部分的に真実

評価: 4.0/10

Coalition
C0662

主張

“テロ対策法を書き換え、シリアとイラクから帰国するオーストラリア人観光客は、自分が無罪であることを証明するまでテロリストとして有罪とされるようにした。”
元の出典: Matthew Davis

元の出典

事実検証

アボット noun Abotto 政権せいけん noun Seiken topic-marker Wa 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen direction/target Ni シリア noun Syria and/with To イラク noun Iraq から from/because Kara 帰国きこく noun Kikoku する verb Suru オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito direction/target Ni 関するかんする verb Kansuru テロ noun Terrorism 対策たいさく noun Taisaku ほう noun Hou 改革かいかく noun Kaikaku object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta subject-marker Ga , この Kono 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa 実際じっさい noun Jissai direction/target Ni 制定せいてい noun Seitei verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu object-marker Wo 著しくいちじるしく adjective Ichijirushiku 誤解ごかい noun Gokai verb Sa せる auxiliary-verb Seru もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
The Abbott government did propose counterterrorism law reforms in 2014 concerning Australians returning from Syria and Iraq, but the claim significantly mischaracterizes what was actually enacted [1].
2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 8 noun 8 がつ noun Tsuki 1 noun 1 Hi possessive No Daily noun Daily Telegraph noun Telegraph 記事きじ noun Kiji topic-marker Wa , 政府せいふ noun Seifu subject-marker Ga シリア noun Syria and/with To イラク noun Iraq から from/because Kara 帰国きこく noun Kikoku する verb Suru 人々ひとびと noun Hitobito direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te " 無罪むざい noun Muzai possessive No 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei 義務ぎむ noun Gimu object-marker Wo 逆転ぎゃくてん noun Gyakuten verb Sa せる auxiliary-verb Seru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 検討けんとう noun Kentou verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru " and/with To 報じほうじ verb Houji auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 2 noun 2 ]。 ??
The Daily Telegraph article from August 1, 2014, reported that the government was "considering" reversing the onus of proof for people returning from Syria and Iraq [2].
しかし conjunction Shikashi , これ Kore topic-marker Wa 当時とうじ noun Touji possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian 段階だんかい noun Dankai auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu location/means De topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai [ [ 3 noun 3 ]。 ??
However, this was a floated proposal at the time, not the final legislation that was passed [3].
実際じっさい noun Jissai direction/target Ni 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 10 noun 10 がつ noun Tsuki direction/target Ni 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta Counter noun Counter - - Terrorism noun Terrorism Legislation noun Legislation Amendment noun Amendment ( ( Foreign noun Foreign Fighters noun Fighters ) ) Act noun Act 2014 noun 2014 direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa , 無罪むざい noun Muzai possessive No 推定すいてい noun Suitei object-marker Wo 全面ぜんめん noun Zenmen てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 覆すくつがえす verb Kutsugaesu 条項じょうこう noun Joukou topic-marker Wa 含まふくま verb Fukuma auxiliary-verb Re particle Te verb I なかっ auxiliary-verb Naka auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 4 noun 4 ]。 ??
The actual Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment (Foreign Fighters) Act 2014, which passed in October 2014, did not contain a blanket reversal of the presumption of innocence [4].
