C0110 - eSafety专员调查权力 CLAIM_JSON_PLACEHOLDER 沉默权

结论

部分属实

可信度评分 5.5/10

评分依据

部分真实但严重误导性表述

部分真实：专员确实拥有强制审查权力，且不具备传统刑事"沉默权"（事实准确性6/10）
误导性框架：该声称暗示这是独特、极端且不受约束的权力，而这些权力实际上是澳大利亚各监管机构的标配，且包含保护措施（公平性4/10）
缺失关键背景：该声称遗漏了多个监管机构拥有类似权力，且工党也支持这一框架（完整性3/10）
倡导性框架：原始框架暗示专员拥有任意权力，而实际上存在明确的法定框架和监督机制（平衡性4/10）

核心问题是合理的：强制审查权力是否应该包含更多程序性保障？然而，将其表述为eSafety专员独有或"不具备任何常规保护"是误导性的。

网络安全诽谤伦理科技反恐

分析日期

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声明内容

“授予一名未经选举的人士调查权力，可强制人们提供文件并回答问题，否则将面临监禁，且不具备适用于警方调查的常规保护和监督。即剥夺了保持沉默的权利。”

网络安全诽谤伦理

原始来源： Matthew Davis

原始来源

mdavis.xyz

Documentation of Coalition government policies and claims.

Matthew Davis

✅ 事实核查

20212021 2021 年nián nián 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》确实què shí què shí 包含bāo hán bāo hán eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 。。。

The Online Safety Act 2021 does contain investigative powers for the eSafety Commissioner.

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 需要xū yào xū yào 仔细zǐ xì zǐ xì 审查shěn chá shěn chá ，，，因为yīn wèi yīn wèi 它tā tā 混淆hùn xiáo hùn xiáo 了le le 不同bù tóng bù tóng 概念gài niàn gài niàn ，，，且qiě qiě 需要xū yào xū yào 关于guān yú guān yú 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 实际shí jì shí jì 内容nèi róng nèi róng 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 存在cún zài cún zài 哪些nǎ xiē nǎ xiē 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 的de de 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 信息xìn xī xìn xī 。。。

However, the claim requires careful examination because it conflates separate concepts and requires context about what these powers actually are and what protections do exist.

###### ### 《《《法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 》》》实际shí jì shí jì 规定guī dìng guī dìng 的de de 内容nèi róng nèi róng

### What the Act Actually Provides

20212021 2021 年nián nián 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》（（（于yú yú 20222022 2022 年nián nián 11 1 月yuè yuè 2323 23 日rì rì 生效shēng xiào shēng xiào ）））确实què shí què shí 授予shòu yǔ shòu yǔ eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 审查shěn chá shěn chá 证人zhèng rén zhèng rén 和hé hé 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 出示chū shì chū shì 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 11 1 ]] ] 。。。

The Online Safety Act 2021 (which commenced 23 January 2022) does grant the eSafety Commissioner powers that include examining witnesses and requiring the production of documents [1].

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 出现chū xiàn chū xiàn 在zài zài 《《《法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 》》》第dì dì 1313 13 部分bù fèn bù fèn （（（信息xìn xī xìn xī 收集shōu jí shōu jí 权力quán lì quán lì ））），，，允许yǔn xǔ yǔn xǔ 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 审查shěn chá shěn chá 人员rén yuán rén yuán 并bìng bìng 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 其qí qí 回答huí dá huí dá 与yǔ yǔ 调查diào chá diào chá 相关xiāng guān xiāng guān 的de de 问题wèn tí wèn tí 或huò huò 出示chū shì chū shì 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn [[ [ 22 2 ]] ] 。。。

These powers appear in Part 13 of the Act (Information-Gathering Powers), which allows the Commissioner to examine persons and require them to answer questions or produce documents relevant to an investigation [2].

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，关键guān jiàn guān jiàn 事实shì shí shì shí 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng —— — —— — 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì "" " 不bù bù 具备jù bèi jù bèi 任何rèn hé rèn hé 常规cháng guī cháng guī 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 和hé hé 监督jiān dū jiān dū "" " 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò —— — —— — 是shì shì 不bù bù 完整wán zhěng wán zhěng 因此yīn cǐ yīn cǐ 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng 的de de 。。。

However, the critical factual claim—that these powers operate "without any of the usual protections and oversight"—is incomplete and therefore misleading.

《《《法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 》》》确实què shí què shí 包含bāo hán bāo hán 特定tè dìng tè dìng 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī ，，，尽管jǐn guǎn jǐn guǎn 它们tā men tā men 与yǔ yǔ 刑事法律xíng shì fǎ lǜ xíng shì fǎ lǜ 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 有所不同yǒu suǒ bù tóng yǒu suǒ bù tóng 。。。

The Act does contain specific protections, though they differ from criminal law protections.

###### ### 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì

### Nature of the Investigative Power

eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 属于shǔ yú shǔ yú 民事mín shì mín shì 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 性质xìng zhì xìng zhì 。。。

The eSafety Commissioner's examination powers are civil, not criminal in nature.

它们tā men tā men 旨在zhǐ zài zhǐ zài 调查diào chá diào chá 对duì duì 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》的de de 遵守zūn shǒu zūn shǒu 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 以及yǐ jí yǐ jí 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 内容nèi róng nèi róng 删除shān chú shān chú 计划jì huà jì huà 的de de 违规行为wéi guī xíng wéi wéi guī xíng wéi [[ [ 33 3 ]] ] 。。。

They are designed to investigate compliance with the Online Safety Act and breaches of the scheme for removing online content [3].

