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C0007

Ang Claim

“Pinaapat na ang net na utang ng gobyerno. Panahon ng Pagsusuri: Pamahalaan ng Koalisyon (2013-2022)”
Buwis
Orihinal na Pinagmulan: Matthew Davis
Sinuri: 29 Jan 2026

Orihinal na Pinagmulan

✅ FACTUAL NA BERIPIKASYON

Ang paghahambing na "pinaapat" ng Koalisyon ang net na utang ng gobyerno ay nangangailangan ng tumpak na pagsusuri sa mga numero [1]. **Net na Utang sa mga Panahon ng Eleksyon:** - Setyembre 2013 (umupo ang Koalisyon): A$174.5 bilyong net na utang [1] - Mayo 2022 (umalis ang Koalisyon): A$517 bilyong net na utang [2] Ito ay kumakatawan sa multiplier na humigit-kumulang **2.96 beses** (o humigit-kumulang **triple**, hindi quadruple) [1] [2]. **Sumusuportang Pagsusuri:** - Mula Hulyo 2013 hanggang Hulyo 2018: Tumaas ang net na utang mula A$174.5 bilyon hanggang A$341.0 bilyon, humigit-kumulang na doble sa loob ng 5 taon [3] - Ang paghahambing na "limang beses" na mas mataas (sinabi ni dating PM Kevin Rudd) ay na-fact-check bilang "Karamihan ay Maling" ng AAP FactCheck, na nagtukoy na ang net na utang ay humigit-kumulang 4.2 beses na mas mataas noong 2021/22 [1] - Sa katapusan ng 2021/22 (ang huling buong taon sa ilalim ng Koalisyon), ang net na utang ay A$592.2 bilyon, na 3.7 beses ang antas noong 2012/13 [1] **Konklusyon sa Katumpakan ng mga Fakta**: Ang paghahambing na "pinaapat" ay **sobrang pahayag**.
The claim that the Coalition "quadrupled" government net debt requires precise examination of the figures [1]. **Net Debt at Election Points:** - September 2013 (Coalition takes office): A$174.5 billion net debt [1] - May 2022 (Coalition leaves office): A$517 billion net debt [2] This represents a multiplication factor of approximately **2.96 times** (or roughly **triple**, not quadruple) [1] [2]. **Supporting Analysis:** - From July 2013 to July 2018: Net debt rose from A$174.5 billion to A$341.0 billion, roughly doubling over a 5-year period [3] - The claim of "five times" higher (made by former PM Kevin Rudd) was fact-checked as "Mostly False" by AAP FactCheck, which determined net debt was approximately 4.2 times higher by 2021/22 [1] - At the end of 2021/22 (the last full year under Coalition), net debt was A$592.2 billion, which is 3.7 times the 2012/13 level [1] **Conclusion on Factual Accuracy**: The claim of "quadrupling" is **overstated**.
 Triple (hindi quadruple) ang net na utang sa ilalim ng pamahalaan ng Koalisyon kapag sinusukat mula Setyembre 2013 hanggang Mayo 2022 [1] [2].
Net debt tripled (not quadrupled) under the Coalition government when measured from September 2013 to May 2022 [1] [2].

