部分的に真実

評価: 7.0/10

Coalition
C0334

主張

“オーストラリアの国章(コート・オブ・アームズ)を無断で使用した者に対し、風刺的なウェブサイトであっても詐欺の意図がなく、また無断使用によって実害が生じなかった場合であっても、最長2年間の禁固刑を科す法律を提案した。”
元の出典: Matthew Davis

元の出典

事実検証

この Kono 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa * * * * 実質じっしつ noun Jisshitsu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 正確せいかく noun Seikaku * * * * auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru .
The claim is **substantially accurate**.
連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa 確かたしか Tashika auxiliary-verb Ni " Criminal noun Criminal Code noun Code Amendment noun Amendment ( ( Impersonating noun Impersonating a noun A Commonwealth noun Commonwealth Body noun Body ) ) Bill noun Bill 2017 noun 2017 " ( 刑法けいほう noun Keihou 改正かいせい noun Kaisei あん noun An / 連邦れんぽう noun Renpou 機関きかん noun Kikan なりすまし verb Narisumashi 禁止きんし noun Kinshi ほう noun Hou あん noun An 2017 noun 2017 ねん noun Nen ) object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi , 国章こくしょう noun Kokushou object-marker Wo 含むふくむ verb Fukumu 連邦れんぽう noun Renpou possessive No シンボル noun Symbol possessive No 無断むだん noun Mudan 使用しよう noun Shiyou direction/target Ni 対するたいする verb Taisuru 禁固きんこ noun Kinko けい noun Kei object-marker Wo 科すかす verb Kasu もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
The Coalition Government did propose the Criminal Code Amendment (Impersonating a Commonwealth Body) Bill 2017, which would have imposed jail sentences for unauthorized use of Commonwealth symbols including the Coat of Arms [1].
当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian topic-marker Wa 特にとくに adverb Tokuni 問題もんだい noun Mondai subject-marker Ga あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta .
The original proposal was particularly problematic because, as the Electronic Frontier Foundation confirmed, "The provision that imposes a 2 year sentence for impersonation of a government agency does not require any intent to deceive" [1].
電子でんし noun Denshi フロンティア noun Frontier 財団ざいだん noun Zaidan ( EFF noun EFF ) subject-marker Ga 確認かくにん noun Kakunin verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta よう You auxiliary-verb Ni , " 政府せいふ noun Seifu 機関きかん noun Kikan なりすまし verb Narisumashi direction/target Ni 対したいし verb Taishi particle Te 2 noun 2 ねん noun Nen possessive No けい noun Kei object-marker Wo 科すかす verb Kasu 規定きてい noun Kitei topic-marker Wa , 詐欺さぎ noun Sagi possessive No 意図いと noun Ito object-marker Wo 必要ひつよう noun Hitsuyou and/with To verb Shi ない auxiliary-verb Nai 」[ ?? 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
The EFF also noted that the law "does not require that any actual harm was caused" [1].
EFF noun EFF topic-marker Wa また conjunction Mata , この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa " 実際じっさい noun Jissai direction/target Ni がい noun Gai subject-marker Ga 生じしょうじ verb Shouji auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 要求ようきゅう noun Youkyuu verb Shi ない auxiliary-verb Nai " and/with To also Mo 指摘してき noun Shiteki verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
This meant mere unauthorized use of the Coat of Arms could trigger criminal liability regardless of whether anyone was deceived or harmed.