专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 被bèi bèi 描述miáo shù miáo shù 为wèi wèi "" " 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 独立dú lì dú lì 的de de 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 安全监管ān quán jiān guǎn ān quán jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu "" " ，，，拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 以yǐ yǐ 帮助bāng zhù bāng zhù 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 澳大利亚人ào dà lì yà rén ào dà lì yà rén 的de de 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 安全ān quán ān quán [[ [ 44 4 ]] ] 。。。

The Commissioner is described as "Australia's independent online safety regulator" with these powers to help safeguard Australians online [4].

###### ### 存在cún zài cún zài 的de de 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī

### Protections That DO Exist

以下yǐ xià yǐ xià 几项jǐ xiàng jǐ xiàng 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì ：：：

Several protections do apply to the eSafety Commissioner's investigative powers: 1. **Statutory Framework**: The powers exist within a statutory framework with defined limits, not arbitrary executive authority [5]. 2. **Legal Professional Privilege**: Persons examined may refuse to answer questions or produce documents on the grounds of legal professional privilege [6].

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 法定fǎ dìng fǎ dìng 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià ** * ** * ：：：这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 存在cún zài cún zài 于yú yú 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 明确míng què míng què 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 的de de 法定fǎ dìng fǎ dìng 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 内nèi nèi ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 任意rèn yì rèn yì 的de de 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 55 5 ]] ] 。。。

This is a significant protection that mirrors criminal proceedings. 3. **Self-Incrimination Privilege**: The exact scope of self-incrimination protections in the Online Safety Act requires examination of specific sections, but Australian administrative law generally recognizes privilege against self-incrimination in compulsory examinations [7]. 4. **Administrative Appeal Rights**: Decisions by the eSafety Commissioner can be reviewed through the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT), which provides merits review of Commissioner decisions [8].

22 2 .. . ** * ** * 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 职业zhí yè zhí yè 特权tè quán tè quán ** * ** * ：：：被bèi bèi 审查shěn chá shěn chá 人员rén yuán rén yuán 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 以yǐ yǐ 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 职业zhí yè zhí yè 特权tè quán tè quán 为wèi wèi 由yóu yóu 拒绝jù jué jù jué 回答huí dá huí dá 问题wèn tí wèn tí 或huò huò 出示chū shì chū shì 文件wén jiàn wén jiàn [[ [ 66 6 ]] ] 。。。

This is a form of oversight and accountability mechanism. 5. **Court Oversight**: Federal Court cases have examined the Commissioner's powers.

这是zhè shì zhè shì 一项yī xiàng yī xiàng 与yǔ yǔ 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 程序chéng xù chéng xù 相媲美xiāng pì měi xiāng pì měi 的de de 重要zhòng yào zhòng yào 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 。。。

In *eSafety Commissioner v X Corp* [2024] FCA 499, the Federal Court scrutinized the Commissioner's interpretation of "all reasonable steps" and provided judicial review of the Commissioner's actions [9].

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 自证zì zhèng zì zhèng 其罪qí zuì qí zuì 特权tè quán tè quán ** * ** * ：：： 20212021 2021 年nián nián 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》中zhōng zhōng 自证zì zhèng zì zhèng 其罪qí zuì qí zuì 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 的de de 确切què qiè què qiè 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi 需要xū yào xū yào 审查shěn chá shěn chá 具体jù tǐ jù tǐ 条款tiáo kuǎn tiáo kuǎn ，，，但dàn dàn 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 行政法xíng zhèng fǎ xíng zhèng fǎ 通常tōng cháng tōng cháng 在zài zài 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 中zhōng zhōng 承认chéng rèn chéng rèn 自证zì zhèng zì zhèng 其罪qí zuì qí zuì 特权tè quán tè quán [[ [ 77 7 ]] ] 。。。

### What IS Different from Criminal Proceedings

44 4 .. . ** * ** * 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 上诉shàng sù shàng sù 权利quán lì quán lì ** * ** * ：：： eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 决定jué dìng jué dìng 可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 通过tōng guò tōng guò 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 上诉shàng sù shàng sù 法庭fǎ tíng fǎ tíng （（（ AATAAT AAT ）））进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 审查shěn chá shěn chá ，，，该gāi gāi 法庭fǎ tíng fǎ tíng 对duì duì 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 决定jué dìng jué dìng 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 实质性shí zhì xìng shí zhì xìng 审查shěn chá shěn chá [[ [ 88 8 ]] ] 。。。

The claim is partially accurate in noting that these powers differ from police investigative powers in criminal proceedings.

这是zhè shì zhè shì 一种yī zhǒng yī zhǒng 监督jiān dū jiān dū 和hé hé 问责wèn zé wèn zé 机制jī zhì jī zhì 。。。

Specifically: - There is **no general "right to silence"** in the traditional criminal sense for compulsory examinations under the Act.

55 5 .. . ** * ** * 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 监督jiān dū jiān dū ** * ** * ：：：联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 案件àn jiàn àn jiàn 已yǐ yǐ 审查shěn chá shěn chá 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì 。。。

Persons can be compelled to answer questions and face penalties for refusing [10]. - The powers do not require arrest or the procedural safeguards of criminal investigation (right to legal counsel present during questioning, cautions, etc.) [11]. - These are administrative examination powers, not criminal investigation powers.