代わりかわり noun Kawari direction/target Ni , " 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki ( declared noun Declared areas noun Areas ) " つみ noun Tsumi subject-marker Ga 導入どうにゅう noun Dounyuu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re , 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki なし noun Nashi direction/target Ni 指定してい noun Shitei 地域ちいき noun Chiiki ( イラク noun Iraq possessive No モスール noun Mosul particle Ya シリア noun Syria possessive No アル noun Aru / ラッカ noun Rakka など particle Nado ) direction/target Ni 入っはいっ verb Hai たり particle Tari 留まっとまっ verb Toma たり particle Tari する verb Suru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 犯罪はんざい noun Hanzai and/with To verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 5 noun 5 ]。 ??
Instead, it introduced the "declared areas" offence, making it an offence to enter or remain in designated areas (such as Mosul in Iraq and al-Raqqa in Syria) without a "legitimate purpose" [5].
最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu location/means De topic-marker Wa :
Under the final legislation: - The prosecution must still prove beyond reasonable doubt that the person entered or remained in a declared area [6] - The defendant bears an "evidential burden" (not a legal burden) to point to evidence that they were in the area for a legitimate purpose [7] - Legitimate purposes include: providing humanitarian aid, making genuine visits to family members, undertaking professional journalism, and providing aid during emergencies [8] This is legally distinct from "guilty until proven innocent" - the prosecution still bears the primary burden of proof for the core elements of the offence [9].
- - 検察けんさつ noun Kensatsu がわ noun Gawa topic-marker Wa , 被告ひこく noun Hikoku にん Hito subject-marker Ga 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki direction/target Ni 入っはいっ verb Hai たり particle Tari 留まっとまっ verb Toma たり particle Tari verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo , 合理ごうり noun Gouri てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 疑いうたがい noun Utagai possessive No 余地よち noun Yochi なく adjective Naku 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei する verb Suru 義務ぎむ noun Gimu subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru [ [ 6 noun 6 ] ]
- - 被告ひこく noun Hikoku にん Hito topic-marker Wa , 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki possessive No ため noun Tame direction/target Ni その Sono 地域ちいき noun Chiiki direction/target Ni verb I auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei する verb Suru ため noun Tame possessive No " 証拠しょうこ noun Shouko 提出ていしゅつ noun Teishutsu 負担ふたん noun Futan ( evidential noun Evidential burden noun Burden ) " ( 法的ほうてき Houteki 負担ふたん noun Futan location/means De topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai ) object-marker Wo 負うおう verb Ou [ [ 7 noun 7 ] ]
- - 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa 以下いか noun Ika subject-marker Ga 含まふくま verb Fukuma れる auxiliary-verb Reru : 人道じんどう noun Jindou 支援しえん noun Shien possessive No 提供ていきょう noun Teikyou , 家族かぞく noun Kazoku direction E possessive No 誠実せいじつ noun Seijitsu auxiliary-verb Na 訪問ほうもん noun Houmon , 本格ほんかく noun Honkaku てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na ジャーナリズム noun Journalism 活動かつどう noun Katsudou , 緊急きんきゅう noun Kinkyuu noun Ji possessive No 支援しえん noun Shien [ [ 8 noun 8 ] ]
これ Kore topic-marker Wa " 有罪ゆうざい noun Yuuzai auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru こと noun Koto subject-marker Ga 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru まで until Ma de 無罪むざい noun Muzai " and/with To いう verb Iu もの noun Mono and/with To topic-marker Wa 法的ほうてき Houteki auxiliary-verb Ni 異なることなる verb Kotonaru 検察けんさつ noun Kensatsu がわ noun Gawa topic-marker Wa 犯罪はんざい noun Hanzai possessive No 核心かくしん noun Kakushin てき Mato 要素ようそ noun Youso direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te 依然いぜん adverb Izen and/with To verb Shi particle Te ぬし noun Nushi たる auxiliary-verb Taru 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei 責任せきにん noun Sekinin object-marker Wo 負っおっ verb O particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 9 noun 9 ]。 ??