Nawawalang Konteksto

Ang paghahambing ay hindi naglalaman ng mga kritikal na kontekstwal na salik na nagpapaliwanag sa pagdami ng utang [4] [5] [6]. 1. **Minanang Posisyon sa Utang**: Iniwan ng Labor ang pamahalaan ng Koalisyon na may A$159.6 bilyon sa net na utang sa katapusan ng 2012/13 [1].
The claim omits critical contextual factors that explain the debt accumulation [4] [5] [6]. 1. **Inherited Debt Position**: Labor left the Coalition government with A$159.6 billion in net debt at the end of 2012/13 [1].
 Minana ng Koalisyon ang kasalukuyang pasanin sa utang mula sa mga pamahalaang Rudd/Gillard, na nagkaroon ng malalaking deficits pagkatapos ng Global Financial Crisis noong 2008-09 [5]. 2. **Rekord ng Deficit ng Labor**: Sa panahon ng pamahalaang Labor (2007-2013, kasama ang panahon ng GFC), tumaas ang net na utang ng humigit-kumulang A$197 bilyon - humigit-kumulang A$30 bilyon na MAS MATAAS kaysa sa pagtaas sa unang limang taon ng Koalisyon [3].
The Coalition inherited this existing debt burden from the Rudd/Gillard governments, which had run large deficits following the Global Financial Crisis in 2008-09 [5]. 2. **Labor's Deficit Record**: During the Labor government (2007-2013, including the GFC period), net debt rose by approximately A$197 billion - about A$30 billion MORE than increased during the Coalition's first five years [3].
 Ang pinakamalaking isang taong deficit ng Labor ay A$54.5 bilyon noong 2009/10, ang pinakamalaki bago ang COVID-19 pandemya [5]. 3. **COVID-19 Pandemic Spending**: Ang karamihan sa pagtaas ng net na utang ay naganap noong 2020-2022 dahil sa walang precedent na pandemic-related government spending [4].
Labor's largest single deficit was A$54.5 billion in 2009/10, the largest prior to COVID-19 pandemic [5]. 3. **COVID-19 Pandemic Spending**: The majority of the net debt increase occurred during 2020-2022 due to unprecedented pandemic-related government spending [4].
 Tumalon ang deficit mula A$0.7 bilyon noong 2018/19 hanggang A$85.3 bilyon noong 2019/20 (COVID economic support), at umabot sa A$134.2 bilyon noong 2020/21 [5].
The deficit jumped from A$0.7 billion in 2018/19 to A$85.3 billion in 2019/20 (COVID economic support), and peaked at A$134.2 billion in 2020/21 [5].
 Largely bipartisan ang gastusin na ito, na sinuportahan ng Labor ang karamihan sa mga hakbang ng Koalisyon laban sa pandemya [6]. 4. **Deficit vs.
This spending was largely bipartisan, with Labor supporting most Coalition pandemic measures [6]. 4. **Deficit vs.
 Utang**: Ang taunang deficit (funding gap) at cumulative net na utang ay magkakaibang sukatan.
Debt**: The annual deficit (funding gap) and cumulative net debt are distinct measures.
 Umabot sa A$134.2 bilyon ang deficit noong 2020/21, humigit-kumulang 2.5 beses ang deficit ng Labor noong 2009/10 [5].
The deficit peaked in 2020/21 at A$134.2 billion, approximately 2.5 times Labor's 2009/10 deficit [5].
 Gayunpaman, ang mga deficit ay bumababa sa paglipas ng panahon sa pamamagitan ng mga pag-adjust sa budget, habang ang utang ay nagdarami sa kasaysayan. 5. **Net Debt to GDP Ratio**: Sa halip na absolute dollars, ang mga economist ay prayoridad ang net debt-to-GDP ratio bilang sukatan ng sustainability [3] [6].
However, deficits reduce over time through budget adjustments, while debt accumulates historically. 5. **Net Debt to GDP Ratio**: Rather than absolute dollars, economists prioritize the net debt-to-GDP ratio as a sustainability measure [3] [6].
 Tumaas ang ratio na ito mula 11.3% noong Setyembre 2013 hanggang 18.3% noong Hulyo 2016, pagkatapos ay stabilized sa humigit-kumulang 18.6% [3].
This ratio rose from 11.3% in September 2013 to 18.3% by July 2016, then stabilized around 18.6% [3].
 Sa kabilang banda, umabot sa higit 120% ang debt-to-GDP ratio ng Australia pagkatapos ng World War II [6]. 6. **International Comparison**: Sa kabila ng pagtaas, ang utang ng gobyerno ng Australia ay nananatiling relatibong mababa sa pandaigdigan.
By contrast, Australia's debt-to-GDP ratio peaked at over 120% following World War II [6]. 6. **International Comparison**: Despite increases, Australian government debt remains relatively low internationally.
 Sa just below 60% gross debt-to-GDP, ang ratio ng Australia ay: - Mas mababa sa kalahati ng ratio ng US - Mas mababa sa quarter ng ratio ng Japan - Mas mababa sa lahat ng G7 members [6]
At just below 60% gross debt-to-GDP, Australia's ratio is: - Less than half the US ratio - Less than a quarter of Japan's ratio - Lower than all G7 members [6]