在zài zài ** * eSafetyeSafety eSafety CommissionerCommissioner Commissioner vv v XX X CorpCorp Corp ** * [[ [ 20242024 2024 ]] ] FCAFCA FCA 499499 499 案中àn zhōng àn zhōng ，，，联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 审查shěn chá shěn chá 了le le 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 对duì duì "" " 一切yī qiè yī qiè 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 措施cuò shī cuò shī "" " 的de de 解释jiě shì jiě shì ，，，并bìng bìng 对duì duì 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 行为xíng wéi xíng wéi 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 了le le 司法sī fǎ sī fǎ 审查shěn chá shěn chá [[ [ 99 9 ]] ] 。。。

###### ### 与yǔ yǔ 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 程序chéng xù chéng xù 的de de 不同之处bù tóng zhī chù bù tóng zhī chù

该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 在zài zài 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 与yǔ yǔ 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 程序chéng xù chéng xù 中zhōng zhōng 的de de 警方jǐng fāng jǐng fāng 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 有所不同yǒu suǒ bù tóng yǒu suǒ bù tóng 时shí shí 是shì shì 部分bù fèn bù fèn 准确zhǔn què zhǔn què 的de de 。。。

具体jù tǐ jù tǐ 而言ér yán ér yán ：：：

-- - 根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 》》》的de de 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá ** * ** * 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 一般性yì bān xìng yì bān xìng 的de de "" " 沉默权chén mò quán chén mò quán "" " ** * ** * ，，，即jí jí 传统chuán tǒng chuán tǒng 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 意义yì yì yì yì 上shàng shàng 的de de 沉默权chén mò quán chén mò quán 。。。

可以kě yǐ kě yǐ 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 人员rén yuán rén yuán 回答huí dá huí dá 问题wèn tí wèn tí ，，，拒绝jù jué jù jué 回答huí dá huí dá 将jiāng jiāng 面临miàn lín miàn lín 处罚chǔ fá chǔ fá [[ [ 1010 10 ]] ] 。。。

-- - 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 不bù bù 需要xū yào xū yào 逮捕dài bǔ dài bǔ 或huò huò 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 调查diào chá diào chá 的de de 程序chéng xù chéng xù 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng （（（接受jiē shòu jiē shòu 询问xún wèn xún wèn 时有shí yǒu shí yǒu 律师lǜ shī lǜ shī 在场zài chǎng zài chǎng 权quán quán 、、、警告jǐng gào jǐng gào 等děng děng ））） [[ [ 1111 11 ]] ] 。。。

-- - 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 是shì shì 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 。。。

缺失背景

###### ### 11 1 .. . 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià

### 1. Comparative Regulatory Framework

该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 将jiāng jiāng 此cǐ cǐ 表述biǎo shù biǎo shù 为wèi wèi eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，但dàn dàn 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 有yǒu yǒu 多个duō gè duō gè 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ：：：

The claim presents this as unique to the eSafety Commissioner, but Australia has multiple regulators with similar compulsory examination powers: - **ACCC** (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission): Has compulsory examination powers under section 19 of the *Australian Consumer Law* [12] - **ASIC** (Australian Securities and Investments Commission): Has examination powers under section 82 of the *Corporations Act* [13] - **AFRSL** (Australian Financial Regulatory Supervisory Liaison): Various financial regulators have similar powers [14] These compulsory examination powers are standard across Australian financial and consumer protection regulators.

-- - ** * ** * ACCCACCC ACCC ** * ** * （（（澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 竞争jìng zhēng jìng zhēng 与yǔ yǔ 消费者xiāo fèi zhě xiāo fèi zhě 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì ）））：：：根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 消费者xiāo fèi zhě xiāo fèi zhě 法fǎ fǎ 》》》第dì dì 1919 19 条tiáo tiáo 拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1212 12 ]] ]

They function similarly to the eSafety Commissioner's powers—civil investigations requiring compulsory evidence production, without traditional criminal "right to silence" protections [15].

-- - ** * ** * ASICASIC ASIC ** * ** * （（（澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 证券zhèng quàn zhèng quàn 与yǔ yǔ 投资tóu zī tóu zī 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì ）））：：：根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《公司法gōng sī fǎ gōng sī fǎ 》》》第dì dì 8282 82 条tiáo tiáo 拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1313 13 ]] ]

### 2. International Comparison

-- - ** * ** * AFRSLAFRSL AFRSL ** * ** * （（（澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 金融监管jīn róng jiān guǎn jīn róng jiān guǎn 联络lián luò lián luò ）））：：：各gè gè 金融监管jīn róng jiān guǎn jīn róng jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 类似lèi sì lèi sì 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1414 14 ]] ]

Other countries have granted similar or broader powers to online safety regulators: - **UK**: The Online Safety Act 2023 grants the Office of Communications (Ofcom) investigation powers, including powers to require information and examine persons [16]. - **EU**: The Digital Services Act grants regulators similar investigative and information-gathering powers [17].

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 是shì shì 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 金融jīn róng jīn róng 和hé hé 消费者xiāo fèi zhě xiāo fèi zhě 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 的de de 标配biāo pèi biāo pèi 。。。

### 3. Labor's Position

它们tā men tā men 的de de 功能gōng néng gōng néng 与yǔ yǔ eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì 类似lèi sì lèi sì —— — —— — 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 提供tí gōng tí gōng 证据zhèng jù zhèng jù 的de de 民事mín shì mín shì 调查diào chá diào chá ，，，不bù bù 具备jù bèi jù bèi 传统chuán tǒng chuán tǒng 刑事xíng shì xíng shì "" " 沉默权chén mò quán chén mò quán "" " 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù [[ [ 1515 15 ]] ] 。。。

The claim comes from a Labor-aligned source, but Labor supported the Online Safety Act 2021: - Labor did not oppose the Act in Parliament [18]. - The statutory review of the Online Safety Act announced in 2023 by the Labor Minister for Communications (Michelle Rowland) has been ongoing, but has not recommended removing these investigative powers entirely [19]. - Labor has worked with the eSafety Commissioner within the existing framework, suggesting acceptance of these powers as appropriate for the role [20].