これ Kore topic-marker Wa , 国章こくしょう noun Kokushou possessive No 単なるたんなる Tannaru 無断むだん noun Mudan 使用しよう noun Shiyou auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A particle Te also Mo , だれ Dare question Ka subject-marker Ga 欺かあざむか verb Azamuka auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka , また conjunction Mata topic-marker Wa がい noun Gai subject-marker Ga 生じしょうじ verb Shouji auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka direction/target Ni 関わらかかわら verb Kakawara auxiliary-verb Zu , 刑事けいじ noun Keiji 責任せきにん noun Sekinin subject-marker Ga 発生はっせい noun Hassei する verb Suru 可能かのう Kanou せい Sei subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 意味いみ noun Imi verb Shi particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta .
The legislative response was directly triggered by the National Symbols Officer's cease-and-desist letter to Juice Media (producers of "Honest Government Adverts") in September 2017—a case where the satire was so obvious that their mock coat of arms didn't even spell "Australian" correctly [1].
この Kono 立法りっぽう noun Rippou 対応たいおう noun Taiou topic-marker Wa , 2017 noun 2017 ねん noun Nen 9 noun 9 がつ noun Tsuki direction/target Ni 国家こっか noun Kokka シンボル noun Symbol 担当たんとう noun Tantou かん Kan から from/because Kara Juice noun Juice Media noun Media ( " 正直しょうじき noun Shoujiki auxiliary-verb Na 政府せいふ noun Seifu 広告こうこく noun Koukoku " possessive No 製作せいさく noun Seisaku しゃ Mono ) direction/target Ni 送らおくら verb Okura auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 差止さしとめ noun Sashitome 命令めいれい noun Meirei direction/target Ni 直接ちょくせつ adverb Chokusetsu 起因きいん noun Kiin verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru .
Within days of this incident, the Coalition proposed the impersonation law.
その Sono 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi topic-marker Wa あまり Amari auxiliary-verb Ni also Mo 明らかあきらか Akiraka auxiliary-verb De , 同社どうしゃ noun Dousha possessive No 模造もぞう noun Mozou 紋章もんしょう noun Monshou topic-marker Wa " Australian noun Australian ( オーストラリア noun Australia ) " and/with To いう verb Iu 単語たんご noun Tango さえ particle Sae 正しくただしく adjective Tadashiku 綴っつづっ verb Tsuzu particle Te verb I なかっ auxiliary-verb Naka auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
The bill became law on 21 June 2018, with offences carrying "2–5 years' imprisonment" depending on whether the impersonation was intentional and whether it aimed to cause loss or gain [2, 3].
この Kono 事件じけん noun Jiken から from/because Kara すう noun Suu じつ Hi 以内いない noun Inai direction/target Ni , 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa なりすまし verb Narisumashi ほう noun Hou object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta .
この Kono ほう noun Hou あん noun An topic-marker Wa 2018 noun 2018 ねん noun Nen 6 noun 6 がつ noun Tsuki 21 noun 21 Hi direction/target Ni 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu and/with To なり verb Nari , つみ noun Tsumi topic-marker Wa " 2 noun 2 ~ 5 noun 5 年間ねんかん noun Nenkan possessive No 禁固きんこ noun Kinko けい noun Kei " and/with To なり verb Nari , なりすまし verb Narisumashi subject-marker Ga 故意こい noun Koi auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka , また conjunction Mata 損失そんしつ noun Sonshitsu particle Ya 利益りえき noun Rieki object-marker Wo もたらす verb Motarasu 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka direction/target Ni よっ verb Yo particle Te 異なることなる verb Kotonaru [ [ 2 noun 2 , , 3 noun 3 ]。 ??

