C0942
Klaim
“Menolak permintaan perawatan medis dari seorang wanita hamil dalam penahanan yang kemudian mengalami keguguran. Dia mungkin akan memiliki persalinan normal jika menerima perawatan yang dimintanya. Pemerintah menolak untuk berkomentar lebih lanjut.”
Sumber Asli: Matthew Davis
Sumber Asli
✅ VERIFIKASI FAKTA
Klaim ini melibatkan seorang pencari suaka Iran bernama Elham yang hamil 13 minggu ketika ditahan di Pulau Christmas pada September 2013.
The claim involves an Iranian asylum seeker named Elham who was 13 weeks pregnant when she was detained on Christmas Island in September 2013.
Menurut beberapa sumber, Elham mengeluh sakit tetapi awalnya diberitahu oleh perawat dan dokter bahwa "tidak ada yang salah" [1]. According to multiple sources, Elham complained of pain but was initially told by nurses and doctors that "there was nothing wrong" [1].
Ketika dia meminta ultrasound "untuk melihat bagaimana janin saya," dia diberitahu tidak ada ultrasound yang tersedia di Pulau Christmas [1]. When she asked for an ultrasound "to see how is my foetus," she was told there was no ultrasound available on Christmas Island [1].
Menurut laporan Guardian Australia, situasi memburuk ketika Elham mengalami sakit parah: "Saya sempat pingsan dan mengalami pendarahan - dan bahkan dalam kondisi ini mereka tidak memperhatikan saya dan mengatakan ini normal, tidak perlu ke rumah sakit" [1]. According to the Guardian Australia report, the situation escalated when Elham experienced severe pain: "I was going unconscious sometime and I got bleeding – and even with this situation they didn't pay attention to me and told me it's normal, no need to go to hospital" [1].
Seorang staf penahanan akhirnya mengantarnya ke rumah sakit di mana ultrasound mengungkapkan bahwa dia telah mengalami keguguran. A detention staff member eventually drove her to the hospital where an ultrasound revealed she had miscarried.
Dokter rumah sakit dilaporkan mengatakan kepada suaminya bahwa bayi itu "mungkin bisa diselamatkan jika mereka membawa istri Anda lebih awal" [1]. Hospital doctors reportedly told her husband that the baby "might have been saved if they could bring your wife earlier" [1].
Beberapa minggu setelah keguguran, Elham menyatakan bahwa dia belum diberikan ultrasound lebih lanjut untuk menentukan apa yang salah, dan diberitahu oleh staf medis: "Setiap kali saya bertanya, mereka terus mengatakan bahwa Anda berada di pusat penahanan dan tidak boleh berharap banyak" [1][2]. Weeks after the miscarriage, Elham stated she had been given no further ultrasound to determine what went wrong, and was told by medical staff: "Every time I am asking them, they keep telling me that you are in detention centre and should not expect a lot" [1][2].
Insiden ini didokumentasikan dalam "surat keprihatinan" yang ditulis oleh 15 dokter yang bekerja untuk International Health and Medical Services (IHMS), penyedia layanan kesehatan yang dikontrak oleh Departemen Imigrasi dan Perlindungan Perbatasan. The incident was documented in a "letter of concern" written by 15 doctors working for International Health and Medical Services (IHMS), the healthcare provider contracted by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
Surat tersebut merinci "praktik tidak aman dan penyimpangan besar dari standar medis yang umum diterima" yang dialami oleh pencari suaka di Pulau Christmas [1][2]. The letter detailed "unsafe practices and gross departures from generally accepted medical standards" experienced by asylum seekers on Christmas Island [1][2].
Mengenai respons pemerintah, Menteri Imigrasi saat itu Scott Morrison memang menolak untuk berkomentar secara spesifik tentang kasus ini. Regarding the government's response, then-Immigration Minister Scott Morrison did refuse to comment specifically on the case.
Dalam konferensi pers pada 20 Desember 2013, Morrison "menolak untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang kasus Latifa" (pencari suaka hamil lainnya) dan mengenai surat dokter hanya menyatakan: "Kami sedang menyelesaikan masalah-masalah dalam surat tersebut" [3]. At a press conference on December 20, 2013, Morrison "refused to take questions about Latifa's case" (another pregnant asylum seeker) and regarding the doctors' letter stated only: "We are working through the issues of that letter" [3].
Guardian melaporkan bahwa Morrison "tidak mengatakan apa-apa" tentang laporan kondisi medis yang memprihatinkan yang telah diterima departemennya dua minggu sebelumnya [4]. The Guardian reported that Morrison "said nothing" about the damning medical conditions report that his department had received two weeks prior [4].
Konteks yang Hilang
**Perubahan Kebijakan di Bawah Koalisi:** Klaim ini menghilangkan konteks kebijakan penting.
**Policy Change Under Coalition:** The claim omits important policy context.
Ketika pemerintah Labor (the "Pacific Solution") membangkitkan kembali pemrosesan offshore pada Agustus 2012, mereka tidak mengirim wanita hamil ke Nauru - mereka dikecualikan dari transfer offshore [1]. When the Labor government revived offshore processing (the "Pacific Solution") in August 2012, they did not send pregnant women to Nauru – they were exempted from offshore transfers [1].
Namun, pemerintah Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) yang baru, terpilih pada September 2013, menerapkan aturan "tanpa pengecualian". However, the new Coalition government, elected in September 2013, implemented a "no exceptions" rule.
