오해의 소지 있음

평점: 4.0/10

Coalition
C0633

주장

“모든 지상파 방송국이 오전 6시부터 자정까지 자막을 제공해야 하는 의무를 폐지하려 했다.”
원본 출처: Matthew Davis

원본 출처

사실 검증

i 주장에는 jujangeneun 중대한 jungdaehan 사실 sasil 오류가 oryuga 있다. itda. 연립정부(Coalition yeonripjeongbu(Coalition government)는 government)neun 지상파 jisangpa TV TV 방송국이 bangsonggugi 오전 ojeon 6시부터 6sibuteo 자정까지 jajeongkkaji 자막을 jamageul 제공해야 jegonghaeya 하는 haneun 의무를 uimureul 폐지하려 pyejiharyeo 하지 haji 않았다. anatda. i 요건은 yogeoneun 그대로 geudaero 유지되었다. yujidoeeotda.
The claim contains a significant factual error.
2014년 2014nyeon 방송 bangsong mit 기타 gita 입법 ipbeop 개정(규제 gaejeong(gyuje 완화) wanhwa) 법안(Broadcasting beoban(Broadcasting and and Other Other Legislation Legislation Amendment Amendment (Deregulation) (Deregulation) Bill Bill 2014)이 2014)i 실제로 siljero 제안한 jeanhan 것은 geoseun 다음과 daeumgwa 같았다: gatatda:
The Coalition government did NOT try to remove the requirement that free-to-air TV stations provide captions from 6am to midnight.
1. 1. **연간 **yeongan 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고 bogo 요건 yogeon 폐지** pyeji** - - 방송사가 bangsongsaga 매년 maenyeon 오스트레일리아 oseuteureilria 통신 tongsin 미디어 midieo 감독청(ACMA, gamdokcheong(ACMA, Australian Australian Communications Communications and and Media Media Authority)에 Authority)e 자막 jamak 수준에 sujune 대한 daehan 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고서를 bogoseoreul 제출해야 jechulhaeya 하는 haneun 의무가 uimuga 민원 minwon 기반 giban 접근 jeopgeun 방식으로 bangsigeuro 대체될 daechedoel 예정이었다[1][2]. yejeongieotda[1][2].
This requirement remained in place.
2. 2. **100% **100% 자막 jamak 요건(오전 yogeon(ojeon 6시~자정)은 6si~jajeong)eun 변경되지 byeongyeongdoeji 않음** aneum** - - 상업 sangeop 방송사와 bangsongsawa 국영 gugyeong 방송사의 bangsongsaui 주요 juyo 채널에 chaeneore 대한 daehan 오전 ojeon 6시부터 6sibuteo 자정까지 jajeongkkaji 100% 100% 자막 jamak 제공 jegong 의무는 uimuneun i 입법으로 ipbeobeuro 폐지되지 pyejidoeji 않았다[3][4]. anatda[3][4].
What the Broadcasting and Other Legislation Amendment (Deregulation) Bill 2014 actually proposed was: 1. **Removing annual compliance reporting requirements** - The requirement for broadcasters to submit annual compliance reports to ACMA about captioning levels was to be replaced with a complaints-based approach [1][2]. 2. **The 100% captioning requirement (6am-midnight) remained unchanged** - The substantive obligation for commercial and national broadcasters to caption 100% of programs on their primary channels from 6am to midnight was NOT removed by the legislation [3][4].
ABC ABC 기사는 gisaneun 현재 hyeonjae 지상파 jisangpa TV TV 방송사가 bangsongsaga 오전 ojeon 6시부터 6sibuteo 자정까지 jajeongkkaji 100% 100% 자막을 jamageul 제공해야 jegonghaeya 한다고 handago 명확히 myeonghwakhi 명시하고 myeongsihago 있다. itda. 그런 geureon 다음 daeum 장애 jangae 옹호 ongho 단체들의 danchedeurui "규정 "gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고"에 bogo"e 대한 daehan 우려를 uryeoreul 인용하고 inyonghago 있으며, isseumyeo, 자막 jamak 요건 yogeon 자체가 jachega 아닌 anin 보고 bogo 요건 yogeon 폐지에 pyejie 대한 daehan 우려임을 uryeoimeul 분명히 bunmyeonghi 하고 hago 있다[1]. itda[1].
The ABC article cited in the original source clearly states: "Currently free-to-air television broadcasters have to provide 100 per cent captioning from 6:00am until midnight." It then quotes concerns from disability advocates about removing "compliance reporting" - not about removing captioning requirements themselves [1].
2015년 2015nyeon 방송 bangsong mit 기타 gita 입법 ipbeop 개정법(Broadcasting gaejeongbeop(Broadcasting and and Other Other Legislation Legislation Amendment Amendment Act Act 2015)은 2015)eun 2015년 2015nyeon 3월에 3wore 통과되었으며 tonggwadoeeosseumyeo 6부에서 6bueseo 자막 jamak 문제를 munjereul 다루었다. darueotda. i 법은 beobeun 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu mit 보고 bogo 절차를 jeolchareul 수정했지만 sujeonghaetjiman 핵심 haeksim 자막 jamak 의무는 uimuneun 유지했다[5][6]. yujihaetda[5][6].
The Broadcasting and Other Legislation Amendment (Deregulation) Act 2015 passed in March 2015 with Schedule 6 addressing captioning.