欠落した文脈

この Kono 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa , いく noun Iku Tsu question Ka possessive No 重要じゅうよう Juuyou auxiliary-verb Na 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku object-marker Wo 省略しょうりゃく noun Shouryaku verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru :
The claim omits several critical pieces of context: **Bipartisan Support**: The Foreign Fighters legislation passed with strong bipartisan support - Labor voted with the Coalition in the Senate, with the bill passing 43 votes to 12 (opposed only by Greens and crossbenchers) [10].
* * * * ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha てき Mato 支持しじ noun Shiji * * * * : Foreign noun Foreign Fighters noun Fighters ほう noun Hou あん noun An topic-marker Wa 強力きょうりょく Kyouryoku auxiliary-verb Na ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha 支持しじ noun Shiji object-marker Wo 受けうけ verb Uke particle Te 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou topic-marker Wa 上院じょういん noun Jouin location/means De 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu and/with To とも noun Tomo direction/target Ni 投票とうひょう noun Touhyou verb Shi , ほう noun Hou あん noun An topic-marker Wa 43 noun 43 ひょう noun Hyou たい noun Tai 12 noun 12 ひょう noun Hyou ( 反対はんたい noun Hantai topic-marker Wa みどり noun Midori possessive No とう noun Tou and/with To Mu 所属しょぞく noun Shozoku 議員ぎいん noun Giin のみ particle Nomi ) location/means De 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 10 noun 10 ]。 ??
Opposition Leader Bill Shorten stated "Labor believes that our security agencies and national institutions should have the powers and resources they need to keep Australians safe" [11]. **Specific Context of 2014**: The legislation was introduced amid escalating conflict in Syria and Iraq, with the Islamic State (ISIL/ISIS) seizing territory and actively recruiting foreign fighters [12].
ショー noun Show テン noun Ten 野党やとう noun Yatou 党首とうしゅ noun Toushu topic-marker Wa " 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou topic-marker Wa , わたくし Watakushi たち Tachi possessive No 治安ちあん noun Chian 機関きかん noun Kikan particle Ya 国家こっか noun Kokka 機関きかん noun Kikan subject-marker Ga オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito possessive No 安全あんぜん noun Anzen object-marker Wo 守るまもる verb Mamoru ため noun Tame direction/target Ni 必要ひつよう noun Hitsuyou auxiliary-verb Na 権限けんげん noun Kengen and/with To 資源しげん noun Shigen object-marker Wo 持つもつ verb Motsu べき auxiliary-verb Beki auxiliary-verb Da and/with To 考えかんがえ verb Kangae particle Te いる verb Iru " and/with To 述べのべ verb Nobe auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 11 noun 11 ]。 ??
Approximately 70 Australians were believed to be fighting with extremist groups in the region, creating genuine security concerns about returning radicalized individuals [13]. **International Context**: The legislation responded to UN Security Council Resolution 2178 (September 2014), which called on member states to take action against foreign terrorist fighters [14].
* * * * 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen possessive No 具体ぐたい noun Gutai てき Mato 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku * * * * : この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa , シリア noun Syria and/with To イラク noun Iraq possessive No 紛争ふんそう noun Funsou subject-marker Ga 激化げきか noun Gekika verb Shi , イスラム noun Islam こく Kuni ( ISIL noun ISIL / / ISIS noun ISIS ) subject-marker Ga 領土りょうど noun Ryoudo object-marker Wo 掌握しょうあく noun Shouaku verb Shi , 外国がいこく noun Gaikoku にん Hito 戦闘せんとう noun Sentou いん In object-marker Wo 積極せっきょく noun Sekkyoku てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 募集ぼしゅう noun Boshuu verb Shi particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta 状況じょうきょう noun Joukyou Shita location/means De 導入どうにゅう noun Dounyuu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 12 noun 12 ]。 ??
Similar laws were being implemented across Western nations in response to the foreign fighter phenomenon [15]. **Proposal vs.
やく Yaku 70 noun 70 にん Hito possessive No オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito subject-marker Ga 極端きょくたん noun Kyokutan 主義しゅぎ noun Shugi 組織そしき noun Soshiki and/with To 戦ったたかっ verb Tataka particle Te いる verb Iru and/with To 信じしんじ verb Shinji られ auxiliary-verb Rare particle Te おり verb Ori , 過激かげき Kageki Bake verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 帰国きこく noun Kikoku しゃ Mono direction/target Ni 関するかんする verb Kansuru 真正しんせい noun Shinsei auxiliary-verb Na 安全あんぜん noun Anzen 保障ほしょう noun Hoshou 懸念けねん noun Kenen subject-marker Ga あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 13 noun 13 ]。 ??
Final Law**: The "guilty until proven innocent" framing was based on media reports of proposals being considered in August 2014, not the final legislation enacted in October 2014 after parliamentary scrutiny and amendment [16].
* * * * 国際こくさい noun Kokusai てき Mato 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku * * * * : この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa , 加盟かめい noun Kamei こく Kuni direction/target Ni 対したいし verb Taishi particle Te 外国がいこく noun Gaikoku にん Hito テロ noun Terrorism 戦闘せんとう noun Sentou いん In direction/target Ni 対するたいする verb Taisuru 行動こうどう noun Koudou object-marker Wo 取るとる verb Toru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 求めもとめ verb Motome auxiliary-verb Ta 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 9 noun 9 がつ noun Tsuki possessive No 国連こくれん noun Kokuren 安全あんぜん noun Anzen 保障ほしょう noun Hoshou 理事りじ noun Riji かい noun Kai 決議けつぎ noun Ketsugi 2178 noun 2178 direction E possessive No 対応たいおう noun Taiou auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 14 noun 14 ]。 ??
同様どうよう Douyou possessive No 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa , 外国がいこく noun Gaikoku にん Hito 戦闘せんとう noun Sentou いん In 問題もんだい noun Mondai direction E possessive No 対応たいおう noun Taiou and/with To verb Shi particle Te 西洋せいよう noun Seiyou 諸国しょこく noun Shokoku 全体ぜんたい noun Zentai location/means De 実施じっし noun Jisshi verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 15 noun 15 ]。 ??
* * * * 提案ていあん noun Teian たい noun Tai 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu ほう noun Hou * * * * : " 有罪ゆうざい noun Yuuzai auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru こと noun Koto subject-marker Ga 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru まで until Ma de 無罪むざい noun Muzai " and/with To いう verb Iu 表現ひょうげん noun Hyougen topic-marker Wa , 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 8 noun 8 がつ noun Tsuki possessive No 検討けんとう noun Kentou ちゅう Naka possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian direction/target Ni 関するかんする verb Kansuru メディア noun Media 報道ほうどう noun Houdou direction/target Ni 基づくもとづく verb Motozuku もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 議会ぎかい noun Gikai possessive No 審議しんぎ noun Shingi and/with To 修正しゅうせい noun Shuusei object-marker Wo verb Kyou particle Te 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 10 noun 10 がつ noun Tsuki direction/target Ni 制定せいてい noun Seitei verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu object-marker Wo 反映はんえい noun Han'ei verb Shi particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai [ [ 16 noun 16 ]。 ??