###### ### 22 2 .. . 国际guó jì guó jì 比较bǐ jiào bǐ jiào

### 4. The "Unelected" Framing

其他qí tā qí tā 国家guó jiā guó jiā 已yǐ yǐ 向xiàng xiàng 其qí qí 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 安全监管ān quán jiān guǎn ān quán jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 授予shòu yǔ shòu yǔ 类似lèi sì lèi sì 或huò huò 更gèng gèng 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì ：：：

The claim emphasizes the Commissioner is "unelected." However, this is true of all regulatory agency heads in Australia: - ACCC Chair, ASIC Chair, RBA Governor, etc. are not directly elected [21]. - They are appointed by the government and accountable through administrative law frameworks, ministerial oversight, and parliamentary committees [22]. - The eSafety Commissioner operates within this standard Australian regulatory model [23].

-- - ** * ** * 英国yīng guó yīng guó ** * ** * ：：： 20232023 2023 年nián nián 《《《在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 安全法ān quán fǎ ān quán fǎ 》》》授予shòu yǔ shòu yǔ 通信tōng xìn tōng xìn 办公室bàn gōng shì bàn gōng shì （（（ OfcomOfcom Ofcom ）））调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，包括bāo kuò bāo kuò 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 信息xìn xī xìn xī 和hé hé 审查shěn chá shěn chá 人员rén yuán rén yuán 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1616 16 ]] ] 。。。

### 5. Why These Powers Exist

-- - ** * ** * 欧盟ōu méng ōu méng ** * ** * ：：：《《《数字shù zì shù zì 服务fú wù fú wù 法fǎ fǎ 》》》授予shòu yǔ shòu yǔ 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá 和hé hé 信息xìn xī xìn xī 收集shōu jí shōu jí 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1717 17 ]] ] 。。。

The examination powers were included because the Act needed to regulate online service providers and investigate breaches of content removal notices.

###### ### 33 3 .. . 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 的de de 立场lì chǎng lì chǎng

Without compulsory examination powers, the Commissioner would be unable to: - Investigate whether platforms are complying with removal notices - Determine responsibility for harmful content - Enforce accountability for breaches [24] This is the same rationale behind ACCC and ASIC examination powers—civil regulatory frameworks require compulsory information-gathering to function.

该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 来自lái zì lái zì 亲qīn qīn 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 的de de 消息来源xiāo xī lái yuán xiāo xī lái yuán ，，，但dàn dàn 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 20212021 2021 年nián nián 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》：：：

-- - 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 在zài zài 议会yì huì yì huì 中zhōng zhōng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn [[ [ 1818 18 ]] ] 。。。

-- - 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 通信tōng xìn tōng xìn 部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng （（（ MichelleMichelle Michelle RowlandRowland Rowland ）））于yú yú 20232023 2023 年nián nián 宣布xuān bù xuān bù 的de de 对duì duì 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》的de de 法定fǎ dìng fǎ dìng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 正在zhèng zài zhèng zài 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 中zhōng zhōng ，，，但dàn dàn 并未bìng wèi bìng wèi 建议jiàn yì jiàn yì 完全wán quán wán quán 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 1919 19 ]] ] 。。。

-- - 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 在zài zài 现有xiàn yǒu xiàn yǒu 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 内nèi nèi 与yǔ yǔ eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 合作hé zuò hé zuò ，，，表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 接受jiē shòu jiē shòu 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 该gāi gāi 职位zhí wèi zhí wèi 适当shì dàng shì dàng 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 2020 20 ]] ] 。。。

###### ### 44 4 .. . "" " 未经wèi jīng wèi jīng 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ "" " 的de de 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià

该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 强调qiáng diào qiáng diào 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 是shì shì "" " 未经wèi jīng wèi jīng 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ 的de de "" " 。。。

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，这zhè zhè 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 负责人fù zé rén fù zé rén ：：：

-- - ACCCACCC ACCC 主席zhǔ xí zhǔ xí 、、、 ASICASIC ASIC 主席zhǔ xí zhǔ xí 、、、澳ào ào 联储lián chǔ lián chǔ 行长háng zhǎng háng zhǎng 等děng děng 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 直接zhí jiē zhí jiē 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ 产生chǎn shēng chǎn shēng [[ [ 2121 21 ]] ] 。。。

-- - 他们tā men tā men 由yóu yóu 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 任命rèn mìng rèn mìng ，，，通过tōng guò tōng guò 行政法xíng zhèng fǎ xíng zhèng fǎ 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 、、、部长bù zhǎng bù zhǎng 监督jiān dū jiān dū 和hé hé 议会yì huì yì huì 委员会wěi yuán huì wěi yuán huì 问责wèn zé wèn zé [[ [ 2222 22 ]] ] 。。。

-- - eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 按照àn zhào àn zhào 这种zhè zhǒng zhè zhǒng 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn 的de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 模式mó shì mó shì 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò [[ [ 2323 23 ]] ] 。。。

###### ### 55 5 .. . 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 存在cún zài cún zài 的de de 原因yuán yīn yuán yīn

审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 被bèi bèi 纳入nà rù nà rù 是因为shì yīn wèi shì yīn wèi 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 需要xū yào xū yào 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 在线zài xiàn zài xiàn 服务提供商fú wù tí gōng shāng fú wù tí gōng shāng 并bìng bìng 调查diào chá diào chá 删除shān chú shān chú 通知tōng zhī tōng zhī 的de de 违规行为wéi guī xíng wéi wéi guī xíng wéi 。。。