欠落した文脈

ただし conjunction Tadashi , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu and/with To 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian and/with To possessive No あいだ noun Ma direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa 重要じゅうよう Juuyou auxiliary-verb Na 違いちがい noun Chigai subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 明確めいかく Meikaku auxiliary-verb Ni する verb Suru 必要ひつよう noun Hitsuyou subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru :
However, the claim requires important clarification about the final law versus the original proposal: **Intent and Recklessness Requirements:** The final legislation that passed in June 2018 appears to have included intent and recklessness qualifications that were absent from the original proposal [2, 3].
* * * * 意図いと noun Ito and/with To 軽率けいそつ noun Keisotsu せい Sei possessive No 要件ようけん noun Youken : * * * * 2018 noun 2018 ねん noun Nen 6 noun 6 がつ noun Tsuki direction/target Ni 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa , 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa なかっ adjective Naka auxiliary-verb Ta 意図いと noun Ito and/with To 軽率けいそつ noun Keisotsu せい Sei possessive No 要件ようけん noun Youken subject-marker Ga 含まふくま verb Fukuma auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru よう You auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru [ [ 2 noun 2 , , 3 noun 3 ]。 ??
The current law requires that "a person intends that, or is reckless as to whether, their conduct will result in...a false representation," which is a meaningful modification from the initial no-intent language [2]. **Satire Exemption:** The law does include an exemption for "conduct engaged in solely for genuine satirical, academic or artistic purposes" [1].
現在げんざい noun Genzai possessive No 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu location/means De topic-marker Wa " その Sono 行為こうい noun Koui subject-marker Ga ... 虚偽きょぎ noun Kyogi possessive No 表示ひょうじ noun Hyouji object-marker Wo もたらす verb Motarasu こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 意図いと noun Ito verb Shi , また conjunction Mata topic-marker Wa その Sono よう You auxiliary-verb Na 結果けっか noun Kekka object-marker Wo 軽率けいそつ noun Keisotsu auxiliary-verb Ni 生じしょうじ verb Shouji させる auxiliary-verb Saseru " and/with To 要求ようきゅう noun Youkyuu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te おり verb Ori , これ Kore topic-marker Wa 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No Mu 意図いと noun Ito 条項じょうこう noun Joukou から from/because Kara 意味いみ noun Imi possessive No ある verb Aru 修正しゅうせい noun Shuusei and/with To なっ verb Na particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 2 noun 2 ]。 ??
While critics correctly identified that the "solely" and "genuine" qualifiers give government discretion to deny protection, this exemption was present from enactment—it was not an afterthought [1]. **Penalty Structure:** The final law differentiated penalties: 2 years for basic impersonation offences, but up to 5 years for aggravated offences where the person "intends the false representation to induce reliance" leading to loss or gain [3].
* * * * 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi possessive No 免除めんじょ noun Menjo : * * * * 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa " 真正しんせい noun Shinsei auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi てき Mato , 学術がくじゅつ noun Gakujutsu てき Mato また conjunction Mata topic-marker Wa 芸術げいじゅつ noun Geijutsu てき Mato 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki possessive No ため noun Tame direction/target Ni のみ particle Nomi 行わおこなわ verb Okonawa れる auxiliary-verb Reru 行為こうい noun Koui " direction/target Ni 対するたいする verb Taisuru 免除めんじょ noun Menjo subject-marker Ga 含まふくま verb Fukuma auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
批評ひひょう noun Hihyou Ie topic-marker Wa " のみ particle Nomi " および conjunction Oyobi " 真正しんせい noun Shinsei " and/with To いう verb Iu 修飾しゅうしょく noun Shuushoku noun Go subject-marker Ga 政府せいふ noun Seifu direction/target Ni 裁量さいりょう noun Sairyou けん Ken object-marker Wo 与えあたえ verb Atae particle Te 保護ほご noun Hogo object-marker Wo 拒否きょひ noun Kyohi できる verb Dekiru and/with To 正しくただしく adjective Tadashiku 指摘してき noun Shiteki verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru subject-marker Ga , この Kono 免除めんじょ noun Menjo topic-marker Wa 施行しこう noun Shikou noun Ji から from/because Kara 存在そんざい noun Sonzai verb Shi particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta 後付けあとづけ noun Atozuke location/means De topic-marker Wa なかっ adjective Naka auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
* * * * 刑罰けいばつ noun Keibatsu 構造こうぞう noun Kouzou : * * * * 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa 刑罰けいばつ noun Keibatsu object-marker Wo 区分くぶん noun Kubun verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta : 基本きほん noun Kihon てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na なりすまし verb Narisumashi つみ noun Tsumi location/means De topic-marker Wa 2 noun 2 ねん noun Nen , しかし conjunction Shikashi " 虚偽きょぎ noun Kyogi possessive No 表示ひょうじ noun Hyouji object-marker Wo 信頼しんらい noun Shinrai verb Sa せる auxiliary-verb Seru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 意図いと noun Ito " verb Shi particle Te 損失そんしつ noun Sonshitsu particle Ya 利益りえき noun Rieki object-marker Wo もたらす verb Motarasu 場合ばあい noun Baai topic-marker Wa 最長さいちょう noun Saichou 5 noun 5 ねん noun Nen [ [ 3 noun 3 ]。 ??

