Bahagyang Totoo

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Ang Claim

“Gumamit ng meme para matagumpay na maiwasan ng media at mamamayan ang kawalan ng aksyon ng gobyerno matapos maglabas ng ulat na naglalantad ng mga nakakasindak na krimen sa digmaang ginawa ng mga sundalong espesyal ng Australia dahil sa sistemang isyu ng kultura na hindi sinusubukang ayusin ng gobyerno.”
Orihinal na Pinagmulan: Matthew Davis

Orihinal na Pinagmulan

FACTUAL NA BERIPIKASYON

**Ang Ulat Brereton at mga Akusasyon sa Krimen sa Digmaan** Ang claim ay tumutukoy sa Ulat Brereton, na inilabas noong Nobyembre 19, 2020.
**The Brereton Report and War Crimes Allegations** The claim references the Brereton Report, released on November 19, 2020.
Ang ulat ay isang pormal na imbestigasyon ng Inspector-General ng Australian Defence Force sa mga inakusahang krimen sa digmaan ng mga espesyal na puwersa ng Australia sa Afghanistan mula 2005 hanggang 2016 [1].
The report is a formal investigation by the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force into alleged war crimes by Australian special forces in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2016 [1].
Nakahanap ang ulat ng "credible information" na nagkakasala ang mga tauhan ng Australian Defence Force ng malubhang krimen sa digmaan, kabilang ang ilegal na pagpatay ng 39 sibilyan at bilanggo sa Afghanistan [2].
The report found "credible information" that Australian Defence Force personnel committed serious war crimes, including the unlawful killing of 39 Afghan civilians and prisoners [2].
Nakilala ng ulat ang mga sistemang isyu ng kultura sa loob ng mga yunit ng espesyal na puwersa.
The report identified systemic cultural issues within the special forces units.
Ayon sa imbestigasyon, ang mga problemang pangkultura ay nag-ambag sa isang kapaligiran kung saan maaaring mangyari ang mga krimen sa digmaan [3].
According to the investigation, these cultural problems contributed to an environment where war crimes could occur [3].
Gumawa ang ulat ng 143 rekomendasyon para tugunan ang parehong indibidwal na pananagutan at sistemang isyu [4]. **Ang Meme ng Tsina at Timeline** Noong Nobyembre 30, 2020—11 araw matapos mailabas ang Ulat Brereton—nag-post si Zhao Lijian, tagapagsalita ng Ministry of Foreign Affairs ng Tsina, ng pekeng larawan sa Twitter na nagpapakita ng isang sundalong Australian na may hawak na kutsilyo sa leeg ng isang batang Afghan, kasama ang caption na "shocked by murder of Afghan civilians at bilanggo by Australian soldiers.
The report made 143 recommendations to address both individual accountability and systemic issues [4]. **The Chinese Meme and Timeline** On November 30, 2020—11 days after the Brereton Report was released—Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian posted a fake image on Twitter depicting an Australian soldier holding a knife to an Afghan child's throat, with the caption "shocked by murder of Afghan civilians & prisoners by Australian soldiers.
We strongly condemn such acts, at nanawagan na panagutin sila" [5].
We strongly condemn such acts, & call for holding them accountable" [5].
Ito ay nag-trigger ng malakas na tugon mula sa gobyerno.
This prompted a strong government response.
Tinawag ni Prime Minister Scott Morrison ang tweet bilang "repugnant" at hiniling na humingi ng paumanhin ang Tsina [6].
Prime Minister Scott Morrison called the tweet "repugnant" and demanded China apologize [6].
Ang diplomatiko na insidente ay dominating ang mga headline ng media sa loob ng ilang araw, na naglipat ng pokus ng balita mula sa ulat ng krimen sa digmaan [7].
The diplomatic incident dominated media headlines for several days, shifting news focus from the war crimes report [7].