Pagsusuri ng Kredibilidad ng Pinagmulan

**Trading Economics**: Isang reputable financial data platform na nagbibigay ng objective macroeconomic statistics [7].
**Trading Economics**: A reputable financial data platform that provides objective macroeconomic statistics [7].
 Naglathala ang site ng data mula sa mga opisyal na pinagmulan kabilang ang government finance statistics at central banks.
The site publishes data from official sources including government finance statistics and central banks.
 Walang halatang political bias sa presentation ng data, bagama't maaaring mag-iba ang interpretation ng data [7]. **ABC News**: Ang Australian Broadcasting Corporation ang pambansang public broadcaster at pangkalahatang nagpapanatili ng editorial standards na consistent sa mainstream journalism [8].
No apparent political bias in data presentation, though interpretation of data can vary [7]. **ABC News**: The Australian Broadcasting Corporation is the national public broadcaster and generally maintains editorial standards consistent with mainstream journalism [8].
 Ang tiyak na artikulo na nasipi ay inilathala noong Marso 2022 at kumakatawan sa news reporting sa halip na opinyon [8].
The specific article cited was published in March 2022 and represents news reporting rather than opinion [8].
 Gayunpaman, ang headline ay nakatuon sa "dobleng" utang na sumasalamin sa political debate framing sa halip na objective analysis [8]. **Labor-Aligned Source (mdavis.xyz)**: Nagmula ang paghahambing mula sa isang Labor-aligned source.
However, the headline focuses on debt "doubling" which reflects political debate framing rather than objective analysis [8]. **Labor-Aligned Source (mdavis.xyz)**: The claim originates from a Labor-aligned source.
 Ang framing ng "pinaapat" ay tila dinisenyo upang bigyang-diin ang Coalition fiscal failure nang hindi kinikilala na: - Ang Labor ay nag-accumulate din ng substantial debt sa panahon ng GFC - Largely bipartisan ang COVID spending - Ang sukat (absolute dollars) ay mas hindi makabuluhan kaysa sa debt-to-GDP ratios [2]
The framing of "quadrupled" appears designed to emphasize Coalition fiscal failure without acknowledging: - That Labor also accumulated substantial debt during the GFC - That COVID spending was largely bipartisan - That the measure (absolute dollars) is less meaningful than debt-to-GDP ratios [2]
⚖️

Paghahambing sa Labor

**Nagawa ba ng Labor ang katulad na bagay?** **Search na isinagawa**: "Labor government Australia net debt spending deficits Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard 2007-2013" **Natagpuan**: Ang pag-accumulate ng net na utang ng pamahalaang Labor (2007-2013) ay substantial at maaaring comparable [5] [9]. **Direktang Pagkumpara:** | Sukatan | Labor (2007-2013) | Koalisyon (2013-2022) | |--------|-------------------|----------------------| | **Pagtaas ng Net na Utang** | A$197 bilyon (mula sa halos zero hanggang A$159.6B) | A$357.5 bilyon (A$174.5B hanggang A$532B) | | **Pinakamalaking Taunang Deficit** | A$54.5 bilyon (2009/10, GFC response) | A$134.2 bilyon (2020/21, COVID response) | | **Taon sa opisina** | ~6 taon | ~9 taon | | **Pangunahing external crisis** | Global Financial Crisis | COVID-19 Pandemya | | **Debt-to-GDP trajectory** | Tumaas mula 0% (surplus) hanggang ~11% | Tumaas mula ~11% hanggang ~18% | **Pangunahing Natagpuan**: Mas maraming net na utang ang na-accumulate ng Labor sa mas kaunting taon (A$197B sa 6 taon = A$32.8B/taon average) kumpara sa rate ng Koalisyon bago ang COVID (A$167B net increase sa unang 5 taon = A$33.4B/taon), na nagmumungkahi ng comparable fiscal patterns sa panahon ng crisis [3] [5].
**Did Labor do something similar?** **Search conducted**: "Labor government Australia net debt spending deficits Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard 2007-2013" **Finding**: Labor government accumulation of net debt (2007-2013) was substantial and arguably comparable [5] [9]. **Direct Comparison:** | Metric | Labor (2007-2013) | Coalition (2013-2022) | |--------|-------------------|----------------------| | **Net Debt Increase** | A$197 billion (from near-zero to A$159.6B) | A$357.5 billion (A$174.5B to A$532B) | | **Largest Annual Deficit** | A$54.5 billion (2009/10, GFC response) | A$134.2 billion (2020/21, COVID response) | | **Years in office** | ~6 years | ~9 years | | **Major external crisis** | Global Financial Crisis | COVID-19 Pandemic | | **Debt-to-GDP trajectory** | Rose from 0% (surplus) to ~11% | Rose from ~11% to ~18% | **Key Finding**: Labor accumulated more net debt in fewer years (A$197B in 6 years = A$32.8B/year average) compared to the Coalition's rate before COVID (A$167B net increase over first 5 years = A$33.4B/year), suggesting comparable fiscal patterns during crisis periods [3] [5].
 Gayunpaman, ang kabuuang pagtaas ng Koalisyon ay mas malaki dahil: 1.
However, the Coalition's total increase was larger because: 1.
 Mas matagal itong naglingkod (9 vs. 6 taon) 2.
It served longer (9 vs. 6 years) 2.
 Nilikha ng COVID-19 ang mas malalaking deficits kaysa sa panahon ng GFC [5] 3.
COVID-19 created larger deficits than even the GFC period initially [5] 3.
 Walang pamahalaang nag-adjust ng gastusin pababa habang nagpatuloy ang COVID spending sa 2021-22 [4] **Comparative Context**: Parehong ipinakita ng dalawang pangunahing partido ang kanilang kahandaan na mag-accumulate ng substantial debt sa panahon ng economic crises.
No government adjusted spending downward as COVID spending continued through 2021-22 [4] **Comparative Context**: Both major parties have demonstrated willingness to accumulate substantial debt during economic crises.
 Ang tanong ay hindi kung ang pagtaas ng utang ay nangyayari (nangyayari sa ilalim ng parehong partido), kung ito ay justified ng mga pangyayaring pang-ekonomiya at kung nakamit ba nito ang inilaang mga kinalabasan [5] [6].
The question is not whether debt increases occur (they do under both parties), but whether the spending was justified by the economic circumstances and whether it achieved intended outcomes [5] [6].
🌐