情報源の信頼性評価

原本げんぽん noun Genpon auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru 電子でんし noun Denshi フロンティア noun Frontier 財団ざいだん noun Zaidan ( EFF noun EFF ) topic-marker Wa 非常ひじょう Hijou auxiliary-verb Ni 信頼しんらい noun Shinrai できる verb Dekiru .
The original source—the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)—is highly credible.
EFF noun EFF topic-marker Wa 1990 noun 1990 ねん noun Nen direction/target Ni 設立せつりつ noun Setsuritsu verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta 著名ちょめい Chomei auxiliary-verb Na Hi 営利えいり noun Eiri デジタル noun Digital 市民しみん noun Shimin てき Mato 自由じゆう noun Jiyuu 団体だんたい noun Dantai auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 技術ぎじゅつ noun Gijutsu and/with To 言論げんろん noun Genron possessive No 自由じゆう noun Jiyuu direction/target Ni 関するかんする verb Kansuru 厳格げんかく Genkaku auxiliary-verb Na 分析ぶんせき noun Bunseki location/means De 知らしら verb Shira auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru [ [ 4 noun 4 ]。 ??
The EFF is a respected nonprofit digital civil liberties organization founded in 1990, known for rigorous analysis of technology and free speech issues [4].
該当がいとう noun Gaitou possessive No 記事きじ noun Kiji topic-marker Wa 2017 noun 2017 ねん noun Nen 10 noun 10 がつ noun Tsuki direction/target Ni 書かかか verb Kaka auxiliary-verb Re , ほう noun Hou あん noun An possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian and/with To どう noun Dou 時期じき noun Jiki possessive No もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa 議会ぎかい noun Gikai 記録きろく noun Kiroku and/with To 後続こうぞく noun Kouzoku possessive No 立法りっぽう noun Rippou データベース noun Database direction/target Ni よっ verb Yo particle Te 確認かくにん noun Kakunin verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru .
The article in question was written in October 2017, contemporaneous with the bill's proposal, and the claims have been verified against parliamentary records and subsequent legislation databases.
EFF noun EFF possessive No 記事きじ noun Kiji direction/target Ni 記載きさい noun Kisai verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te いる verb Iru Juice noun Juice Media noun Media possessive No 事件じけん noun Jiken topic-marker Wa , 政府せいふ noun Seifu 記録きろく noun Kiroku object-marker Wo 通じつうじ verb Tsuuji particle Te 独立どくりつ noun Dokuritsu verb Shi particle Te 確認かくにん noun Kakunin 可能かのう Kanou auxiliary-verb De あり verb Ari , 技術ぎじゅつ noun Gijutsu および conjunction Oyobi メディア noun Media 関連かんれん noun Kanren possessive No メディア noun Media location/means De 広くひろく adjective Hiroku 報道ほうどう noun Houdou verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 4 noun 4 ]。 ??
The Juice Media incident described in the EFF article is independently verifiable through government records and was widely reported in technology and media outlets [4].
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労働党比較

* * * * 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou also Mo 同様どうよう Douyou possessive No こと noun Koto object-marker Wo verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta question Ka ?
**Did Labor do something similar?** Search conducted: "Labor government defamation law Australia impersonation Coat of Arms" **Finding:** No evidence exists of Labor proposing identical legislation.
* * * *
In fact, recent Australian defamation law reforms have moved in the **opposite direction**.
検索けんさく noun Kensaku 実施じっし noun Jisshi : " Labor noun Labor government noun Government defamation noun Defamation law noun Law Australia noun Australia impersonation noun Impersonation Coat noun Coat of noun Of Arms noun Arms ( 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou 政府せいふ noun Seifu 誹謗ひぼう noun Hibou 中傷ちゅうしょう noun Chuushou ほう noun Hou オーストラリア noun Australia なりすまし verb Narisumashi 国章こくしょう noun Kokushou ) "
Labor and other state governments have supported defamation law modernizations (2021-2024) that **expand protections for satire** rather than restrict it.