Nawawalang Konteksto

Gayunpaman, ang claim ay naglalaman ng ilang pahayag na nangangailangan ng mas malapit na pagsusuri: **"Gumamit ng meme para matagumpay na maiwasan":** Ang gobyerno ay hindi "gumamit" ng meme—ang gobyerno ng Tsina ang nag-post nito.
However, the claim makes several assertions that require closer examination: **"Used a meme to successfully distract":** The government did not "use" a meme—China's government posted it.
Ipinapahayag ng claim na ang gobyerno ng Australia ang nag-udyok ng meme bilang taktika ng pag-iwas, ngunit ang ebidensya ay nagpapakita na ang Tsina ang nag-post nito bilang pulitikal na pag-atake.
The claim implies the Australian government orchestrated the meme as a distraction tactic, but the evidence shows China posted it as a political attack.
Ito ay isang pangunahing pagkakamali sa katotohanan [8]. **"Kawalan ng aksyon ng gobyerno":** Ang gobyerno ay kumuha ng aksyon bilang tugon sa Ulat Brereton.
This is a fundamental factual error [8]. **"Government's lack of action":** The government did take action in response to the Brereton Report.
Bago mailabas ang ulat, inihayag ng gobyerno na itatag nito ang Office of the Special Investigator (OSI) para imbestigahan at mag-usig ng mga akusasyon sa krimen sa digmaan [9].
Prior to the report's release, the government announced it would establish an Office of the Special Investigator (OSI) to investigate and prosecute war crimes allegations [9].
Tinanggap ng Department of Defence ang lahat ng natuklasan ng Ulat Brereton at nangako na ipatupad ang lahat ng 143 rekomendasyon [10].
The Department of Defence accepted all findings of the Brereton Report and committed to implementing all 143 recommendations [10].
Nangyari ito noong Nobyembre 2020 sa panahon ng pamumuno ni Morrison [11]. **Tugon ng Media sa Meme ng Tsina:** Bagama't ang malakas na tugon ng pamahalaang Morrison sa meme ng Tsina ay dominating ang mga headline, ito ay inisyatiba ng gobyerno ng Tsina—hindi estratehiya ng pag-iwas ng gobyerno ng Australia.
This occurred in November 2020 during the Morrison government's tenure [11]. **Media Response to China's Meme:** While the Morrison government's strong response to China's meme dominated headlines, this was a Chinese government initiative—not an Australian government distraction strategy.
Ang coverage ng balita tungkol sa Ulat Brereton mismo ay malaki: Ang The Guardian, ABC News, CNN, at iba pang malalaking outlet ay malawakang nag-publish tungkol sa ulat bago at pagkatapos ng insidente ng meme [12].
News coverage of the Brereton Report itself was substantial: The Guardian, ABC News, CNN, and other major outlets published extensively on the report both before and after the meme incident [12].
Ang meme ay lumikha ng ikalawang istorya sa balita, ngunit hindi ito nagbura ng coverage sa pangunahing akusasyon sa krimen sa digmaan [13]. **"Walang pagsisikap na ayusin" ang mga sistemang isyu:** Ang pahayag na walang pagsisikap ang gobyerno na ayusin ang mga sistemang isyu ng kultura ay sinasalungat ng ebidensya.
The meme created a secondary news story, but did not erase coverage of the core war crimes allegations [13]. **"Making no attempt to fix" systemic issues:** The claim that the government made no attempt to fix systemic cultural issues is contradicted by evidence.
Ang Department of Defence ay bumuo ng mga komprehensibong inisyatiba sa reporma ng kultura, mga scheme ng kompensasyon, at mga hakbang sa pananagutan [14].
The Department of Defence developed comprehensive cultural reform initiatives, compensation schemes, and accountability measures [14].
Noong Setyembre 2024, isinara na ng gobyerno ang Afghanistan Inquiry Report pagkatapos ipatupad ang mga reporma [15].
As of September 2024, the government had closed the Afghanistan Inquiry Report after implementing reforms [15].