누락된 맥락

**2012년 **2012nyeon 기준선:** gijunseon:** 100% 100% 자막 jamak 요건(오전 yogeon(ojeon 6시~자정)은 6si~jajeong)eun 이전 ijeon 질라드(Gillard) jilradeu(Gillard) 노동당 nodongdang 정부(Gillard jeongbu(Gillard Labor Labor government)가 government)ga 2012년 2012nyeon 방송 bangsong 서비스 seobiseu 법(Broadcasting beop(Broadcasting Services Services Act) Act) 개정을 gaejeongeul 통해 tonghae 도입한 doiphan 것으로, geoseuro, 방송사들이 bangsongsadeuri 완전히 wanjeonhi 준수할 junsuhal 때까지 ttaekkaji 2014년까지 2014nyeonkkaji 유예 yuye 기간을 giganeul 부여했다[7][8]. buyeohaetda[7][8]. 연립정부는 yeonripjeongbuneun i 요건이 yogeoni 완전히 wanjeonhi 시행되기 sihaengdoegi 직전에 jikjeone 변경을 byeongyeongeul 제안했다. jeanhaetda.
**The 2012 baseline:** The 100% captioning requirement (6am-midnight) was only introduced by the previous Gillard Labor government in 2012 amendments to the Broadcasting Services Act, with broadcasters given until 2014 to achieve full compliance [7][8].
**정부의 **jeongbuui 표명된 pyomyeongdoen 근거:** geungeo:** 통신부(Department tongsinbu(Department of of Communications)는 Communications)neun 이러한 ireohan 변경이 byeongyeongi "더 "deo keun 유연성을 yuyeonseongeul 제공할 jegonghal 것"이며 geot"imyeo "민원 "minwon 기반 giban 접근 jeopgeun 방식이 bangsigi 정부의 jeongbuui 규제 gyuje 완화 wanhwa 의제의 uijeui 일환으로 ilhwaneuro deo 적절하다"고 jeokjeolhada"go 밝혔다[1]. bakhyeotda[1].
The Coalition was proposing changes just as this requirement was being fully implemented. **Government's stated rationale:** The Department of Communications stated the changes would "provide greater flexibility" and that "a complaints-based approach was more appropriate as part of the Government's deregulation agenda" [1]. **What was actually changed:** The Act that passed in March 2015: - Removed annual compliance report requirements - Moved to complaints-based compliance monitoring - Allowed captioning targets to be averaged across subscription TV sports channels - Provided exemptions for new channels during their first year - Maintained the core 100% captioning requirement for primary channels [5][9]
**실제로 **siljero 변경된 byeongyeongdoen 사항:** sahang:** 2015년 2015nyeon 3월에 3wore 통과된 tonggwadoen 법은: beobeun:
- - 연간 yeongan 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고 bogo 요건을 yogeoneul 폐지 pyeji
- - 민원 minwon 기반 giban 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 감시로 gamsiro 전환 jeonhwan
- - 자막 jamak 목표가 mokpyoga 유료 yuryo TV TV 스포츠 seupocheu 채널 chaeneol 전체에 jeonchee 걸쳐 geolchyeo 평균화될 pyeonggyunhwadoel su 있도록 itdorok 허용 heoyong
- - 신규 singyu 채널에 chaeneore 대해 daehae cheot hae 동안 dongan 면제 myeonje 제공 jegong
- - 주요 juyo 채널에 chaeneore 대한 daehan 핵심 haeksim 100% 100% 자막 jamak 요건 yogeon 유지[5][9] yuji[5][9]