* * * * 調査ちょうさ noun Chousa 結果けっか noun Kekka : * * * * 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou subject-marker Ga 同一どういつ Douitsu possessive No 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 証拠しょうこ noun Shouko topic-marker Wa 存在そんざい noun Sonzai verb Shi ない auxiliary-verb Nai .
According to analysis in The Conversation, modern Australian defamation reforms include "a public interest defence and a serious harm provision that promise room for maneuver for political satirists...The new serious harm provision means that satirical insult does not automatically equate to reputational damage" [5].
実際じっさい noun Jissai , 最近さいきん noun Saikin possessive No オーストラリア noun Australia possessive No 誹謗ひぼう noun Hibou 中傷ちゅうしょう noun Chuushou ほう noun Hou 改革かいかく noun Kaikaku topic-marker Wa * * * * 反対はんたい noun Hantai 方向ほうこう noun Houkou * * * * direction/target Ni 進んすすん verb Susun location/means De いる verb Iru .
This represents a more permissive approach to satire than the Coalition's impersonation law.
労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou particle Ya ほか noun Hoka possessive No しゅう noun Shuu 政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa , 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi object-marker Wo 制限せいげん noun Seigen する verb Suru possessive No auxiliary-verb De topic-marker Wa なく adjective Naku * * * * 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi possessive No 保護ほご noun Hogo object-marker Wo 拡大かくだい noun Kakudai * * * * する verb Suru 現代げんだい noun Gendai possessive No 誹謗ひぼう noun Hibou 中傷ちゅうしょう noun Chuushou ほう noun Hou 近代きんだい noun Kindai Bake ( 2021 noun 2021 - - 2024 noun 2024 ねん noun Nen ) object-marker Wo 支持しじ noun Shiji verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru .
No Labor government during the 2013-2022 period proposed criminal penalties for impersonating Commonwealth bodies or using the Coat of Arms.
The noun The Conversation noun Conversation possessive No 分析ぶんせき noun Bunseki direction/target Ni よる verb Yoru and/with To , 現代げんだい noun Gendai possessive No オーストラリア noun Australia possessive No 誹謗ひぼう noun Hibou 中傷ちゅうしょう noun Chuushou ほう noun Hou 改革かいかく noun Kaikaku direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa " 政治せいじ noun Seiji てき Mato 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi Ie direction/target Ni 余地よち noun Yochi object-marker Wo 約束やくそく noun Yakusoku する verb Suru 公益こうえき noun Koueki てき Mato 抗弁こうべん noun Kouben and/with To 重大じゅうだい Juudai auxiliary-verb Na がい noun Gai possessive No 規定きてい noun Kitei subject-marker Ga 含まふくま verb Fukuma れる auxiliary-verb Reru ... 新しいあたらしい adjective Atarashii 重大じゅうだい Juudai auxiliary-verb Na がい noun Gai possessive No 規定きてい noun Kitei topic-marker Wa , 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 侮辱ぶじょく noun Bujoku subject-marker Ga 自動じどう noun Jidou てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 評判ひょうばん noun Hyouban possessive No 損害そんがい noun Songai and/with To 等しくひとしく adjective Hitoshiku ない adjective Nai こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 意味いみ noun Imi する verb Suru 」[ ?? 5 noun 5 ]。 ??
これ Kore topic-marker Wa 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu possessive No なりすまし verb Narisumashi ほう noun Hou より particle Yori also Mo 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi direction/target Ni 対したいし verb Taishi particle Te 寛容かんよう noun Kan'you auxiliary-verb Na アプローチ noun Approach object-marker Wo 表しあらわし verb Arawashi particle Te いる verb Iru .
2013 noun 2013 - - 2022 noun 2022 ねん noun Nen possessive No あいだ noun Ma direction/target Ni 労働ろうどう noun Roudou とう Tou 政府せいふ noun Seifu subject-marker Ga 連邦れんぽう noun Renpou 機関きかん noun Kikan possessive No なりすまし verb Narisumashi particle Ya 国章こくしょう noun Kokushou possessive No 使用しよう noun Shiyou direction/target Ni 対するたいする verb Taisuru 刑事けいじ noun Keiji ばつ noun Batsu object-marker Wo 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta and/with To いう verb Iu 証拠しょうこ noun Shouko topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai .
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バランスの取れた視点