Pagsusuri ng Kredibilidad ng Pinagmulan

**Artikulo ng Guardian:** Ang orihinal na link ng Guardian (mula Nobyembre 19, 2020) ay nagbabalik ngayon ng 404 error, na nagpapahiwatig na ang URL ay maaaring lumang o mali.
**Guardian Article:** The original Guardian link provided (from November 19, 2020) now returns a 404 error, suggesting the URL may be outdated or incorrect.
Gayunpaman, ang Guardian ay isang mainstream, reputable na organisasyon ng balita na may matatag na kredibilidad. **Pinagmulan ng WSWS:** Ang ikalawang pinagmulan (wsws.org) ay ang World Socialist Web Site, isang publikasyon na may malinaw na kaliwang sosyalistang political alignment [16].
However, the Guardian is a mainstream, reputable news organization with established credibility. **WSWS Source:** The second source (wsws.org) is the World Socialist Web Site, a publication with explicit left-wing socialist political alignment [16].
Bagama't hindi ito inherente na disqualifying, ang pinagmulang ito ay may dokumentadong ideological lens na maaaring mag-frame ng mga isyu upang bigyang-diin ang mga pagkabigo ng kapitalista/gobyerno. **Pinagmulan ng Junkee:** Ang Junkee ay isang Australian news at culture site na nag-publish ng kritikal na pagsusuri ng insidente ng meme.
While not inherently disqualifying, this source has a documented ideological lens that may frame issues to emphasize capitalist/government failures. **Junkee Source:** Junkee is an Australian news and culture site that published a critical analysis of the meme incident.
Kinikilala ng artikulo ang pagiging kumplikado ng sitwasyon, kabilang ang pagiging ipokrito sa magkabilang panig (mga kasanayan ng Australia sa offshore detention at mga patakaran ng Tsina sa Uyghur) [17].
The article acknowledges the complexity of the situation, including hypocrisy on both sides (Australia's offshore detention practices and China's Uyghur policies) [17].
Nagbibigay ito ng balanseng pag-uulat habang tinatalakay ang mga lehitimong kritiko.
It provides balanced reporting while noting legitimate criticisms.
⚖️

Paghahambing sa Labor

**Ginawa ba ni Labor ang katulad na bagay?** Isinagawang paghahanap: "Labor government war crimes allegations military accountability Australia" Ang Labor ay naharap sa sarili nitong mga hamon sa pananagutan ng militar: - Ang Labor sa ilalim ni Prime Minister Kevin Rudd ay nagkomisyon ng mga puwersa ng Australia sa Afghanistan noong 2008, na nagpapatuloy ng deployment na nagsimula sa pamumuno ni Howard [18].
**Did Labor do something similar?** Search conducted: "Labor government war crimes allegations military accountability Australia" Labor has faced its own military accountability challenges: - Labor under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd committed Australian forces to Afghanistan in 2008, continuing a deployment that began under the Howard government [18].
Bagama't hindi direktang responsable para sa mga krimen sa digmaan (na nangyari sa panahon ng pamumuno ng Labor at Coalition mula 2005-2016), hindi proaktibong iniimbestiga ng Labor ang mga akusasyon sa panahon ng 2007-2013 nitong panahon sa gobyerno. - Pagkatapos mailabas ang Ulat Brereton noong Nobyembre 2020, ang tugon ng Labor ay kapansin-pansing katulad ng Coalition: Tinawag ni Labor leader Anthony Albanese at Shadow Minister Penny Wong ang parehong pananagutan at pagkakaisa ng "Team Australia" laban sa kritiko ng Tsina, sa halip na gamitin ang insidente ng meme para sa agarang aksyon ng gobyerno [19]. - Nang bumalik ang Labor sa gobyerno noong 2022, nagkomisyon ito ng "full implementation" sa natitirang rekomendasyon ng Ulat Brereton [20].
While not directly responsible for the war crimes (which occurred during both Labor's tenure and the Coalition's tenure between 2005-2016), Labor did not proactively investigate allegations during its 2007-2013 period in government. - Following the Brereton Report's release in November 2020, Labor's response was notably similar to the Coalition's: Labor leader Anthony Albanese and Shadow Minister Penny Wong both called for accountability and "Team Australia" unity against China's criticism, rather than using the meme incident to demand immediate government action [19]. - When Labor returned to government in 2022, it committed to "full implementation" of the Brereton Report's remaining recommendations [20].
Tandaan sa pahayag ng Defense na ang mga rekomendasyon ay "na-address sa buong tenure ng parehong Labor at Coalition Governments" [21]. **Finding:** Hindi naharap ang Labor sa katulad na mga akusasyon sa krimen sa digmaan habang nasa gobyerno.
Defense statement notes that recommendations have been "addressed across the tenure of both Labor and Coalition Governments" [21]. **Finding:** Labor has not faced equivalent war crimes allegations while in government.
Ang parehong pangunahing partido ay humawak ng internasyonal na pananagutan sa militar sa pamamagitan ng mga pormal na imbestigasyon at institutional responses sa halip na political posturing sa paligid ng mga simbolikong insidente.
Both major parties have handled international military accountability through formal investigations and institutional responses rather than political posturing around symbolic incidents.
🌐