情報源の信頼性評価

もと noun Moto possessive No 情報じょうほう noun Jouhou げん Minamoto topic-marker Wa The noun The Daily noun Daily Telegraph noun Telegraph auxiliary-verb De , News noun News Corp noun Corp Australia noun Australia possessive No 出版しゅっぱん noun Shuppan ぶつ Mono auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru .
The original source is The Daily Telegraph, a News Corp Australia publication.
News noun News Corp noun Corp possessive No 出版しゅっぱん noun Shuppan ぶつ Mono topic-marker Wa 一般いっぱん noun Ippan てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 保守ほしゅ noun Hoshu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 編集へんしゅう noun Henshuu 傾向けいこう noun Keikou object-marker Wo 持ちもち verb Mochi , 通常つうじょう noun Tsuujou topic-marker Wa 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu object-marker Wo 支持しじ noun Shiji verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 17 noun 17 ]。 ??
News Corp publications generally have conservative editorial leanings and have typically supported Coalition governments [17].
記事きじ noun Kiji possessive No 見出しみだし noun Midashi " Prove noun Prove your noun Your innocence noun Innocence ( 無罪むざい noun Muzai object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei せよ verb Seyo ) " topic-marker Wa 扇情せんじょう noun Senjou てき Mato auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu and/with To なっ verb Na auxiliary-verb Ta 微妙びみょう Bimyou auxiliary-verb Na 法的ほうてき Houteki 立場たちば noun Tachiba object-marker Wo 正確せいかく noun Seikaku auxiliary-verb Ni 反映はんえい noun Han'ei verb Shi particle Te verb I なかっ auxiliary-verb Naka auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 18 noun 18 ]。 ??
The article's headline "Prove your innocence" was sensationalist and did not accurately reflect the nuanced legal position that ultimately became law [18].
この Kono 報道ほうどう noun Houdou topic-marker Wa , 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian object-marker Wo 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 立法りっぽう noun Rippou and/with To 混同こんどう noun Kondou verb Shi , 実際じっさい noun Jissai direction/target Ni 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta もの noun Mono direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te 誤解ごかい noun Gokai object-marker Wo 招くまねく verb Maneku 印象いんしょう noun Inshou object-marker Wo 作り出しつくりだし verb Tsukuridashi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 19 noun 19 ]。 ??
The reporting conflated proposals being floated by the government with finalized legislation, creating a misleading impression of what was actually enacted [19].
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労働党比較

* * * * 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou 政府せいふ noun Seifu also Mo 同様どうよう Douyou possessive No こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 行っおこなっ verb I auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka ?
**Did Labor do something similar?** Search conducted: "Labor government foreign fighters terrorism laws comparison declared areas" Finding: The Labor Opposition provided bipartisan support for the Foreign Fighters Bill 2014, indicating they accepted the policy framework [20].
* * * *
When Labor returned to government in 2022, they maintained and extended these provisions.
検索けんさく noun Kensaku 実施じっし noun Jisshi : " Labor noun Labor government noun Government foreign noun Foreign fighters noun Fighters terrorism noun Terrorism laws noun Laws comparison noun Comparison declared noun Declared areas noun Areas "
The Albanese government's Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus introduced the Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment (Declared Areas) Bill 2024 to continue the declared areas regime, arguing it "fulfils a crucial role in the disruption and prosecution of returning foreign terrorist fighters" [21].
結果けっか noun Kekka : 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen possessive No Foreign noun Foreign Fighters noun Fighters Bill noun Bill direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te , 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou 野党やとう noun Yatou topic-marker Wa ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha 支持しじ noun Shiji object-marker Wo 提供ていきょう noun Teikyou verb Shi , 政策せいさく noun Seisaku 枠組みわくぐみ noun Wakugumi object-marker Wo 受け入れうけいれ verb Ukeire auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 示ししめし verb Shimeshi particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 20 noun 20 ]。 ??
This demonstrates that the declared areas framework, while controversial, has been supported by both major parties as a national security measure.
2022 noun 2022 ねん noun Nen direction/target Ni 政権せいけん noun Seiken direction/target Ni 復帰ふっき noun Fukki verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta さい noun Sai , 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou topic-marker Wa これ Kore Ra possessive No 規定きてい noun Kitei object-marker Wo 維持いじ noun Iji verb Shi 拡張かくちょう noun Kakuchou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta .
Labor's continued use of these provisions in government indicates they do not view this as an aberrant Coalition policy but as an ongoing security tool [22].
アルバ noun Aruba ニーズ noun Needs 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No ドレイファス noun Dreyfus 法務ほうむ noun Houmu 大臣だいじん noun Daijin topic-marker Wa , Counter noun Counter - - Terrorism noun Terrorism Legislation noun Legislation Amendment noun Amendment ( ( Declared noun Declared Areas noun Areas ) ) Bill noun Bill 2024 noun 2024 object-marker Wo 導入どうにゅう noun Dounyuu verb Shi , " 帰国きこく noun Kikoku する verb Suru 外国がいこく noun Gaikoku にん Hito テロ noun Terrorism 戦闘せんとう noun Sentou いん In possessive No 阻止そし noun Soshi and/with To 起訴きそ noun Kiso direction/target Ni おい verb Oi particle Te 重要じゅうよう Juuyou auxiliary-verb Na 役割やくわり noun Yakuwari object-marker Wo 果たすはたす verb Hatasu " and/with To 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 21 noun 21 ]。 ??
これ Kore topic-marker Wa , 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki 制度せいど noun Seido subject-marker Ga , 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No 異常いじょう noun Ijou auxiliary-verb Na 政策せいさく noun Seisaku location/means De topic-marker Wa なく adjective Naku , 進行しんこう noun Shinkou ちゅう Naka possessive No 安全あんぜん noun Anzen 保障ほしょう noun Hoshou 手段しゅだん noun Shudan and/with To verb Shi particle Te りょう Ryou 主要しゅよう Shuyou 政党せいとう noun Seitou direction/target Ni 支持しじ noun Shiji verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 示ししめし verb Shimeshi particle Te いる verb Iru .
政権せいけん noun Seiken ない Uchi location/means De possessive No 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou possessive No これ Kore Ra possessive No 規定きてい noun Kitei possessive No 継続けいぞく noun Keizoku 利用りよう noun Riyou topic-marker Wa , これ Kore object-marker Wo 異常いじょう noun Ijou auxiliary-verb Na 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政策せいさく noun Seisaku and/with To verb Mi particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 示ししめし verb Shimeshi particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 22 noun 22 ]。 ??
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バランスの取れた視点