출처 신뢰도 평가

원본 wonbon 출처는 chulcheoneun 오스트레일리아 oseuteureilria 방송공사(ABC, bangsonggongsa(ABC, Australian Australian Broadcasting Broadcasting Corporation) Corporation) 뉴스로, nyuseuro, 일반적으로 ilbanjeogeuro 신뢰할 sinroehal su 있는 itneun 권위 gwonwi 있는 itneun 주요 juyo 언론사로 eonronsaro 간주된다. ganjudoenda. 그러나 geureona ABC ABC 기사의 gisaui 제목과 jemokgwa 구조는 gujoneun 실제 silje 입법 ipbeop 변경에 byeongyeonge 대한 daehan 포괄적인 pogwaljeogin 설명보다는 seolmyeongbodaneun 청각 cheonggak 장애인 jangaein 커뮤니티의 keomyunitiui 우려에 uryeoe 초점을 chojeomeul 맞추고 matchugo 있다. itda. 기사는 gisaneun 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고 bogo 폐지에 pyejie 대한 daehan 우려를 uryeoreul 정확히 jeonghwakhi 인용하지만, inyonghajiman, 자막 jamak 요건과 yogeongwa 보고 bogo 요건 yogeon 사이를 saireul 명확히 myeonghwakhi 구분하지 gubunhaji 않아 ana 주장의 jujangui 오해 ohae 가능성을 ganeungseongeul 높였다[1]. nopyeotda[1].
The original source is **ABC News**, Australia's public national broadcaster.
⚖️

Labor 비교

**노동당이 **nodongdangi 100% 100% 자막 jamak 요건을 yogeoneul 도입:** doip:** 100% 100% 자막 jamak 제공 jegong 요건(오전 yogeon(ojeon 6시~자정)은 6si~jajeong)eun 질라드(Gillard) jilradeu(Gillard) 노동당 nodongdang 정부(Gillard jeongbu(Gillard Labor Labor government)가 government)ga 2012년에 2012nyeone 도입한 doiphan 것으로, geoseuro, 방송사들이 bangsongsadeuri 2014년까지 2014nyeonkkaji 준수할 junsuhal 시간을 siganeul 부여했다[7][8]. buyeohaetda[7][8]. 이전에는 ijeoneneun 자막 jamak 수준이 sujuni 상당히 sangdanghi 낮았다. najatda.
**Labor established the 100% captioning requirement:** The requirement for 100% captioning between 6am and midnight was introduced by the Gillard Labor government in 2012, with broadcasters given until 2014 to comply [7][8].
**규제 **gyuje 완화 wanhwa 법안의 beobanui 자막 jamak 조항에 johange 대한 daehan 노동당의 nodongdangui 입장:** ipjang:** 노동당은 nodongdangeun 녹색당(Greens)과 noksaekdang(Greens)gwa 함께 hamkke 상원(Senate) sangwon(Senate) 토론 toron jung 규제 gyuje 완화 wanhwa 법안의 beobanui 자막 jamak 조항에 johange 반대했다. bandaehaetda. 호주 hoju 노동당(Australian nodongdang(Australian Labor Labor Party)과 Party)gwa 장애 jangae 옹호 ongho 단체들은 danchedeureun 이러한 ireohan 변경이 byeongyeongi 책임성을 chaegimseongeul 낮출 natchul 것이라고 geosirago 주장했다[10]. jujanghaetda[10].
Before this, captioning levels were significantly lower. **Labor's position on the Coalition changes:** Labor, along with the Greens, opposed the deregulation bill's captioning provisions during Senate debate.
**노동당의 **nodongdangui 직접적인 jikjeopjeogin 동등 dongdeung 행위는 haengwineun 없음:** eopseum:** 2007-2013년 2007-2013nyeon 노동당 nodongdang 정부 jeongbu 기간 gigan jung 자막 jamak 규제 gyuje 완화와 wanhwawa 유사한 yusahan 시도에 sidoe 대한 daehan 증거는 jeunggeoneun 없다. eopda. 오히려 ohiryeo 그들은 geudeureun 자막 jamak 요건을 yogeoneul 강화했다. ganghwahaetda.
The Australian Labor Party and disability advocates argued the changes would reduce accountability [10]. **No direct Labor equivalent:** There is no evidence that Labor attempted similar deregulation of captioning compliance during their 2007-2013 government.
🌐