Balanseng Pananaw

**Lehitimong mga Kritiko:** Ang claim ay nagtataas ng mga lehitimong alalahanin tungkol sa tugon ng gobyerno sa mga krimen sa digmaan: 1. **Pangunahing institutional resistance:** Ang Ulat Brereton mismo ay nagdokumento ng "kultura ng pagtatago at pagtatakip" sa loob ng Defence, na may paglaban mula sa loob ng SAS sa pagtatawid ng katotohanan [22].
**Legitimate Criticisms:** The claim raises valid concerns about government response to war crimes: 1. **Initial institutional resistance:** The Brereton Report itself documented a "culture of secrecy and cover-up" within Defence, with resistance from within the SAS to truth-telling [22].
Ang isang abogado ng hukbo, si David McBride, ay naharap sa pagkakakulong sa buhay para sa whistleblowing, at ang ABC ay sinakop at ang mga mamamahayag ay binantaang dahil sa pag-uulat ng mga krimen sa digmaan [23]. 2. **Mabagal na bilis ng pag-uusig:** Bagama't ang Office of the Special Investigator ay itinatag upang imbestigahan at mag-usig, noong Oktubre 2024, walang indibidwal na na-refer para sa mga kaso ng krimen sa digmaan [24].
An army lawyer, David McBride, faced life imprisonment for whistleblowing, and the ABC was raided and journalists threatened for reporting on war crimes [23]. 2. **Slow prosecution pace:** While the Office of the Special Investigator was established to investigate and prosecute, as of October 2024, no individuals had been referred for war crimes charges [24].
Nagmumungkahi ito na ang pag-usad ng imbestigasyon ay mas mabagal kaysa sa inaasahan. 3. **Kumplikasyon ng cultural reform:** Ang pagtugon sa mga sistemang isyu ng kultura sa mga organisasyong militar ay kilalang mahirap at mabagal, na nangangailangan ng tuluy-tuloy na pagkomisyon sa maraming mga gobyerno [25]. **Mga Paliwanag at Aksyon ng Gobyerno:** 1. **Pormal na mga istraktura ng pananagutan:** Ang pamahalaang Morrison ay nagtatag ng OSI na partikular na upang imbestigahan ang mga krimen sa digmaan—itong isang institutional accountability mechanism, hindi pagkawala ng aksyon [26]. 2. **Pagtanggap sa lahat ng mga natuklasan:** Ang Department of Defence ay tinanggap ang lahat ng natuklasan ng Ulat Brereton nang walang pagtatanggol o pagtanggi [27]. 3. **Patuloy na pagpapatupad:** Ang gobyerno ay nagpatupad ng mga scheme ng kompensasyon, reporma sa mga kasanayan sa pagsasanay, at hininarap ang mga isyung structural na nakilala sa ulat [28]. 4. **Bipartisan na pagpapatuloy:** Nang dumating ang Labor sa kapangyarihan noong 2022, ipinagpatuloy nito ang pagpapatupad ng mga rekomendasyon, na tinatrato ito bilang isang pambansang isyu sa halip na isyu ng partido [29]. **Nag-iwas ba ang Meme?** Ang pangunahing pahayag ng claim—na ang gobyerno ay "gumamit ng meme para matagumpay na maiwasan"—ay mali sa katotohanan.