Balanseng Pananaw

**Mga Puna sa Pag-accumulate ng Utang ng Koalisyon:** Habang ipinapahayag ng mga critic na ang Koalisyon ay reckless sa utang, may ilang salik na dapat isaalang-alang [1] [5]: 1. **Pre-COVID Trajectory**: Bago ang COVID (2013-2019), sinusubukan ng Koalisyon na bawasan ang deficit at i-stabilize ang debt-to-GDP.
**Criticisms of Coalition Debt Accumulation:** While critics argue the Coalition was reckless with debt, several factors warrant consideration [1] [5]: 1. **Pre-COVID Trajectory**: Before COVID (2013-2019), the Coalition was attempting to reduce the deficit and stabilize debt-to-GDP.
 Bumaba ang deficit sa A$0.7 bilyon noong 2018/19, na nagmumungkahi ng mas disiplinadong fiscal trajectory bago sinira ng pandemya ang lahat ng fiscal plano [5]. 2. **COVID Response**: Ang walang precedent na scale ng COVID deficits (A$85-134 bilyon taun-taon sa 2020-21) ay isang global phenomenon.
The deficit fell to A$0.7 billion by 2018/19, suggesting a more disciplined fiscal trajectory before the pandemic disrupted all fiscal plans [5]. 2. **COVID Response**: The unprecedented scale of COVID deficits (A$85-134 billion annually in 2020-21) was a global phenomenon.
 Karamihan sa mga economist sa iba't ibang partido ang sumuporta sa emergency spending upang maiwasan ang economic collapse [5] [6].
Most economists across parties supported emergency spending to prevent economic collapse [5] [6].
 Sinuportahan ng Labor ang karamihan sa mga hakbang ng Koalisyon laban sa pandemya sa Parlamento. 3. **Bipartisan Support**: Ang mga pangunahing pandemic spending measures ay eksplisitong sinuportahan ng Labor.
Labor supported most Coalition pandemic measures in Parliament. 3. **Bipartisan Support**: The major pandemic spending measures were explicitly supported by Labor.
 Nang pinuna ni Kevin Rudd ang antas ng utang noong Marso 2022, pinuna niya ang pangkalahatang pamamahala ng gobyerno, ngunit ito ay nagkukubli sa katotohanan na siya at ang Labor ay nag-endorso ng emergency spending [1] [5]. **Mga Makatwirang Pag-aalala Tungkol sa Pamamahala ng Koalisyon sa Fiscal:** 1. **Inadequate Deficit Reduction Post-GFC**: Sa pagitan ng 2013 at 2019, habang bumuti ang deficit, hindi nakamit ng Koalisyon ang makabuluhang budget surpluses hanggang 2019/20 (naabot bahagi dahil sa mga benepisyo sa presyo ng iron ore, hindi structural budget improvements) [1] [5]. 2. **Tax Cuts Sa panahon ng Debt Accumulation**: Hinabol ng Koalisyon ang tax cuts (lalo na ang stage 3 tax cuts na pinalawig ng Labor mula 2024) habang nag-accumulate ng utang.
When Kevin Rudd criticized debt levels in March 2022, he was criticizing the government's overall management, but this obscures that he and Labor endorsed the emergency spending [1] [5]. **Legitimate Concerns About Coalition Fiscal Management:** 1. **Inadequate Deficit Reduction Post-GFC**: Between 2013 and 2019, while the deficit improved, the Coalition did not achieve meaningful budget surpluses until 2019/20 (achieved partly due to iron ore price benefits, not structural budget improvements) [1] [5]. 2. **Tax Cuts During Debt Accumulation**: The Coalition pursued tax cuts (particularly stage 3 tax cuts extended by Labor from 2024) while accumulating debt.