균형 잡힌 관점

주장은 jujangeun 실제 silje 발생한 balsaenghan 일을 ireul 잘못 jalmot 표현했다. pyohyeonhaetda. 연립정부는 yeonripjeongbuneun 자막 jamak 요건 yogeon 자체를 jachereul 폐지하려 pyejiharyeo 하지 haji 않았다. anatda. 그들은 geudeureun 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 메커니즘을 mekeonijeumeul 주기적인 jugijeogin 연간 yeongan 보고에서 bogoeseo 반응적인 baneungjeogin 민원 minwon 기반 giban 시스템으로 siseutemeuro 변경하려 byeongyeongharyeo 했다. haetda.
The claim misrepresents what occurred.
**연립정부 **yeonripjeongbu 접근 jeopgeun 방식 bangsik 비판:** bipan:**
The Coalition did not attempt to remove the captioning requirement itself - they attempted to change the *compliance mechanism* from proactive annual reporting to a reactive complaints-based system. **Criticism of the Coalition approach:** - Disability advocates argued removing annual reporting would reduce broadcaster accountability [1][2] - Concerns that quality would decline without systematic monitoring - Deafness Forum Australia noted "it's taken decades for Australian governments to lift the standard of captioning here, so any dilution of these standards will put us even further behind" [1] **Counterpoints:** - The core captioning requirement remained unchanged - broadcasters were still legally required to provide 100% captioning from 6am to midnight - The complaints-based approach is used in other regulatory contexts and can be effective - The deregulation agenda was broad-based across multiple sectors, not specifically targeting disability services - Post-implementation, captioning compliance has remained high - ACMA reports show broadcasters continued meeting obligations [11]
- - 장애 jangae 옹호 ongho 단체들은 danchedeureun 연간 yeongan 보고 bogo 폐지가 pyejiga 방송사 bangsongsa 책임성을 chaegimseongeul 낮출 natchul 것이라고 geosirago 주장했다[1][2] jujanghaetda[1][2]
- - 체계적인 chegyejeogin 감시 gamsi 없이는 eopsineun 품질이 pumjiri 저하될 jeohadoel 것에 geose 대한 daehan 우려 uryeo
- - Deafness Deafness Forum Forum Australia는 Australianeun "호주 "hoju 정부가 jeongbuga 자막 jamak 표준을 pyojuneul 높이는 nopineun de 수십 susip 년이 nyeoni 걸렸으므로, geolryeosseumeuro, 이러한 ireohan 표준을 pyojuneul 희석시키면 huiseoksikimyeon 우리가 uriga 더욱 deouk 뒤처지게 dwicheojige doel 것"이라고 geot"irago 언급했다[1] eongeuphaetda[1]
**반론:** **banron:**
- - 핵심 haeksim 자막 jamak 요건은 yogeoneun 변경되지 byeongyeongdoeji 않았다 anatda 방송사는 bangsongsaneun 여전히 yeojeonhi 법적으로 beopjeogeuro 오전 ojeon 6시부터 6sibuteo 자정까지 jajeongkkaji 100% 100% 자막을 jamageul 제공해야 jegonghaeya 했다 haetda
- - 민원 minwon 기반 giban 접근 jeopgeun 방식은 bangsigeun 다른 dareun 규제 gyuje 맥락에서도 maekrageseodo 사용되며 sayongdoemyeo 효과적일 hyogwajeogil su 있다 itda
- - 규제 gyuje 완화 wanhwa 의제는 uijeneun 장애 jangae 서비스를 seobiseureul 특별히 teukbyeolhi 표적한 pyojeokhan 것이 geosi 아닌 anin 여러 yeoreo 부문에 bumune 걸쳐 geolchyeo 광범위했다 gwangbeomwihaetda
- - 시행 sihaeng hu 자막 jamak 규정 gyujeong 준수는 junsuneun 여전히 yeojeonhi 높게 nopge 유지되었다 yujidoeeotda ACMA ACMA 보고서는 bogoseoneun 방송사들이 bangsongsadeuri 의무를 uimureul 계속 gyesok 이행하고 ihaenghago 있음을 isseumeul 보여준다[11] boyeojunda[11]