This suggests investigation progress has been slower than might be hoped. 3. **Cultural reform complexity:** Addressing systemic cultural issues in military organizations is notoriously difficult and slow, requiring sustained commitment across multiple governments [25]. **Government's Justifications and Actions:** 1. **Formal accountability structures:** The Morrison government established the OSI specifically to investigate war crimes—this is an institutional accountability mechanism, not inaction [26]. 2. **Acceptance of all findings:** The Department of Defence accepted all findings of the Brereton Report without defensiveness or denial [27]. 3. **Ongoing implementation:** The government implemented compensation schemes, reformed training practices, and addressed structural issues identified in the report [28]. 4. **Bipartisan continuation:** When Labor came to power in 2022, it continued implementation of recommendations, treating this as a national issue rather than a partisan one [29]. **Did the Meme Distract?** The claim's core assertion—that the government "used a meme to successfully distract"—is factually incorrect.
Gayunpaman, mayroong lehitimong ikalawang punto: ang timing at intensity ng tugon ng gobyerno sa meme ng Tsina ay maaaring naglipat ng pokus ng media mula sa makabuluhang talakayan ng mga natuklasan ng krimen sa digmaan.
However, there is a legitimate secondary point: the timing and intensity of the government's response to China's meme may have shifted media focus away from substantive discussion of the war crimes findings.
Ang coverage ng balita ay lumipat mula sa mga mekanismo ng pananagutan sa mga tensyon sa diplomatiko [30].
News coverage shifted from accountability mechanisms to diplomatic tensions [30].
Gayunpaman, ito ay sumasalamin sa normal na dinamika ng siklo ng balita at aksyon ng gobyernong Tsino, hindi sa sinadyang pag-iwas ng Coalition.
However, this reflects normal news cycle dynamics and Chinese government action, not deliberate Coalition distraction.
Ang malakas na tugon ng gobyerno sa meme ng Tsina ay kinakailangang pampulitika (ang pagiging mahina sa mga pag-atake ng Tsina ay magiging mahal domestiko), at ang substansiya ng mga natuklasan ng Brereton ay patuloy na tumanggap ng coverage sa mga seryosong outlet ng media [31].
The government's strong response to China's meme was politically necessary (appearing weak on Chinese attacks would have been costly domestically), and the substance of the Brereton findings continued to receive coverage in serious media outlets [31].