没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 将jiāng jiāng 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ ：：：

-- - 调查diào chá diào chá 平台píng tái píng tái 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 遵守zūn shǒu zūn shǒu 删除shān chú shān chú 通知tōng zhī tōng zhī

-- - 确定què dìng què dìng 有害yǒu hài yǒu hài 内容nèi róng nèi róng 的de de 责任zé rèn zé rèn

-- - 对duì duì 违规行为wéi guī xíng wéi wéi guī xíng wéi 执行zhí xíng zhí xíng 问责wèn zé wèn zé [[ [ 2424 24 ]] ]

这zhè zhè 与yǔ yǔ ACCCACCC ACCC 和hé hé ASICASIC ASIC 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 背后bèi hòu bèi hòu 的de de 理由lǐ yóu lǐ yóu 相同xiāng tóng xiāng tóng —— — —— — 民事mín shì mín shì 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià 需要xū yào xū yào 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 信息xìn xī xìn xī 收集shōu jí shōu jí 才能cái néng cái néng 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò 。。。

来源可信度评估

** * ** * 议会yì huì yì huì 来源lái yuán lái yuán ** * ** * ：：：第一个dì yí gè dì yí gè 来源lái yuán lái yuán （（（议会yì huì yì huì 大厦dà shà dà shà 立法lì fǎ lì fǎ 检索jiǎn suǒ jiǎn suǒ ）））是shì shì 可靠kě kào kě kào 的de de 主要zhǔ yào zhǔ yào 来源lái yuán lái yuán ，，，显示xiǎn shì xiǎn shì 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 文本wén běn wén běn 和hé hé 议会yì huì yì huì 历史lì shǐ lì shǐ [[ [ 2525 25 ]] ] 。。。

**Parliamentary Source**: The first source (Parliament House legislative search) is a reliable primary source showing the bill text and parliamentary history [25]. **Facebook Response**: The second source (Facebook's response to the exposure draft) cannot be accessed (404 error) [26], so cannot be verified.

** * ** * FacebookFacebook Facebook 回应huí yìng huí yìng ** * ** * ：：：第二个dì èr gè dì èr gè 来源lái yuán lái yuán （（（ FacebookFacebook Facebook 对duì duì 征求意见zhēng qiú yì jiàn zhēng qiú yì jiàn 稿gǎo gǎo 的de de 回应huí yìng huí yìng ）））无法访问wú fǎ fǎng wèn wú fǎ fǎng wèn （（（ 404404 404 错误cuò wù cuò wù ））） [[ [ 2626 26 ]] ] ，，，因此yīn cǐ yīn cǐ 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 验证yàn zhèng yàn zhèng 。。。

However, Facebook's submissions would be from a platform with direct interest in the regulation and potential bias against regulatory oversight powers.

然而rán ér rán ér ，，， FacebookFacebook Facebook 的de de 意见书yì jiàn shū yì jiàn shū 将jiāng jiāng 来自lái zì lái zì 对duì duì 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 有yǒu yǒu 直接zhí jiē zhí jiē 利益lì yì lì yì 的de de 平台píng tái píng tái ，，，可能kě néng kě néng 对duì duì 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 监督jiān dū jiān dū 权力quán lì quán lì 存在cún zài cún zài 偏见piān jiàn piān jiàn 。。。

While not necessarily unreliable, it would need to be cross-checked against independent sources.

虽然suī rán suī rán 不bù bù 一定yí dìng yí dìng 不bù bù 可靠kě kào kě kào ，，，但dàn dàn 需要xū yào xū yào 与yǔ yǔ 独立dú lì dú lì 来源lái yuán lái yuán 进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 交叉jiāo chā jiāo chā 核查hé chá hé chá 。。。

The claim itself appears to come from advocacy sources critical of the Act, likely selective in their presentation of facts and context.

该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 本身běn shēn běn shēn 似乎sì hū sì hū 来自lái zì lái zì 批评pī píng pī píng 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 的de de 倡导chàng dǎo chàng dǎo 来源lái yuán lái yuán ，，，可能kě néng kě néng 在zài zài 事实shì shí shì shí 和hé hé 背景bèi jǐng bèi jǐng 呈现chéng xiàn chéng xiàn 上shàng shàng 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 选择性xuǎn zé xìng xuǎn zé xìng 。。。

⚖️

工党对比

** * ** * 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 做过zuò guò zuò guò 类似lèi sì lèi sì 的de de 事情shì qíng shì qíng ？？？

**Did Labor do something similar?** Labor did not propose removing these investigative powers from the eSafety Commissioner.

** * ** *

Instead: 1. **Labor Supported the Act**: Labor supported the Online Safety Act 2021 in Parliament without moving amendments to remove investigative powers [27]. 2. **Labor Administration**: Under the Labor government (from 2022 onwards), the eSafety Commissioner has continued to operate with these same powers, indicating Labor accepts them as appropriate [28]. 3. **Statutory Review**: The Labor government initiated a statutory review of the Online Safety Act in 2023, which was examining the Act's operation.

工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 并未bìng wèi bìng wèi 提议tí yì tí yì 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 的de de 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 。。。

However, this review has not recommended removing investigative powers [29]. 4. **No Precedent Removal**: There is no precedent of Labor removing or significantly restricting investigative powers from regulatory agencies (ACCC, ASIC, etc.).

相反xiāng fǎn xiāng fǎn ：：：

Labor generally supports regulatory agency powers as necessary for market and consumer protection [30]. **Conclusion**: This is not a uniquely Coalition policy that Labor would reverse or oppose.