오해의 소지 있음

4.0

/ 10

주장은 jujangeun 입법 ipbeop 변경을 byeongyeongeul 근본적으로 geunbonjeogeuro 왜곡한다. waegokhanda. 연립정부는 yeonripjeongbuneun 오전 ojeon 6시부터 6sibuteo 자정까지 jajeongkkaji 자막 jamak 요건을 yogeoneul 폐지하려 pyejiharyeo 하지 haji 않았다. anatda. geu 요건은 yogeoneun 그대로 geudaero 유지되었다. yujidoeeotda. 그들이 geudeuri 제안하고(시행한) jeanhago(sihaenghan) 것은 geoseun 연간 yeongan 규정 gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고 bogo 요건을 yogeoneul 폐지하고 pyejihago 민원 minwon 기반 giban 시스템으로 siseutemeuro 대체하는 daechehaneun 것이었다. geosieotda. 비록 birok 이것이 igeosi 장애 jangae 옹호 ongho 단체들에게 danchedeurege 우려스러웠지만, uryeoseureowotjiman, "규정 "gyujeong 준수 junsu 보고 bogo 폐지"를 pyeji"reul "자막 "jamak 요건 yogeon 폐지"와 pyeji"wa 동일시하는 dongilsihaneun 것은 geoseun 상당한 sangdanghan 사실 sasil 왜곡으로, waegogeuro, 실제보다 siljeboda deo 부정적인 bujeongjeogin 그림을 geurimeul 그린다. geurinda.
The claim fundamentally misrepresents the legislative change.

📚 출처 및 인용 (11)

  1. 1
    abc.net.au

    abc.net.au

    Australia's deaf community is alarmed the Federal Government is considering a proposal to remove captioning requirements for television broadcasters.