この Kono 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa 扇情せんじょう noun Senjou てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 言葉ことば noun Kotoba ( " 自分じぶん noun Jibun subject-marker Ga 無罪むざい noun Muzai auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei する verb Suru まで until Ma de テロリスト noun Terrorist and/with To verb Shi particle Te 有罪ゆうざい noun Yuuzai " ) object-marker Wo 用いもちい verb Mochii , 実際じっさい noun Jissai possessive No 法的ほうてき Houteki 枠組みわくぐみ noun Wakugumi object-marker Wo 正確せいかく noun Seikaku auxiliary-verb Ni 反映はんえい noun Han'ei verb Shi particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai .
The claim uses inflammatory language ("guilty of terrorism until they prove they are innocent") that does not accurately reflect the legal framework enacted. **What the law actually does:** The declared areas offence creates a rebuttable presumption that shifts an *evidential* burden (not a legal burden) onto the defendant once the prosecution proves the person entered a declared area [23].
* * * * 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu possessive No 実際じっさい noun Jissai possessive No 内容ないよう noun Naiyou : * * * *
This is a recognized legal mechanism used in various contexts, distinct from true reversal of onus of proof where the defendant must prove innocence [24]. **Criticisms raised at the time:** The Law Council of Australia and Australian Human Rights Commission raised concerns about the declared areas provisions, describing them as a "blunt instrument" that could affect innocent travelers including journalists, aid workers, and those with family connections [25].
宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki ざい Tsumi topic-marker Wa , 検察けんさつ noun Kensatsu がわ noun Gawa subject-marker Ga ひと noun Hito subject-marker Ga 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki direction/target Ni 入っはいっ verb Hai auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta あと noun Ato direction/target Ni , 被告ひこく noun Hikoku にん Hito direction/target Ni * * 証拠しょうこ noun Shouko 提出ていしゅつ noun Teishutsu 負担ふたん noun Futan * * ( 法的ほうてき Houteki 負担ふたん noun Futan location/means De topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai ) object-marker Wo 課すかす verb Kasu 反論はんろん noun Hanron 可能かのう Kanou auxiliary-verb Na 推定すいてい noun Suitei object-marker Wo 作り出すつくりだす verb Tsukuridasu [ [ 23 noun 23 ]。 ??
The Human Rights Commission recommended amendments to strengthen protections for legitimate travel purposes [26]. **Government justification:** Attorney-General George Brandis argued the provisions were necessary because "there are some areas of the world, areas under the control of terrorist armies... to which Australians should not travel" [27].
これ Kore topic-marker Wa , 被告ひこく noun Hikoku にん Hito subject-marker Ga 無罪むざい noun Muzai object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei verb Shi なけれ auxiliary-verb Nakere particle Ba なら verb Nara ない auxiliary-verb Nai 真正しんせい noun Shinsei possessive No 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei 責任せきにん noun Sekinin 逆転ぎゃくてん noun Gyakuten and/with To topic-marker Wa 異なることなる verb Kotonaru , 様々さまざま Samazama auxiliary-verb Na 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku location/means De 使用しよう noun Shiyou verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru 認めみとめ verb Mitome られ auxiliary-verb Rare auxiliary-verb Ta 法的ほうてき Houteki メカニズム noun Mechanism auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru [ [ 24 noun 24 ]。 ??
The government maintained that the specific list of legitimate purposes provided legal certainty, ensuring people knew what conduct was permitted [28]. **Comparative context:** This approach is not unique to Australia.
* * * * 当時とうじ noun Touji 提起ていき noun Teiki verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 批判ひはん noun Hihan : * * * *
The UK, Canada, and other Western nations implemented similar foreign fighter measures following UN Security Council Resolution 2178 [29].
オーストラリア noun Australia 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu 評議ひょうぎ noun Hyougi かい noun Kai and/with To オーストラリア noun Australia 人権じんけん noun Jinken 委員いいん noun Iin かい noun Kai topic-marker Wa , ジャーナリスト noun Journalist , 人道じんどう noun Jindou 支援しえん noun Shien 従事じゅうじ noun Juuji しゃ Mono , 家族かぞく noun Kazoku and/with To possessive No つながり noun Tsunagari subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru 無実むじつ noun Mujitsu possessive No 旅行りょこう noun Ryokou しゃ Mono direction/target Ni 影響えいきょう noun Eikyou object-marker Wo 与えるあたえる verb Ataeru 可能かのう Kanou せい Sei subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru and/with To verb Shi particle Te , 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki 規定きてい noun Kitei object-marker Wo " 鈍いにぶい adjective Nibui 道具どうぐ noun Dougu " and/with To 表現ひょうげん noun Hyougen する verb Suru 懸念けねん noun Kenen object-marker Wo 提起ていき noun Teiki verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 25 noun 25 ]。 ??