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn ** * ** * ：：：工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 在zài zài 议会yì huì yì huì 中zhōng zhōng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 20212021 2021 年nián nián 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》，，，未wèi wèi 提出tí chū tí chū 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 修正案xiū zhèng àn xiū zhèng àn [[ [ 2727 27 ]] ] 。。。

Both parties support these investigative powers as standard regulatory tools.

22 2 .. . ** * ** * 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng ** * ** * ：：：在zài zài 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng 期间qī jiān qī jiān （（（从cóng cóng 20222022 2022 年nián nián 起qǐ qǐ ））），，， eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 继续jì xù jì xù 以yǐ yǐ 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 相同xiāng tóng xiāng tóng 的de de 权力quán lì quán lì 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò ，，，表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 是shì shì 适当shì dàng shì dàng 的de de [[ [ 2828 28 ]] ] 。。。

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 法定fǎ dìng fǎ dìng 审查shěn chá shěn chá ** * ** * ：：：工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 于yú yú 20232023 2023 年nián nián 启动qǐ dòng qǐ dòng 了le le 对duì duì 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》的de de 法定fǎ dìng fǎ dìng 审查shěn chá shěn chá ，，，该gāi gāi 审查shěn chá shěn chá 一直yì zhí yì zhí 在zài zài 审查shěn chá shěn chá 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn 的de de 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò 情况qíng kuàng qíng kuàng 。。。

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，该gāi gāi 审查shěn chá shěn chá 并未bìng wèi bìng wèi 建议jiàn yì jiàn yì 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 2929 29 ]] ] 。。。

44 4 .. . ** * ** * 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 先例xiān lì xiān lì ** * ** * ：：：工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 取消qǔ xiāo qǔ xiāo 或huò huò 大幅dà fú dà fú 限制xiàn zhì xiàn zhì 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu （（（ ACCCACCC ACCC 、、、 ASICASIC ASIC 等děng děng ）））调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 先例xiān lì xiān lì 。。。

工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 通常tōng cháng tōng cháng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 这是zhè shì zhè shì 市场shì chǎng shì chǎng 和hé hé 消费者xiāo fèi zhě xiāo fèi zhě 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 所suǒ suǒ 必需bì xū bì xū 的de de [[ [ 3030 30 ]] ] 。。。

** * ** * 结论jié lùn jié lùn ** * ** * ：：：这zhè zhè 不是bú shì bú shì 联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu 的de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè ，，，工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 也yě yě 不会bú huì bú huì 撤销chè xiāo chè xiāo 或huò huò 反对fǎn duì fǎn duì 。。。

两党liǎng dǎng liǎng dǎng 都dōu dōu 支持zhī chí zhī chí 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 调查diào chá diào chá 权力quán lì quán lì 作为zuò wéi zuò wéi 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 工具gōng jù gōng jù 。。。

🌐

平衡视角

###### ### 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 的de de 批评pī píng pī píng

### The Legitimate Criticism

关于guān yú guān yú 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 应该yīng gāi yīng gāi 包含bāo hán bāo hán 与yǔ yǔ 刑法xíng fǎ xíng fǎ 相同xiāng tóng xiāng tóng 的de de 完整wán zhěng wán zhěng "" " 沉默权chén mò quán chén mò quán "" " 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù ，，，确实què shí què shí 存在cún zài cún zài 真正zhēn zhèng zhēn zhèng 的de de 辩论biàn lùn biàn lùn ：：：

There is a genuine debate about whether compulsory examination powers should include full "right to silence" protections similar to criminal law: - Some civil liberties advocates argue that when compulsory examination can lead to criminal prosecution (through referrals), procedural safeguards should be equivalent to criminal law [31]. - Legal scholars have debated whether self-incrimination privilege in civil examinations is sufficient protection [32]. - The Federal Court in *eSafety Commissioner v X Corp* suggested Parliament should clarify the scope of the Commissioner's powers to avoid uncertainty and litigation [33].

-- - 一些yī xiē yī xiē 公民自由gōng mín zì yóu gōng mín zì yóu 倡导者chàng dǎo zhě chàng dǎo zhě 认为rèn wéi rèn wéi ，，，当dāng dāng 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 可能kě néng kě néng 导致dǎo zhì dǎo zhì 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 起诉qǐ sù qǐ sù （（（通过tōng guò tōng guò 转介zhuǎn jiè zhuǎn jiè ）））时shí shí ，，，程序chéng xù chéng xù 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng 应yīng yīng 与yǔ yǔ 刑法xíng fǎ xíng fǎ 同等tóng děng tóng děng [[ [ 3131 31 ]] ] 。。。

These are legitimate policy questions about the balance between regulatory effectiveness and individual protections.

-- - 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 学者xué zhě xué zhě 一直yì zhí yì zhí 在zài zài 辩论biàn lùn biàn lùn 民事mín shì mín shì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 中zhōng zhōng 的de de 自证zì zhèng zì zhèng 其罪qí zuì qí zuì 特权tè quán tè quán 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 提供tí gōng tí gōng 足够zú gòu zú gòu 的de de 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù [[ [ 3232 32 ]] ] 。。。

### The Government's Perspective

-- - 联邦lián bāng lián bāng 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 在zài zài ** * eSafetyeSafety eSafety CommissionerCommissioner Commissioner vv v XX X CorpCorp Corp ** * 案中àn zhōng àn zhōng 建议jiàn yì jiàn yì ，，，议会yì huì yì huì 应yīng yīng 澄清chéng qīng chéng qīng 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi ，，，以yǐ yǐ 避免bì miǎn bì miǎn 不确定性bù què dìng xìng bù què dìng xìng 和hé hé 诉讼sù sòng sù sòng [[ [ 3333 33 ]] ] 。。。

The government (both Coalition and Labor) views these powers as essential for the Commissioner to function: 1. **Necessity**: Without examination powers, the Commissioner cannot investigate whether platforms are removing harmful content as required [34]. 2. **Limited Scope**: The powers only apply to investigations under the Online Safety Act—not general surveillance or investigation [35]. 3. **Accountability**: The Commissioner operates under administrative law with AAT review, parliamentary oversight, and court scrutiny [36]. 4. **Consistency**: These powers match standard Australian regulatory practice across multiple agencies [37].