    Abc Net
  2. 2
    PDF

    c02

    Aph Gov • PDF Document
  3. 3
    legislation.gov.au

    legislation.gov.au

    Federal Register of Legislation

  4. 4
    acma.gov.au

    acma.gov.au

    Acma Gov

  5. 5
    classic.austlii.edu.au

    classic.austlii.edu.au

    Classic Austlii Edu

  6. 6
    PDF

    captioning consultation paper

    Infrastructure Gov • PDF Document
  7. 7
    humanrights.gov.au

    humanrights.gov.au

    Humanrights Gov

  8. 8
    attitude.org.au

    attitude.org.au

    ‘Are you girls up for watching something on Netflix tonight?’ ‘Sure, dad, but only if we can have the subtitles on.’ ‘But it’s in English! Who uses subtitles when it’s your own language?’ ‘Who doesn’t??’ So went a recent conversations with my teenage daughters. Imagine my surprise when I discovered a friend in New York had had exactly the same conversation with his teenage daughters! It turns out that there’s a worldwide trend among Gen Z viewers to watch ALL streamed content with closed captions. But why? When I asked my daughters, they told me that they wanted to make sure not to miss anything being said. This notion being as foreign to me as it would be to most people my age, my continued incredulity earned me the in-vogue ‘Okay Boomer’ put down! But the realisation that this is a worldwide phenomenon led me to dig deeper to find out exactly what’s behind it. Closed captioning is a relatively recent development, dating back to the early 1970s, when Julia Child’s The French Chef made history as the first television program accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. Fast forward to 2006 when a UK study found that 7.5 million people in the UK (18% of the population) used closed captions. Of that 7.5 million, only 1.5 million were deaf or hard of hearing. Already 14 years ago, viewers were obviously using closed captions for reasons other than hearing loss. Fast forward again to 2019 when the following tweet by @deafgirly was retweeted more than 72,000 times, liked more than 76,000 times and quoted by almost 5000 people: ‘Subtitles aren't just for deaf people. Lots of my hearing friends use them, too. If you're hearing and find yourself using subtitles on Netflix and TV and would quite like them at the cinema, please retweet to help normalise their presence! Big thanks #DeafAwarenessWeek’ So what are the benefits of closed captions? First and foremost, of course, it’s about basic comprehension: it’s often difficult to catch what actors are saying if they’re mumbling in character, if they have an unfamiliar accent or there’s a lot of ambient sound – in an action movie for example. The quality of the sound may also not be great, particularly when viewing on flat-screen TVs or computers. But it’s also about comprehension on a deeper level. In 2015 Oregon State University in partnership with 3Play Media conducted a study across 15 institutions with a total of 2,839 respondents which showed that closed captions assist students in comprehension, retaining information and maintaining focus. It found that more than half of students use captions for comprehension, more than 60% of students with disabilities said captions were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ helpful to their learning, while almost 65% of students who ‘often’ or ‘always’ have trouble maintaining focus said captions were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ helpful to their learning. The most common reason, however, students use captions was to help them focus, which benefits the whopping 75% of respondents who reported that they struggle with paying attention in class. It’s no surprise then that 87% of educational institutions add closed captions to at least some video, that 98.6% of students find captions helpful, and 71% of students without hearing difficulties use captions at least some of the time. And then there’s multitasking: members of Gen Z may be using up to five screens at a time: a laptop for homework, a tablet to video chat with a friend, a phone to text or check social media, a smartwatch to track steps, and the TV to watch Netflix. The speed with which this new generation can flip between texts, emails, phone calls, and social media is astounding. The benefits of closed captions don’t start and end with Gen Z either. The 2016 census revealed that 3.5% of Australia’s population – that’s 820,000 people – self-report as speaking English ‘not well’ or ‘not at all’. Closed captions can help this cohort not only to understand what’s being said, but also to improve their proficiency in English. In fact, everyone benefits from closed captioned content: people are watching more and more content in public on their smartphones or tablets and rely on on captions to engage with the content without disturbing others. For the same reason, captions are commonly used on televisions in public spaces such as gyms, doctor’s surgeries and airports. It’s no surprise then that the majority of respondents to a survey conducted by 3Play Media over the last four years anticipate needing ‘more’ or ‘significantly more’ captioning services while almost none see their needs decreasing. And the benefits don’t all flow one way. Googlebots and search engines can’t see video or listen to audio, but they can read captions and transcripts, so adding these features helps video content rank higher in search results. As a result, companies posting video content add closed captions as a means of search engine optimisation (SEO) and boosting traffic to their site. But what of the original target demographic: the estimated 285 million people globally who are vision-impaired, of whom 39 million are blind? The Attitude Foundation commissioned some research to find the answer to this question in the Australian context. How well are the estimated 450,000 Australians who are deaf or hearing-impaired being served? The Australian media landscape was fundamentally transformed by the 2015 entry of subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) services to compete with traditional broadcast TV, broadcaster video-on-demand (BVoD) and ad-supported video-on-demand (AVoD) services. AVoD, BVoD and SVoD have overtaken traditional broadcast media in the popularity over the past five years thanks to their growing affordability, quality of content and, particularly, convenience. This has been facilitated by an enormous increase in the number of Internet-capable screens in Australian households – not only TVs but also computers, smartphones and tablets. Unsurprisingly, Netflix is the most popular service, with 12.5 million subscribers –almost half of the Australian population – followed by Stan with 3.7 million, Disney Plus with 2 million, Amazon Prime with 1.6 million and YouTube Premium with 1.4 million, with with Foxtel Australia’s combined PayTV services garnering 4.8 million subscribers. But, incredibly, none of the 10 or so SVoD services currently available in Australia was launched with an accessibility policy and consequently Australians with disabilities still face significant barriers in accessing VoD. Nonetheless, Netflix is the indisputable leader in the provision of accessible screen media content. Netflix has provided closed captioning on 100% of its programming since 2014, largely as a result of litigation under the Americans with Disabilities Act. From its launch in Australia in 