 Tinanong ni Treasurer Jim Chalmers na ang nakaraang pamahalaan ay "exacerbated the accumulated debt in Australia" sa pamamagitan ng pagbawas ng buwis habang tumaas ang gastusin [2].
Treasurer Jim Chalmers noted that the previous government "exacerbated the accumulated debt in Australia" by cutting taxes while spending increased [2].
 Ito ay kontraryo sa pamamaraan ng Labor na hindi pagpalawigin ang tax cuts at gumamit ng kita para tugunan ang utang [2]. 3. **Lack of Structural Reform**: Walang partido ang naghabol ng substantive reforms sa spending growth o revenue adequacy.
This contrasts with Labor's approach of not extending tax cuts and using revenue to address debt [2]. 3. **Lack of Structural Reform**: Neither party pursued substantive reforms to spending growth or revenue adequacy.
 Nanatiling mataas ang debt-to-GDP ratio post-COVID nang walang malinaw na mekanismo para bawasan ito [6]. **Expert Analysis:** - **Professor John Quiggin (University of Queensland)** ay nagpaalala na "government debt and deficit should not be seen as inherently bad." Ang kritikal na tanong ay "what we have got for it" [5].
The debt-to-GDP ratio has remained elevated post-COVID without clear mechanisms to reduce it [6]. **Expert Analysis:** - **Professor John Quiggin (University of Queensland)** notes that "government debt and deficit should not be seen as inherently bad." The critical question is "what we have got for it" [5].
 Ang emergency spending ng Labor sa panahon ng GFC ay "saved us from the GFC," at karamihan sa Coalition COVID spending ay justified economically. - **Professor Richard Holden (UNSW)** at **Professor Mark Crosby (Monash University)** ay nagbibigay-diin na ang mga projected future debt figures ay "like staring into a crystal ball" at madalas na inaccurate [1].
Labor's emergency spending during the GFC "saved us from the GFC," and most Coalition COVID spending was economically justified. - **Professor Richard Holden (UNSW)** and **Professor Mark Crosby (Monash University)** emphasize that projected future debt figures are "like staring into a crystal ball" and often inaccurate [1].
 Ang mga aktwal na debt figures hanggang 2022 ay reliable; ang mga projection lampas sa panahong iyon ay uncertain. - **David Hayward (RMIT, Public Policy)** ay nagsabi na ang paghahambing ng Koalisyon na ang Treasury bonds ay "repaid" (kaya walang pananagutan ang Labor) ay "sidesteps the most important question" - para saan ang utang?
Actual debt figures through 2022 are reliable; projections beyond that period are uncertain. - **David Hayward (RMIT, Public Policy)** stated that the Coalition's claim that Treasury bonds were "repaid" (thus Labor bears no responsibility) "sidesteps the most important question" - what was the debt used for?
 Tinukoy niya na karamihan sa mga hakbang ng Koalisyon ay "correctly supported by Labor" at marami ang kumakatawan sa "wise counter-cyclical spending during the global financial crisis" [2].
He noted most Coalition measures were "correctly supported by Labor" and much represented "wise counter-cyclical spending during the global financial crisis" [2].