这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 是shì shì 关于guān yú guān yú 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 效力xiào lì xiào lì 与yǔ yǔ 个人gè rén gè rén 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 之间zhī jiān zhī jiān 平衡píng héng píng héng 的de de 合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 问题wèn tí wèn tí 。。。

### Expert Commentary

###### ### 政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ 的de de 观点guān diǎn guān diǎn

The Human Rights Law Centre has noted concerns about the Online Safety Act's powers in court proceedings, but their focus has been on the breadth of removal notice powers rather than specifically calling for criminal law protections in examinations [38].

政府zhèng fǔ zhèng fǔ （（（联盟党lián méng dǎng lián méng dǎng 和hé hé 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng ）））认为rèn wéi rèn wéi 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 对duì duì 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 履行lǚ xíng lǚ xíng 职能zhí néng zhí néng 至关重要zhì guān zhòng yào zhì guān zhòng yào ：：：

Legal scholars acknowledge the tension between regulatory effectiveness and procedural fairness, but this is a design question that applies to many Australian regulators, not unique to the eSafety Commissioner [39].

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 必要性bì yào xìng bì yào xìng ** * ** * ：：：没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 无法wú fǎ wú fǎ 调查diào chá diào chá 平台píng tái píng tái 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 按àn àn 要求yāo qiú yāo qiú 删除shān chú shān chú 有害yǒu hài yǒu hài 内容nèi róng nèi róng [[ [ 3434 34 ]] ] 。。。

22 2 .. . ** * ** * 有限yǒu xiàn yǒu xiàn 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi ** * ** * ：：：这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 仅jǐn jǐn 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 一般性yì bān xìng yì bān xìng 监视jiān shì jiān shì 或huò huò 调查diào chá diào chá [[ [ 3535 35 ]] ] 。。。

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 问责制wèn zé zhì wèn zé zhì ** * ** * ：：：专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 在zài zài 行政法xíng zhèng fǎ xíng zhèng fǎ 下xià xià 运作yùn zuò yùn zuò ，，，接受jiē shòu jiē shòu AATAAT AAT 审查shěn chá shěn chá 、、、议会yì huì yì huì 监督jiān dū jiān dū 和hé hé 法院fǎ yuàn fǎ yuàn 审查shěn chá shěn chá [[ [ 3636 36 ]] ] 。。。

44 4 .. . ** * ** * 一致性yí zhì xìng yí zhì xìng ** * ** * ：：：这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 与yǔ yǔ 多个duō gè duō gè 机构jī gòu jī gòu 的de de 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 实践shí jiàn shí jiàn 相匹配xiāng pǐ pèi xiāng pǐ pèi [[ [ 3737 37 ]] ] 。。。

###### ### 专家zhuān jiā zhuān jiā 评论píng lùn píng lùn

人权rén quán rén quán 法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 中心zhōng xīn zhōng xīn 在zài zài 法庭fǎ tíng fǎ tíng 程序chéng xù chéng xù 中zhōng zhōng 指出zhǐ chū zhǐ chū 了le le 对duì duì 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 担忧dān yōu dān yōu ，，，但dàn dàn 他们tā men tā men 的de de 关注点guān zhù diǎn guān zhù diǎn 一直yì zhí yì zhí 是shì shì 删除shān chú shān chú 通知tōng zhī tōng zhī 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 广度guǎng dù guǎng dù ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 专门zhuān mén zhuān mén 呼吁hū yù hū yù 在zài zài 审查shěn chá shěn chá 中zhōng zhōng 适用shì yòng shì yòng 刑法xíng fǎ xíng fǎ 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù [[ [ 3838 38 ]] ] 。。。

法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 学者xué zhě xué zhě 承认chéng rèn chéng rèn 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 效力xiào lì xiào lì 与yǔ yǔ 程序chéng xù chéng xù 公正gōng zhèng gōng zhèng 之间zhī jiān zhī jiān 存在cún zài cún zài 张力zhāng lì zhāng lì ，，，但dàn dàn 这zhè zhè 是shì shì 一个yí gè yí gè 设计shè jì shè jì 问题wèn tí wèn tí ，，，适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 许多xǔ duō xǔ duō 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu ，，，并非bìng fēi bìng fēi eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu [[ [ 3939 39 ]] ] 。。。

部分属实

5.5

/ 10

《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》确实què shí què shí 授予shòu yǔ shòu yǔ eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 强制qiáng zhì qiáng zhì 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，而ér ér 在zài zài 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 意义yì yì yì yì 上shàng shàng 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 一般性yì bān xìng yì bān xìng 的de de "" " 沉默权chén mò quán chén mò quán "" " 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 。。。

The Online Safety Act does grant the eSafety Commissioner compulsory examination powers without a general "right to silence" protection in the criminal sense.