批評ひひょう noun Hihyou Ie subject-marker Ga この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu object-marker Wo 政治せいじ noun Seiji てき Mato 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi direction E possessive No 脅威きょうい noun Kyoui and/with To verb Shi particle Te 正しくただしく adjective Tadashiku 指摘してき noun Shiteki verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 一方いっぽう noun Ippou location/means De , 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 根拠こんきょ noun Konkyo topic-marker Wa , 公的こうてき Kouteki 混乱こんらん noun Konran particle Ya 詐欺さぎ noun Sagi object-marker Wo 引き起こすひきおこす verb Hikiokosu 可能かのう Kanou せい Sei possessive No ある verb Aru 連邦れんぽう noun Renpou 機関きかん noun Kikan possessive No なりすまし verb Narisumashi object-marker Wo 保護ほご noun Hogo する verb Suru こと noun Koto auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 2 noun 2 ]。 ??
While critics correctly identified the law as a threat to political satire, the government's stated rationale was protecting Commonwealth institutions from impersonation that could cause public confusion or fraud [2].
この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa , 詐欺さぎ noun Sagi 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki location/means De 政府せいふ noun Seifu 機関きかん noun Kikan object-marker Wo 悪意あくい noun Akui object-marker Wo もっ verb Mo particle Te なりすます verb Narisumasu こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 防ぐふせぐ verb Fusegu こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 目的もくてき noun Mokuteki and/with To verb Shi particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta .
The legislation aimed to prevent bad-faith impersonation of government agencies for deceptive purposes.
しかし conjunction Shikashi , この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu possessive No 根本こんぽん noun Konpon てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 問題もんだい noun Mondai 特にとくに adverb Tokuni 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No かたち noun Katachi direction/target Ni おい verb Oi particle Te topic-marker Wa , * * * * つみ noun Tsumi possessive No 過度かど Kado possessive No 広範こうはん Kouhan せい Sei and/with To 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi 保護ほご noun Hogo possessive No よわ adjective Jaku Sa possessive No 組み合わせくみあわせ noun Kumiawase * * * * auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta .
However, the fundamental problem with the law—particularly in its original form—was the **overbreadth of the offense combined with weak satire protections**.
EFF noun EFF topic-marker Wa , " オーストラリア noun Australia direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa だい Dai いち noun Ichi 修正しゅうせい noun Shuusei あん noun An ( あるいは conjunction Aruiha 書面しょめん noun Shomen possessive No 権利けんり noun Kenri 章典しょうてん noun Shouten さえ particle Sae ) subject-marker Ga ない adjective Nai ため noun Tame , 市民しみん noun Shimin てき Mato 自由じゆう noun Jiyuu 主義しゅぎ noun Shugi しゃ Mono topic-marker Wa , 提案ていあん noun Teian verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re auxiliary-verb Ta なりすまし verb Narisumashi ほう noun Hou subject-marker Ga 政治せいじ noun Seiji 評論ひょうろん noun Hyouron object-marker Wo 攻撃こうげき noun Kougeki する verb Suru ため noun Tame direction/target Ni 使用しよう noun Shiyou verb Sa れる auxiliary-verb Reru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 正しくただしく adjective Tadashiku 懸念けねん noun Kenen verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru " and/with To 指摘してき noun Shiteki verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
The EFF noted that Australia "does not have a First Amendment (or even a written bill of rights) so civil libertarians there are rightly concerned that the proposed law against impersonation could be used to attack political commentary" [1].
憲法けんぽう noun Kenpou じょう Ue possessive No 言論げんろん noun Genron possessive No 自由じゆう noun Jiyuu possessive No 保護ほご noun Hogo subject-marker Ga ない adjective Nai ため noun Tame , 定義ていぎ noun Teigi verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai " 真正しんせい noun Shinsei auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi " and/with To いう verb Iu 免除めんじょ noun Menjo topic-marker Wa , 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No 裁量さいりょう noun Sairyou けん Ken direction/target Ni 対するたいする verb Taisuru Fu 十分じゅうぶん Juu fun auxiliary-verb Na 保護ほご noun Hogo object-marker Wo 提供ていきょう noun Teikyou する verb Suru .
Without constitutional free speech protection, the undefined "genuine satire" exemption provides insufficient protection against government discretion.
Juice noun Juice Media noun Media possessive No れい noun Rei topic-marker Wa この Kono 懸念けねん noun Kenen object-marker Wo 例示れいじ noun Reiji verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru : 政府せいふ noun Seifu topic-marker Wa , 国名こくめい noun Kokumei さえ particle Sae 正しくただしく adjective Tadashiku 綴っつづっ verb Tsuzu particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai 明らかあきらか Akiraka auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi Ie direction/target Ni 対したいし verb Taishi particle Te , 紋章もんしょう noun Monshou possessive No 使用しよう noun Shiyou object-marker Wo 理由りゆう noun Riyuu direction/target Ni 差止さしとめ noun Sashitome 命令めいれい noun Meirei object-marker Wo 送付そうふ noun Soufu verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta .
The Juice Media case exemplifies the concern: the government sent a cease-and-desist to obvious satirists over use of a coat of arms that didn't even spell the country's name correctly.
これ Kore topic-marker Wa , 政府せいふ noun Seifu subject-marker Ga 正当せいとう noun Seitou auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi and/with To 欺くあざむく verb Azamuku こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 意図いと noun Ito verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 実際じっさい noun Jissai possessive No なりすまし verb Narisumashi object-marker Wo 区別くべつ noun Kubetsu でき verb Deki ない auxiliary-verb Nai こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 示ししめし verb Shimeshi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 ]。 ??
This demonstrated the government's inability to distinguish between legitimate satire and actual impersonation intended to deceive [1].
最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu possessive No もと noun Shita location/means De topic-marker Wa , 起訴きそ noun Kiso topic-marker Wa 意図いと noun Ito また conjunction Mata topic-marker Wa 軽率けいそつ noun Keisotsu せい Sei object-marker Wo 立証りっしょう noun Risshou する verb Suru こと noun Koto direction/target Ni 依存いぞん noun Izon する verb Suru しかし conjunction Shikashi , この Kono 免除めんじょ noun Menjo possessive No 文言もんごん noun Mongon topic-marker Wa , 明らかあきらか Akiraka auxiliary-verb Ni 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi てき Mato auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A particle Te also Mo 政府せいふ noun Seifu possessive No シンボル noun Symbol object-marker Wo 含めるふくめる verb Fukumeru こと noun Koto location/means De " 真正しんせい noun Shinsei auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi possessive No ため noun Tame のみ particle Nomi " and/with To いう verb Iu テスト noun Test direction/target Ni 合格ごうかく noun Goukaku verb Shi ない auxiliary-verb Nai and/with To 検事けんじ noun Kenji subject-marker Ga 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou する verb Suru こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 許可きょか noun Kyoka する verb Suru 可能かのう Kanou せい Sei subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru .
Under the final law, prosecution would depend on proving intent or recklessness—but the exemption's language could allow prosecutors to argue that including government symbols, even obviously satirically, fails the "solely for genuine satire" test. **Key context:** The law is **not unique to Coalition governments**—other governments worldwide have grappled with impersonation and symbol protection laws.
* * * * 重要じゅうよう Juuyou auxiliary-verb Na 文脈ぶんみゃく noun Bunmyaku : * * * * この Kono 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu topic-marker Wa * * * * 連立れんりつ noun Renritsu 政府せいふ noun Seifu direction/target Ni 特有とくゆう Tokuyuu possessive No もの noun Mono auxiliary-verb De topic-marker Wa ない adjective Nai * * * * 世界せかい noun Sekai ちゅう Naka possessive No ほか noun Hoka possessive No 政府せいふ noun Seifu also Mo なりすまし verb Narisumashi and/with To シンボル noun Symbol 保護ほご noun Hogo ほう noun Hou direction/target Ni 取り組んとりくん verb Torikun location/means De verb Ki auxiliary-verb Ta .
However, Australia's combination of (1) criminal rather than civil penalties, (2) weak intent requirements in the original proposal, (3) undefined "genuine satire" exemption, and (4) lack of constitutional free speech protection made this proposal notably restrictive compared to comparable democracies [1, 5].
しかし conjunction Shikashi , オーストラリア noun Australia possessive No ( ( 1 noun 1 ) ) 民事みんじ noun Minji location/means De topic-marker Wa なく adjective Naku 刑事けいじ noun Keiji ばつ noun Batsu , ( ( 2 noun 2 ) ) 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian direction/target Ni おけ verb Oke auxiliary-verb Ru 意図いと noun Ito 要件ようけん noun Youken possessive No よわ adjective Jaku Sa , ( ( 3 noun 3 ) ) 定義ていぎ noun Teigi verb Sa auxiliary-verb Re particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai " 真正しんせい noun Shinsei auxiliary-verb Na 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi " 免除めんじょ noun Menjo , ( ( 4 noun 4 ) ) 憲法けんぽう noun Kenpou じょう Ue possessive No 言論げんろん noun Genron possessive No 自由じゆう noun Jiyuu 保護ほご noun Hogo possessive No 欠如けつじょ noun Ketsujo and/with To いう verb Iu 組み合わせくみあわせ noun Kumiawase topic-marker Wa , 類似るいじ noun Ruiji possessive No 民主みんしゅ noun Minshu 主義しゅぎ noun Shugi こく Kuni and/with To 比較ひかく noun Hikaku verb Shi particle Te この Kono 提案ていあん noun Teian object-marker Wo 特にとくに adverb Tokuni 制限せいげん noun Seigen てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na もの noun Mono direction/target Ni verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta [ [ 1 noun 1 , , 5 noun 5 ]。 ??

