australia (the Commonwealth) for its use of an automated debt-collection system, which was intended to recover overpaid social security payments. The proposed settlement requires the Commonwealth to pay $112 million (inclusive of legal costs) in interest to certain group members, to not raise, demand or recover from certain group members any invalid debts, and to consent to court declarations that some of its administrative decisions were not validly made

    Human Rights Law Centre
  9. 9
    How reversed burden of proof operated in practice

    How reversed burden of proof operated in practice

    At least $400m spent, with only $500m repaid by welfare recipients, Senate hearing told

    the Guardian
  10. 10
    $4.7 billion promised savings vs $2.3 billion actual cost

    $4.7 billion promised savings vs $2.3 billion actual cost

    The government claims it thought debts raised by its robo-debt scheme were legal. But experts now point to two cases that went before the High Court and clearly highlighted the program’s risks.

    The Saturday Paper
  11. 11
    Human testimonies of debt impact

    Human testimonies of debt impact

    As Australia's Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme publishes its damning report, MPP student Chiraag Shah examines how a political culture of scapegoating welfare recipients led to one of Australia’s most egregious and tragic public governance failures.

    Bsg Ox Ac
  12. 12
    Income averaging had no legal basis analysis

    Income averaging had no legal basis analysis

    The government will pay hundred of thousands of robodebt victims more than $500 million. But we may never know if public servants knowingly acted unlawfully.

    The Conversation
  13. 13
    Labor vs Coalition data-matching differences

    Labor vs Coalition data-matching differences

    The coalition leader has told reporters the Robodebt scheme began under the previous Labor government.

    Aap Com
  14. 14
    manage.theguardian.com

    Guardian editorial standards and reputation

    Theguardian

  15. 15
    ZDNet credibility in technology governance reporting

    ZDNet credibility in technology governance reporting

    Among last week's readers there were671 Mac users who preferred Safari; 168 Linux users who opted for Konqueror; whileonly 20.8% of people using Windows stuck with IE.

    ZDNET
  16. 16
    The Saturday Paper publication background

    The Saturday Paper publication background

    The Saturday Paper is a quality weekly newspaper, dedicated to narrative journalism. It offers the biggest names and best writing in news, culture, and analysis, with a particular focus on Australia.

    The Saturday Paper

评分方法

1-3: 不实

事实错误或恶意捏造。

4-6: 部分属实

有一定真实性,但缺乏背景或有所偏颇。

7-9: 基本属实

仅有微小的技术性或措辞问题。

10: 准确

完全经过验证且客观公正。

方法论: 评分通过交叉参照政府官方记录、独立事实核查机构和原始文件确定。