BAHAGYANG TOTOO

4.0

sa 10

Ang core claim ay naglalaman ng pangunahing pagkakamali sa katotohanan: ang gobyerno ay hindi "gumamit" ng meme—ang Tsina ang nag-post nito bilang pulitikal na pag-atake.
The core claim contains a fundamental factual error: the government did not "use" a meme—China posted it as a political attack.
Tama ang claim sa pagkilala na ang meme ay na-post 11 araw matapos ang Ulat Brereton (Nobyembre 19) at dominating ang mga headline, ngunit mali ang pag-aatribusyon ng agency sa gobyerno ng Australia.
The claim correctly identifies that a meme was posted 11 days after the Brereton Report (November 19) and dominated headlines, but incorrectly attributes agency to the Australian government.
Gayunpaman, ang pahayag ng claim tungkol sa "kawalan ng aksyon" ng gobyerno ay sinasalungat ng ebidensya: ang gobyerno ay nagtatag ng mga mekanismo ng pag-uusig, tinanggap ang lahat ng natuklasan ng ulat, at nagpatupad ng mga institutional reform [32].
However, the claim's assertion about the "government's lack of action" is contradicted by evidence: the government established prosecution mechanisms, accepted all report findings, and implemented institutional reforms [32].
Ang pahayag na ang gobyerno ay gumawa ng "walang pagsisikap na ayusin" ang mga sistemang isyu ay gayundin na walang suporta—komprehensibong mga reporma sa kultura at structural ang ipinatupad [33].
The claim that the government made "no attempt to fix" systemic issues is similarly unsupported—comprehensive cultural and structural reforms were implemented [33].
Ang claim ay nagtataas ng lehitimong punto tungkol sa institutional resistance sa pananagutan at ang bilis ng mga pag-uusig, ngunit labis na pinalaki ito bilang kumpletong kawalan ng aksyon.
The claim does raise a legitimate point about institutional resistance to accountability and the pace of prosecutions, but overstates this as complete inaction.
Ang paglalarawan ay mas akma sa "mabagal, hindi sapat na pag-usad" sa halip na "walang aksyon."
The characterization is more consistent with "slow, insufficient progress" rather than "no action."

📚 MGA PINAGMULAN AT SANGGUNIAN (22)

  1. 1
    War crimes in Afghanistan: the Brereton Report and the Office of the Special Investigator

    War crimes in Afghanistan: the Brereton Report and the Office of the Special Investigator

    Key issue A 2020 report of the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force found credible information of war crimes committed by the ADF in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2016. The Office of the Special Investigator (OSI) is investigating these accusations. To date,

    Aph Gov
  2. 2
    Brereton Report - Wikipedia

    Brereton Report - Wikipedia

    Wikipedia
  3. 3
    Australia's war crimes in Afghanistan — how could those up the chain ever let this happen?

    Australia's war crimes in Afghanistan — how could those up the chain ever let this happen?

    While Thursday's release of the Brereton report was a huge moment, it actually marks the middle of a process, writes Michelle Grattan.

    Abc Net
  4. 4
    minister.defence.gov.au

    Statement on the closure of the Afghanistan Inquiry Report

    Minister Defence Gov

  5. 5
    China And Australia Are Fighting Over A War Crimes Meme. Here's What You Need To Know

    China And Australia Are Fighting Over A War Crimes Meme. Here's What You Need To Know

    The PM wants the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs to apologise, but they've just doubled down, saying "the Australian Government should do some soul searching".

    Junkee
  6. 6
    Australia demands apology after China's Zhao Lijian tweets 'falsified image'

    Australia demands apology after China's Zhao Lijian tweets 'falsified image'

    Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison has demanded the Chinese government delete a “repugnant” and “falsified image” on Twitter that appears to show an Australian soldier threatening to slit a child’s throat.

    CNN
  7. 7
    Tweet storm shows China aims to project power through provocation

    Tweet storm shows China aims to project power through provocation

    On 30 November, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Zhao Lijian tweeted an artist’s interpretation of the war crime allegations made against Australian special forces soldiers. The image provoked a strong response from Australian Prime ...

    The Strategist
  8. 8
    China unleashes fearsome new cyber-weapon: A very provocative meme

    China unleashes fearsome new cyber-weapon: A very provocative meme

    This one has Australia, America, even the wine-drinking world angry

    Theregister
  9. 9
    Special investigator appointed to prosecute Australian soldiers accused of war crimes

    Special investigator appointed to prosecute Australian soldiers accused of war crimes

    A special investigator will be appointed to prosecute allegations of Australian war crimes in Afghanistan as the Government prepares to release a long-awaited report into the conduct of special forces during the conflict.