The bipartisan support from Labor indicates this was viewed as a legitimate national security response to an unprecedented threat, not a partisan power grab. **Key context:** The characterization of the law as making people "guilty of terrorism until they prove they are innocent" is legally inaccurate and omits the bipartisan support, international context, and specific safeguards that were included in the final legislation.
人権じんけん noun Jinken 委員いいん noun Iin かい noun Kai topic-marker Wa , 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 旅行りょこう noun Ryokou 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki possessive No 保護ほご noun Hogo object-marker Wo 強化きょうか noun Kyouka する verb Suru ため noun Tame possessive No 改正かいせい noun Kaisei object-marker Wo 推奨すいしょう noun Suishou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 26 noun 26 ]。 ??
* * * * 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No 正当せいとう noun Seitou Bake : * * * *
ブランディス noun Burandisu 法務ほうむ noun Houmu 大臣だいじん noun Daijin topic-marker Wa , " テロ noun Terrorism 軍隊ぐんたい noun Guntai possessive No 支配しはい noun Shihai Shita direction/target Ni ある verb Aru 世界せかい noun Sekai possessive No 一部いちぶ noun Ichibu 地域ちいき noun Chiiki . . . . . . オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito subject-marker Ga 旅行りょこう noun Ryokou verb Su べき auxiliary-verb Beki auxiliary-verb De ない adjective Nai 地域ちいき noun Chiiki subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru " and/with To 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 27 noun 27 ]。 ??
政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa , 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki possessive No 具体ぐたい noun Gutai てき Mato リスト noun List subject-marker Ga 法的ほうてき Houteki 確実かくじつ Kakujitsu せい Sei object-marker Wo 提供ていきょう noun Teikyou verb Shi , 許可きょか noun Kyoka verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 行為こうい noun Koui object-marker Wo 人々ひとびと noun Hitobito subject-marker Ga 知るしる verb Shiru こと noun Koto subject-marker Ga できる verb Dekiru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 確保かくほ noun Kakuho する verb Suru and/with To 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 28 noun 28 ]。 ??
* * * * 比較ひかく noun Hikaku てき Mato 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku : * * * *
この Kono アプローチ noun Approach topic-marker Wa オーストラリア noun Australia 独自どくじ Dokuji possessive No もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai .
英国えいこく noun Eikoku , カナダ noun Canada , noun Hoka possessive No 西洋せいよう noun Seiyou 諸国しょこく noun Shokoku topic-marker Wa , 国連こくれん noun Kokuren 安全あんぜん noun Anzen 保障ほしょう noun Hoshou 理事りじ noun Riji かい noun Kai 決議けつぎ noun Ketsugi 2178 noun 2178 direction/target Ni 続いつづい verb Tsuzui particle Te 同様どうよう Douyou possessive No 外国がいこく noun Gaikoku にん Hito 戦闘せんとう noun Sentou いん In 措置そち noun Sochi object-marker Wo 実施じっし noun Jisshi verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 29 noun 29 ]。 ??
労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou から from/because Kara possessive No ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha 支持しじ noun Shiji topic-marker Wa , これ Kore subject-marker Ga 前例ぜんれい noun Zenrei possessive No ない adjective Nai 脅威きょうい noun Kyoui direction E possessive No 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 安全あんぜん noun Anzen 保障ほしょう noun Hoshou 対応たいおう noun Taiou and/with To verb Shi particle Te verb Mi られ auxiliary-verb Rare , 党派とうは noun Touha possessive No 権力けんりょく noun Kenryoku 掌握しょうあく noun Shouaku location/means De topic-marker Wa なかっ adjective Naka auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 示ししめし verb Shimeshi particle Te いる verb Iru .
* * * * 重要じゅうよう Juuyou auxiliary-verb Na 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku : * * * * 人々ひとびと noun Hitobito object-marker Wo " 自分じぶん noun Jibun subject-marker Ga 無罪むざい noun Muzai auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei する verb Suru まで until Ma de テロリスト noun Terrorist and/with To verb Shi particle Te 有罪ゆうざい noun Yuuzai " direction/target Ni する verb Suru and/with To いう verb Iu 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu possessive No 描写びょうしゃ noun Byousha topic-marker Wa , 法的ほうてき Houteki auxiliary-verb Ni Fu 正確せいかく noun Seikaku auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha 支持しじ noun Shiji , 国際こくさい noun Kokusai てき Mato 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu direction/target Ni 含まふくま verb Fukuma auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 具体ぐたい noun Gutai てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 保護ほご noun Hogo 措置そち noun Sochi object-marker Wo 省略しょうりゃく noun Shouryaku verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru .

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連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen direction/target Ni シリア noun Syria and/with To イラク noun Iraq possessive No 特定とくてい noun Tokutei 紛争ふんそう noun Funsou 地域ちいき noun Chiiki から from/because Kara 帰国きこく noun Kikoku する verb Suru オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito direction/target Ni 影響えいきょう noun Eikyou object-marker Wo 与えるあたえる verb Ataeru 宣言せんげん noun Sengen 地域ちいき noun Chiiki ざい Tsumi object-marker Wo 導入どうにゅう noun Dounyuu する verb Suru テロ noun Terrorism 対策たいさく noun Taisaku 立法りっぽう noun Rippou object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi , 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta .
The Coalition did propose and enact counterterrorism legislation in 2014 that introduced the declared areas offence affecting Australians returning from specific conflict zones in Syria and Iraq.
しかし conjunction Shikashi , " シリア noun Syria and/with To イラク noun Iraq から from/because Kara 帰国きこく noun Kikoku する verb Suru オーストラリア noun Australia にん Hito 観光かんこう noun Kankou きゃく noun Kyaku topic-marker Wa , 自分じぶん noun Jibun subject-marker Ga 無罪むざい noun Muzai auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei する verb Suru まで until Ma de テロリスト noun Terrorist and/with To verb Shi particle Te 有罪ゆうざい noun Yuuzai and/with To verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru " and/with To いう verb Iu 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou possessive No 描写びょうしゃ noun Byousha topic-marker Wa , 実際じっさい noun Jissai possessive No 法的ほうてき Houteki 枠組みわくぐみ noun Wakugumi object-marker Wo 著しくいちじるしく adjective Ichijirushiku 誤っあやまっ verb Ayama particle Te 表しあらわし verb Arawashi particle Te いる verb Iru .
However, the claim's characterization that "Australian tourists returning from Syria and Iraq will be guilty of terrorism until they prove they are innocent" is a significant misrepresentation of the actual legal framework.
最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa , 核心かくしん noun Kakushin てき Mato 要素ようそ noun Youso direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te 検察けんさつ noun Kensatsu がわ noun Gawa possessive No 証明しょうめい noun Shoumei 責任せきにん noun Sekinin object-marker Wo 維持いじ noun Iji verb Shi , 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki possessive No 抗弁こうべん noun Kouben direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te topic-marker Wa 証拠しょうこ noun Shouko 提出ていしゅつ noun Teishutsu 負担ふたん noun Futan のみ particle Nomi object-marker Wo 要求ようきゅう noun Youkyuu verb Shi , 人道じんどう noun Jindou 支援しえん noun Shien particle Ya ジャーナリズム noun Journalism 旅行りょこう noun Ryokou possessive No ため noun Tame possessive No 具体ぐたい noun Gutai てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 例外れいがい noun Reigai object-marker Wo 含めふくめ verb Fukume , ちょう Chou 党派とうは noun Touha possessive No 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou 支持しじ noun Shiji object-marker Wo verb Toku particle Te 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta .
The final legislation maintained the prosecution's burden of proof for core elements, required only an evidential burden for legitimate purpose defenses, included specific exemptions for humanitarian and journalistic travel, and received bipartisan Labor support.
主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa , 2014 noun 2014 ねん noun Nen 8 noun 8 がつ noun Tsuki possessive No メディア noun Media 報道ほうどう noun Houdou verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru 初期しょき noun Shoki 提案ていあん noun Teian and/with To , 実際じっさい noun Jissai direction/target Ni 制定せいてい noun Seitei verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu object-marker Wo 混同こんどう noun Kondou verb Shi , 実際じっさい noun Jissai possessive No 法的ほうてき Houteki 立場たちば noun Tachiba object-marker Wo 反映はんえい noun Han'ei verb Shi particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai 扇情せんじょう noun Senjou てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 言葉ことば noun Kotoba object-marker Wo 用いもちい verb Mochii particle Te いる verb Iru .
The claim conflates media reporting of early proposals with the actual enacted law and uses sensationalist language that does not reflect the nuanced legal position.