然而rán ér rán ér ，，，该gāi gāi 声称shēng chēng shēng chēng 具有jù yǒu jù yǒu 误导性wù dǎo xìng wù dǎo xìng ，，，因为yīn wèi yīn wèi ：：：

However, the claim is misleading because: 1. **Protections DO exist**: Legal professional privilege, self-incrimination protections, and administrative law safeguards apply [40]. 2. **This is not unique**: Multiple Australian regulators (ACCC, ASIC, etc.) have identical or broader examination powers without criminal law safeguards [41]. 3. **Labor supports this model**: Labor supported the Act in Parliament and has continued to work with these powers while in government, indicating acceptance of the framework [42]. 4. **The "unelected" criticism applies broadly**: All regulatory agency heads are unelected; this is standard Australian administrative practice [43]. 5. **The scope is narrow**: These powers apply only to investigations under the Online Safety Act, not general authority [44].

11 1 .. . ** * ** * 确实què shí què shí 存在cún zài cún zài 保护措施bǎo hù cuò shī bǎo hù cuò shī ** * ** * ：：：法律fǎ lǜ fǎ lǜ 职业zhí yè zhí yè 特权tè quán tè quán 、、、自证zì zhèng zì zhèng 其罪qí zuì qí zuì 保护bǎo hù bǎo hù 和hé hé 行政法xíng zhèng fǎ xíng zhèng fǎ 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng 适用shì yòng shì yòng [[ [ 4040 40 ]] ] 。。。

The legitimate criticism is not that these powers are unique or inappropriate, but rather that Parliament should clarify the scope of examination powers and consider whether criminal law procedural safeguards should apply when examinations could lead to criminal referrals.

22 2 .. . ** * ** * 这zhè zhè 并非bìng fēi bìng fēi 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu ** * ** * ：：：多个duō gè duō gè 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu （（（ ACCCACCC ACCC 、、、 ASICASIC ASIC 等děng děng ）））拥有yōng yǒu yōng yǒu 相同xiāng tóng xiāng tóng 或huò huò 更gèng gèng 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 的de de 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，而ér ér 没有méi yǒu méi yǒu 刑法xíng fǎ xíng fǎ 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng [[ [ 4141 41 ]] ] 。。。

This is a policy design question applicable across multiple regulators, not unique to the eSafety Commissioner.

33 3 .. . ** * ** * 工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 这一zhè yī zhè yī 模式mó shì mó shì ** * ** * ：：：工党gōng dǎng gōng dǎng 在zài zài 议会yì huì yì huì 中zhōng zhōng 支持zhī chí zhī chí 该gāi gāi 法案fǎ àn fǎ àn ，，，并bìng bìng 在zài zài 执政zhí zhèng zhí zhèng 期间qī jiān qī jiān 继续jì xù jì xù 使用shǐ yòng shǐ yòng 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì ，，，表明biǎo míng biǎo míng 接受jiē shòu jiē shòu 该gāi gāi 框架kuāng jià kuāng jià [[ [ 4242 42 ]] ] 。。。

44 4 .. . ** * ** * "" " 未经wèi jīng wèi jīng 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ "" " 的de de 批评pī píng pī píng 广泛guǎng fàn guǎng fàn 适用shì yòng shì yòng ** * ** * ：：：所有suǒ yǒu suǒ yǒu 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 负责人fù zé rén fù zé rén 都dōu dōu 是shì shì 未经wèi jīng wèi jīng 选举xuǎn jǔ xuǎn jǔ 的de de ；；；这是zhè shì zhè shì 标准biāo zhǔn biāo zhǔn 的de de 澳大利亚ào dà lì yà ào dà lì yà 行政xíng zhèng xíng zhèng 实践shí jiàn shí jiàn [[ [ 4343 43 ]] ] 。。。

55 5 .. . ** * ** * 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi 有限yǒu xiàn yǒu xiàn ** * ** * ：：：这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 仅jǐn jǐn 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 根据gēn jù gēn jù 《《《网络安全wǎng luò ān quán wǎng luò ān quán 法fǎ fǎ 》》》进行jìn xíng jìn xíng 的de de 调查diào chá diào chá ，，，而ér ér 非fēi fēi 一般性yì bān xìng yì bān xìng 权力quán lì quán lì [[ [ 4444 44 ]] ] 。。。

合理hé lǐ hé lǐ 的de de 批评pī píng pī píng 不bù bù 在于zài yú zài yú 这些zhè xiē zhè xiē 权力quán lì quán lì 是shì shì 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu 或huò huò 不bù bù 适当shì dàng shì dàng 的de de ，，，而ér ér 在于zài yú zài yú 议会yì huì yì huì 应yīng yīng 澄清chéng qīng chéng qīng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 权力quán lì quán lì 的de de 范围fàn wéi fàn wéi ，，，并bìng bìng 考虑kǎo lǜ kǎo lǜ 当dāng dāng 审查shěn chá shěn chá 可能kě néng kě néng 导致dǎo zhì dǎo zhì 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 转介时zhuǎn jiè shí zhuǎn jiè shí 是否shì fǒu shì fǒu 应yīng yīng 适用shì yòng shì yòng 刑事xíng shì xíng shì 程序chéng xù chéng xù 保障bǎo zhàng bǎo zhàng 。。。

这是zhè shì zhè shì 一个yí gè yí gè 适用shì yòng shì yòng 于yú yú 多个duō gè duō gè 监管jiān guǎn jiān guǎn 机构jī gòu jī gòu 的de de 政策zhèng cè zhèng cè 设计shè jì shè jì 问题wèn tí wèn tí ，，，并非bìng fēi bìng fēi eSafetyeSafety eSafety 专员zhuān yuán zhuān yuán 独有dú yǒu dú yǒu 。。。

最终评分

5.5

/ 10

部分属实

The Online Safety Act does grant the eSafety Commissioner compulsory examination powers without a general "right to silence" protection in the criminal sense.