    Abc Net
  10. 10
    2020 Brereton Report

    2020 Brereton Report

    (Content Pending)   ‘War crimes in Afghanistan: the Brereton Report and the Office of the Special Investigator” by Dr Shannon Torrens, included  in the Briefing Book Article, 47th Parliament, June 2022, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_departments/Parliamentary_Library/Research/Briefing_Book/47th_Parliament/BreretonReport Key issue(s): A 2020 report of the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force found credible information of war crimes […]

    JulianKnight.com.au
  11. 11
    Afghanistan panel suggests military top brass be held 'accountable' for war crimes

    Afghanistan panel suggests military top brass be held 'accountable' for war crimes

    An independent panel found a lack of accountability from Australia's military top brass over alleged war crimes has generated "anger and bitter resentment" among troops and veterans.

    Abc Net
  12. 12
    Brereton report on Australian war crimes throws light on a culture of secrecy and cover-up

    Brereton report on Australian war crimes throws light on a culture of secrecy and cover-up

    The Morrison Government has keenly used the military as props, but now horrific war crime revelations must spur more openness from the Government and Defence Force alike, writes Laura Tingle.

    Abc Net
  13. 13
    Defence closes Afghanistan Inquiry Report

    Defence closes Afghanistan Inquiry Report

    Mr Speaker,In 2016 the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force commissioned a judicial officer, Major General the Honourable Paul Brereton

    Mirage News
  14. 14
    Defence Department sets out compensation plan for unlawful Afghanistan killings

    Defence Department sets out compensation plan for unlawful Afghanistan killings

    The Australian government has laid out how it will compensate the families of people found to have been unlawfully killed or abused by Australian special forces in Afghanistan.

    Abc Net
  15. 15
    wsws.org

    World Socialist Web Site - About

    Wsws

    Original link no longer available
  16. 16
    China And Australia Are Fighting Over A War Crimes Meme

    China And Australia Are Fighting Over A War Crimes Meme

    The PM wants the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs to apologise, but they've just doubled down, saying "the Australian Government should do some soul searching".

    Junkee
  17. 17
    en.wikipedia.org

    Australia's involvement in Afghanistan - Wikipedia

    En Wikipedia

  18. 18
    PDF

    War Crimes: Where do Responsibility and Accountability Start and End?

    Australiainstitute Org • PDF Document
  19. 19
    Why allegations of war crimes against Australian Defence Force soldiers may not result in prosecutions

    Why allegations of war crimes against Australian Defence Force soldiers may not result in prosecutions

    Questions are being raised about how alleged war crimes by the Australian Defence Force are investigated, following the response to the Brereton inquiry.

    Abc Net
  20. 20
    PDF

    Implementing the Brereton Report Recommendations: Reparations for Afghan Victims of Australian Special Forces Abuses

    Acij Org • PDF Document
  21. 21
    Special investigator to prosecute alleged war crimes by Australian soldiers in Afghanistan

    Special investigator to prosecute alleged war crimes by Australian soldiers in Afghanistan

    Prime Minister Scott Morrison foreshadowed “difficult and hard news" ahead of the release of a report into the allegations next week.

    SBS News
  22. 22
    China scores a direct hit against Australia with 'shitpost diplomacy'

    China scores a direct hit against Australia with 'shitpost diplomacy'

    Zhao Lijian's 'shitpost' on Twitter provoked exactly the desired reaction from Canberra.

    Crikey

Pamamaraan ng Rating Scale

1-3: MALI

Hindi tama sa katotohanan o malisyosong gawa-gawa.

4-6: BAHAGYA

May katotohanan ngunit kulang o baluktot ang konteksto.

7-9: HALOS TOTOO

Maliit na teknikal na detalye o isyu sa pagkakasulat.

10: TUMPAK

Perpektong na-verify at patas ayon sa konteksto.

Pamamaraan: Ang mga rating ay tinutukoy sa pamamagitan ng cross-referencing ng opisyal na mga rekord ng pamahalaan, independiyenteng mga organisasyong nag-fact-check, at mga primaryang dokumento.