BAHAGYANG TOTOO

5.0

sa 10

Nag-accumulate nga ang Koalisyon ng substantial net na utang - humigit-kumulang triple sa halip na quadruple [1] [2].
The Coalition did accumulate substantial net debt - roughly tripling it rather than quadrupling it [1] [2].
 Ang factual claim ng "quadrupled" ay hindi tumpak (mali ng ~25%), na kumakatawan sa overstatement ng aktwal na pagtaas [1].
The factual claim of "quadrupling" is inaccurate (off by ~25%), representing an overstatement of the actual increase [1].
 Gayunpaman, ang mas malawak na narrative ay mas kumplikado [5] [6]: 1. **Hindi tumpak sa multiplier**: Triple, hindi quadruple [1] [2] 2. **Nawawalang kritikal na konteksto**: Minana ang substantial debt position mula sa Labor, naharap sa walang precedent na COVID spending, nagkaroon ng bipartisan support para sa emergency measures [5] [6] 3. **Mislead sa uniqueness**: Nag-accumulate din ang Labor ng comparable debt-to-GDP increases sa panahon ng GFC [5] 4. **Kulang sa nuance**: Hindi kinikilala na ang debt-to-GDP ratio ay stabilized pagkatapos ng 2016, o na ang utang ng Australia ay nananatiling mababa sa pandaigdigan [3] [6] Ang paghahambing ay technically overstated ngunit sumasalamin sa totoong phenomenon ng significant debt accumulation.
However, the broader narrative is more complex [5] [6]: 1. **Factually inaccurate on multiplier**: Triple, not quadruple [1] [2] 2. **Missing critical context**: Inherited a substantial debt position from Labor, faced unprecedented COVID spending, had bipartisan support for emergency measures [5] [6] 3. **Misleading on uniqueness**: Labor accumulated comparable debt-to-GDP increases during the GFC period [5] 4. **Lacks nuance**: Doesn't acknowledge that debt-to-GDP ratio stabilized post-2016, or that Australia's debt remains low internationally [3] [6] The claim is technically overstated but reflects a real phenomenon of significant debt accumulation.
 Ang framing bilang "quadrupled" ay tila dinisenyo upang lumikha ng maximum political impact nang hindi kinikilala ang mga kontekstwal na salik (crisis spending, international factors, bipartisan support) na nagpapaliwanag sa accumulation.
The framing as "quadrupled" appears designed to create maximum political impact without acknowledging the contextual factors (crisis spending, international factors, bipartisan support) that explain the accumulation.

📚 MGA PINAGMULAN AT SANGGUNIAN (8)

  1. 1
    AAP FactCheck - Rudd overshoots on scale of coalition debt and deficit

    AAP FactCheck - Rudd overshoots on scale of coalition debt and deficit

    The former prime minister exaggerated the growth in borrowing since Labor left office during an interview with a popular YouTuber.

    Aap Com
  2. 2
    ABC News / RMIT FactCheck - Jim Chalmers says the Coalition racked up all but a 'tiny fraction' of $1 trillion in debt

    ABC News / RMIT FactCheck - Jim Chalmers says the Coalition racked up all but a 'tiny fraction' of $1 trillion in debt

    Treasurer Jim Chalmers says that Labor inherited a trillion dollars of "Liberal debt" when it came to office, and that Labor's share of that, left to the previous Coalition government was "a tiny fraction". RMIT ABC Fact Check runs the numbers.

    Abc Net
  3. 3
    The Conversation FactCheck - Has Australia's net debt doubled under the current government?

    The Conversation FactCheck - Has Australia's net debt doubled under the current government?

    Was shadow minister for finance Jim Chalmers correct when he said that under the current Coalition government, net debt had doubled? We asked the experts.

    The Conversation
  4. 4
    Parliamentary Budget Office - Australian government debt in historical and international perspective

    Parliamentary Budget Office - Australian government debt in historical and international perspective

    Key issue Australian Government debt has increased to levels not experienced since the 1950s as economic support during the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased budget deficits. As interest rates in Australia and globally have started to increase in response to recent inflation

    Aph Gov
  5. 5
    Trading Economics - Australia Government Debt

    Trading Economics - Australia Government Debt

    Government Debt in Australia decreased to 551853 AUD Million in November from 564193 AUD Million in October of 2025. This page provides - Australia Government Net Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

    Tradingeconomics
  6. 6
    Australian Bureau of Statistics - Government Finance Statistics

    Australian Bureau of Statistics - Government Finance Statistics

    Administration, finance, tax…

    Australian Bureau of Statistics
  7. 7
    RBA - Reserve Bank of Australia Statistical Tables

    RBA - Reserve Bank of Australia Statistical Tables

     

    Reserve Bank of Australia
  8. 8
    aph.gov.au

    Parliamentary Budget Office Data Portal

    Aph Gov

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