📚 出典と引用 (24)

  1. 20
    Previous declared areas - Australian National Security

    Previous declared areas - Australian National Security

    The Australian Government's first priority is to keep our community safe from people who seek to do us harm.

    Australian National Security Website
  2. 24
    PDF

    Review of the 'declared area' provisions - UNSW Gilbert + Tobin Centre

    Gtcentre Unsw Edu • PDF Document
  3. 3
    theguardian.com

    theguardian.com

    Advocating terrorism is outlawed and overseas conflict zones are in effect no-go zones after security legislation goes through

    the Guardian
  4. 4
    sbs.com.au

    sbs.com.au

    The Abbott government is considering tougher laws that reverse the onus of proof in terrorism cases, warning that returning jihadists are a growing security threat.

    SBS News
  5. 5
    heraldsun.com.au

    heraldsun.com.au

    Heraldsun Com

  6. 6
    legislation.gov.au

    legislation.gov.au

    Federal Register of Legislation

  7. 7
    ag.gov.au

    ag.gov.au

    Ag Gov

  8. 8
    PDF

    3865 Review of Declared Areas Provisions

    Lawcouncil • PDF Document
  9. 9
    nationalsecurity.gov.au

    nationalsecurity.gov.au

    The Australian Government's first priority is to keep our community safe from people who seek to do us harm.

    Australian National Security Website
  10. 10
    aph.gov.au

    aph.gov.au

    Aph Gov

    Original link no longer available
  11. 11
    abc.net.au

    abc.net.au

    Speculation is growing that the Federal Government is considering tough new measures that would reverse the onus of proof for Australians returning from fighting in overseas wars. There are reports in the News Limited media that Prime Minister Tony Abbott may compel anyone returning to Australia from Iraq and Syria to prove they are not terrorists. Mr Abbott says the Government will make announcements about new anti-terror measures within days, saying community safety is the priority.

    ABC listen
  12. 12
    openaustralia.org.au

    openaustralia.org.au

    Making parliament easy.

    Openaustralia Org
  13. 13
    apnews.com

    apnews.com

    CANBERRA, Australia (AP) — Australia's government on Tuesday announced plans to regulate travel to terrorist hotbeds such as Iraq and Syria as part of a raft of counterterrorism measures aimed at addressing the domestic threat posed by war-hardened homegrown Islamic extremists.

    AP News
  14. 14
    lowyinstitute.org

    lowyinstitute.org

    News that the UK has upgraded its terrorism threat level from 'substantial' to 'severe' will undoubtedly help the Abbott Government to prosecute its case for enhanced anti-terror legislation. However, Sam Roggeveen is right to point out that the Government has so far failed to adequately link the scale and nature of the problem with its suggested remedies.

    Lowyinstitute
  15. 15
    loc.gov

    loc.gov

    This collection features research reports and other publications on a wide range of legal topics prepared by the Law Library of Congress in response to requests or recurring interest from Congress and other federal government entities on issues concerning foreign, comparative, and international law (FCIL).

    The Library of Congress
  16. 16
    PDF

    FTFs manaul final version 09.04.2021 ENG

    Unodc • PDF Document
  17. 17
    journal.riksawan.com

    journal.riksawan.com

    Journal Riksawan

  18. 18
    aph.gov.au

    aph.gov.au

    Key points The Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment (Declared Areas) Bill 2024 (the Bill) amends the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Criminal Code) and the Intelligence Services Act 2001 to extend the operation of the declared areas provisions of the Criminal Code for a further thr

    Aph Gov
  19. 19
    foreignminister.gov.au

    foreignminister.gov.au

    Foreignminister Gov

  20. 20
    lawcouncil.au

    lawcouncil.au

    The Australian Government's first priority is to keep our community safe from people who seek to do us harm.

    Australian National Security Website
  21. 21
    humanrights.gov.au

    humanrights.gov.au

    Humanrights Gov

  22. 22
    ato.gov.au

    ato.gov.au

    Ato Gov

  23. 23
    aph.gov.au

    aph.gov.au

    Helpful information Text of bill First reading: Text of the bill as introduced into the Parliament Third reading: Prepared if the bill is amended by the house in which it was introduced. This version of the bill is then considered by the second house. As passed by

    Aph Gov
  24. 24
    aph.gov.au

    aph.gov.au

    Gtcentre Unsw Edu

評価スケールの方法論

1-3: 虚偽

事実に反する、または悪意のある捏造。

4-6: 部分的

一部は真実だが、文脈が欠如または歪曲されている。

7-9: ほぼ真実

軽微な技術的問題または表現上の問題。

10: 正確

完全に検証済みで、文脈的に公正。

方法論: 評価は、公式の政府記録、独立したファクトチェック機関、および一次資料の相互参照を通じて決定されます。