部分的に真実

7.0

/ 10

この Kono 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou topic-marker Wa 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian object-marker Wo 正確せいかく noun Seikaku auxiliary-verb Ni 述べのべ verb Nobe particle Te いる verb Iru subject-marker Ga , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu ( 2018 noun 2018 ねん noun Nen 6 noun 6 がつ noun Tsuki 可決かけつ noun Kaketsu ) direction/target Ni topic-marker Wa Mu 意図いと noun Ito 問題もんだい noun Mondai object-marker Wo ある Aru 程度ていど noun Teido 解決かいけつ noun Kaiketsu する verb Suru 意図いと noun Ito / / 軽率けいそつ noun Keisotsu せい Sei possessive No 資格しかく noun Shikaku subject-marker Ga 含まふくま verb Fukuma auxiliary-verb Re particle Te verb I auxiliary-verb Ta こと noun Koto object-marker Wo 認識にんしき noun Ninshiki verb Shi particle Te verb I ない auxiliary-verb Nai .
The claim accurately describes the original proposal but does not acknowledge that the final law (passed June 2018) included intent/recklessness qualifications that somewhat addressed the no-intent problem.
核心かくしん noun Kakushin possessive No 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou 無断むだん noun Mudan location/means De 国章こくしょう noun Kokushou object-marker Wo 使用しよう noun Shiyou verb Shi auxiliary-verb Ta 場合ばあい noun Baai , 意図いと noun Ito particle Ya がい noun Gai object-marker Wo 必要ひつよう noun Hitsuyou and/with To verb Se auxiliary-verb Zu 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi object-marker Wo 含めふくめ verb Fukume particle Te 2 noun 2 ねん noun Nen possessive No 禁固きんこ noun Kinko けい noun Kei subject-marker Ga 科さかさ verb Kasa れる auxiliary-verb Reru 可能かのう Kanou せい Sei subject-marker Ga ある verb Aru and/with To いう verb Iu もの noun Mono topic-marker Wa 当初とうしょ noun Tousho possessive No 提案ていあん noun Teian direction/target Ni 関しかんし verb Kanshi particle Te topic-marker Wa 正確せいかく noun Seikaku auxiliary-verb De あっ verb A auxiliary-verb Ta subject-marker Ga , 最終さいしゅう noun Saishuu てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na 法律ほうりつ noun Houritsu direction/target Ni つい verb Tsui particle Te topic-marker Wa ニュアンス noun Nuance subject-marker Ga 必要ひつよう noun Hitsuyou auxiliary-verb De ある verb Aru .
The core claim—that the law could impose 2-year jail sentences for unauthorized Coat of Arms use, including satire without requiring intent or harm—was accurate for the initial proposal but requires nuance for the final legislation.
風刺ふうし noun Fuushi possessive No 免除めんじょ noun Menjo topic-marker Wa 存在そんざい noun Sonzai する verb Suru subject-marker Ga 弱くよわく adjective Yowaku , 主張しゅちょう noun Shuchou subject-marker Ga " 風刺ふうし noun Fuushi てき Mato auxiliary-verb Na ウェブサイト noun Website object-marker Wo 含むふくむ verb Fukumu " and/with To 強調きょうちょう noun Kyouchou する verb Suru こと noun Koto location/means De 暗黙あんもく noun Anmoku てき Mato auxiliary-verb Ni 指摘してき noun Shiteki verb Shi particle Te いる verb Iru よう You auxiliary-verb Ni .
The satire exemption is present but weak, as the claim implicitly notes by emphasizing "including satirical websites."

📚 出典と引用 (6)

  1. 1
    Australian Government Wants to Give Satire The Boot

    Australian Government Wants to Give Satire The Boot

    The National Symbols Officer of Australia recently wrote to Juice Media, producers of Rap News and Honest Government Adverts, suggesting that its “use” of Australia’s coat of arms violated various Australian laws. This threat came despite the fact that Juice Media’s videos are clearly satire and no...

    Electronic Frontier Foundation
  2. 2
    Criminal Code Amendment (Impersonating a Commonwealth Body) Bill 2017

    Criminal Code Amendment (Impersonating a Commonwealth Body) Bill 2017

    Helpful information Text of bill First reading: Text of the bill as introduced into the Parliament Third reading: Prepared if the bill is amended by the house in which it was introduced. This version of the bill is then considered by the second house. As passed by

    Aph Gov
  3. 3
    legislation.gov.au

    Criminal Code Amendment (Impersonating a Commonwealth Body) Act 2018

    Federal Register of Legislation

  4. 4
    techdirt.com

    Australian Lawmakers Propose Outlawing Parody, Having A Sense Of Humor

    Techdirt

  5. 5
    The policing of Australian satire: why defamation is still no joke, despite recent law changes

    The policing of Australian satire: why defamation is still no joke, despite recent law changes

    Recent changes to defamation laws may give political commentators more room to manoeuvre, but up-and-coming satirists will still face challenges to safely practice their craft.

    The Conversation
  6. 6
    Using Symbols in Art - Flags, Coats of Arms and Money

    Using Symbols in Art - Flags, Coats of Arms and Money

    Symbols in art, such as trade marks or coats of arms, can be powerful tools to convey meaning. But the law restricts use of certain symbols. 

    Arts Law Centre of Australia

評価スケールの方法論

1-3: 虚偽

事実に反する、または悪意のある捏造。

4-6: 部分的

一部は真実だが、文脈が欠如または歪曲されている。

7-9: ほぼ真実

軽微な技術的問題または表現上の問題。

10: 正確

完全に検証済みで、文脈的に公正。

方法論: 評価は、公式の政府記録、独立したファクトチェック機関、および一次資料の相互参照を通じて決定されます。