2015, it was possible to watch every available program on Netflix with closed captioning. It’s now even possible to change the appearance of closed captions and subtitles, including adjusting font, text size, shadow and background colour. It’s no wonder that Netflix has been described by one commentator as ‘a deaf person’s utopia’. ABC’s iView, launched in 2008, is the most accessible BVoD provider in Australia: at the time of writing, there were 915 programs available on the platform, of which 620 had closed captioning available. In addition to its wide range of closed-captioned content, iView also clearly signposts content available with closed captions via a dedicated program menu. The Seven Network’s 7Plus was the first commercial BVoD service in Australia to provide closed captioning when it launched in April 2014. It currently provides closed captions for about a third of its catalogue of 13,004 programs. However, the information available for consumers regarding which programs are captioned is woefully inadequate. Unlike ABC iView, 7Plus doesn’t have a filtering option for closed-captioned content. Instead, viewers have to select individual programs to find out about accessibility options. This lack of clear signposting of captioned content shows not only a shameful disregard for the needs of the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities, but also a blindness to the emerging preferences of Gen Z. From a legislative standpoint, it was only in 2012 that amendments to the Australian Broadcasting Act required Australian broadcasters to caption television programs aired on their primary channel between 6am and midnight – and they were given a generous three years to achieve this. But these regulations don’t extend to the multi-channels offered by free-to-air broadcasters. Programs broadcast on a free-to-air multi-channel require captions only if the program has already been broadcast with captions on the main channel. Even worse, the regulations don’t extend to SVoD or BVoD services, regardless of whether a program has previously been broadcast with captions. It’s clear that with the rapid developments in technology and media formats, legislation is not keeping pace. This leaves commercial broadcasters, in particular, free to avoid the ‘additional expense’ of providing captioned content. The other, related accessibility feature that can greatly enhance the viewing experience of dramas and documentaries for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities is audio description (AD), which describes important on-screen visual elements. Australia remains the only English-speaking nation in the OECD that doesn’t offer widespread AD content on broadcast television. It is only in mid-2020 that the ABC and SBS have begun to offer AD following a funding package from the federal government – testimony to the fact that government support is essential to the provision of accessible services. Even so, as of June 2020, both ABC and SBS are now providing only up to 14 hours per week of AD programming, and there is still little to no extension of this to their BVoD services. It goes without saying that Australia’s commercial broadcaster BVoD services have shown no interest in providing such a service. In contrast, AD was made available to customers of Netflix one month after the service launched locally, marking the first time Australian audiences had access to a reliable and consistent AD service. What’s more, the Netflix website makes it relatively straightforward to navigate to a large catalogue of AD programming, which allows further filtering for genre categories. Together with its comprehensive closed captioning and its compatibility with accessibility devices such as screen readers, voice-command software and assisted-listening systems, Netflix’s accessibility vastly outperforms other SVoD, BVoD and AVoD services currently available in Australia. It wouldn’t be hard for Australia to do better, but it will require buy-in from a wide range of stakeholders. Content creators need to be more proactive in producing content that is easily accessible to all. This will only be achieved by considering accessibility from the outset rather than as an afterthought, which makes it technically difficult and prohibitively expensive. Distributors – broadcast TV, SVoD, BVoD, AVoD – need to publicise available accessibility features and make them more prominent, searchable and filterable. Federal government needs to work with all stakeholders to develop forward-looking strategies, then enact legislation that will improve accessibility and provide a clear framework for future media production. Government funding and incentives at both federal and state levels would boost accessibility in both the production and distribution of screen media, as shown in the recent introduction of AD to ABC and SBS. Disability community and advocacy groups, and Australians with disability should be central stakeholders. The inclusion of these stakeholders is essential in creating content, legislation, funding and information to improve access to the screen media content across various platforms. Unfortunately, this is not something that these groups can effect without the support of other key stakeholders. In an ideal world, there should be a regularly updated chart of all screen media services that clearly details the accessibility tools available on each service and the percentage of content available using features that are indispensable to hundreds of thousands of Australians and reflect the strong preferences of the next generation of viewers. This level of transparency would not only immediately benefit people with access needs, it would also provide an impetus to improve the variety and quality of available tools, as well as the amount of content covered by them. The disability communities can agitate about the ‘right’ thing to do, pointing to the UNCRPD, the Australians with Disabilities Act and rulings from the Human Rights Commission. But, as is often the case, the impetus for change is more likely to result from market forces: there would be public outcry from the vast majority of Netflix-bingeing young viewers if programmes were not provided with closed captioning! As commercial broadcasters catch on to this, change will come quickly, not only to AVoD, BVoD and SVoD services, but also to live broadcasting. - Martin Heng, Chair of IDEAS Disability Information; member of VDAC. 1 - https://www.3playmedia.com/accessibility-online-video-stats/ 2 - https://www.3playmedia.com/2019/04/16/online-video-trends-captioning-needs-expected-to-increase/ 3 - adefinty2 (2015) ‘Captioning – A History. The Rebuttal’, https://therebuttal2.com/2015/03/27/captioning-a-history/

    Attitude Org
  9. 9
    PDF

    2016 0006 SUB FINAL Captioning regulatory framework 1

    Freetv Com • PDF Document
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    PDF

    d01

    Aph Gov • PDF Document
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    mediaaccess.org.au

    mediaaccess.org.au

    Media Access Australia provide services, training and solutions for web and digital accessibility. We consult on digital access projects for businesses, Government and NFPs.

    Mediaaccess Org

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1-3: 거짓

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