Seperti dilaporkan Guardian: "pemerintah Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) yang baru beroperasi dengan aturan 'tanpa pengecualian' yang berarti semua pencari suaka yang tiba di Pulau Christmas sejak pertengahan Juli - bahkan wanita dengan kehamilan berisiko tinggi - dikirim ke pusat penahanan imigrasi di Nauru" [1]. **Keterbatasan Infrastruktur Medis:** Surat dokter menyoroti kegagalan sistemik, termasuk bahwa ultrasonografer mengunjungi Pulau Christmas hanya setiap beberapa bulan dan "terutama melayani penduduk setempat" [1]. As the Guardian reported: "the new Coalition government operates under a 'no exceptions' rule that means all asylum seekers who have arrived at Christmas Island since mid-July – even women with high-risk pregnancies – are sent to the immigration detention centre on Nauru" [1].
**Medical Infrastructure Limitations:** The doctors' letter highlighted systemic failures, including that ultrasonographers visited Christmas Island only every few months and "cater primarily for local residents" [1].
Rumah sakit pulau memiliki mesin ultrasound tetapi "jarang ada spesialis yang tersedia yang tahu cara menggunakannya" [1]. **Respons IHMS:** IHMS, penyedia layanan kesehatan yang dikontrak, mengakui periode tersebut sebagai "intensitas tinggi, dengan jumlah kedatangan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dan peningkatan jumlah orang yang datang dengan berbagai kondisi medis kompleks yang signifikan" [2]. The island's hospital had an ultrasound machine but "there are rarely specialists available who know how to use it" [1].
**IHMS Response:** IHMS, the contracted healthcare provider, acknowledged the period was "high intensity, with an unprecedented number of arrivals and an increased number of people presenting with a range of significant complex medical conditions" [2].
IHMS menyatakan mereka akan bekerja "secara konstruktif dengan Dr Sanggaran [penulis utama] untuk meninjau masalah-masalah ini dan menyelesaikan kekhawatirannya" [2]. **Beberapa Kasus:** Kasus Elham bukanlah kasus yang terisolasi. IHMS stated they would work "constructively with Dr Sanggaran [the principal author] to review these matters and to resolve his concerns" [2].
**Multiple Cases:** The Elham case was not isolated.
Surat dokter merujuk pada wanita hamil lain dalam penahanan, termasuk "Latifa" - seorang wanita Rohingya berusia 30 tahun dengan kehamilan "risiko sangat tinggi" (riwayat operasi caesar, diduga mengandung kembar) yang dikirim ke Nauru meskipun ada kekhawatiran medis [1]. The doctors' letter referenced other pregnant women in detention, including "Latifa" – a 30-year-old Rohingyan woman with a "very high risk" pregnancy (history of caesareans, thought to be carrying twins) who was sent to Nauru despite medical concerns [1].
Latifa akhirnya harus diterbangkan ke Brisbane untuk persalinan karena komplikasi [1]. Latifa eventually had to be flown to Brisbane for delivery due to complications [1].
Penilaian Kredibilitas Sumber
**The Guardian Australia:** Sumber asli adalah Guardian Australia, yang umumnya dianggap sebagai organisasi berita arus utama terkemuka dengan standar jurnalistik profesional.
**The Guardian Australia:** The original source is Guardian Australia, which is generally considered a reputable mainstream news organization with professional journalism standards.
Artikel tersebut ditulis bersama oleh David Marr (seorang jurnalis Australia yang dihormati) dan Oliver Laughland. The article was co-authored by David Marr (a respected Australian journalist) and Oliver Laughland.
Guardian memiliki stance editorial center-left, yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika mengevaluasi cakupan topik sensitif politik seperti kebijakan pencari suaka [1]. **International Business Times:** Artikel IBTimes mendukung pelaporan Guardian, mengonfirmasi kisah Elham dan kekhawatiran dokter [2]. **Surat Dokter:** Bukti utama berasal dari surat yang ditulis oleh 15 dokter yang bekerja di Pulau Christmas. The Guardian has a center-left editorial stance, which should be considered when evaluating coverage of politically sensitive topics like asylum seeker policy [1].
**International Business Times:** The IBTimes article corroborates the Guardian's reporting, confirming Elham's account and the doctors' concerns [2].
**Doctors' Letter:** The primary evidence comes from a letter written by 15 doctors working on Christmas Island.
Ini adalah profesional layanan kesehatan yang secara langsung terlibat dalam merawat pencari suaka, dipekerjakan oleh IHMS, penyedia layanan kesehatan yang dikontrak. These were healthcare professionals directly involved in treating asylum seekers, employed by IHMS, the contracted healthcare provider.
Kredensial profesional dan pengalaman langsung mereka memberikan kredibilitas pada klaim tersebut, meskipun surat tersebut mewakili keprihatinan profesional mereka daripada audit atau penyelidikan resmi [1][2]. **Australian Human Rights Commission:** Profesor Gillian Triggs, ketua AHRC saat itu, secara publik mendukung keprihatinan dokter, menggambarkan laporan mereka sebagai "mengerikan dalam kejelasan ilmiah objektifnya" dan menyatakan bahwa "Australia tampaknya gagal memenuhi standar hukum internasional tentang perlakuan manusiawi terhadap pencari suaka" [1]. Their professional credentials and firsthand experience lend credibility to the claims, though the letter represents their professional concerns rather than an official audit or investigation [1][2].
**Australian Human Rights Commission:** Professor Gillian Triggs, then-president of the AHRC, publicly supported the doctors' concerns, describing their report as "chilling in its objective scientific clarity" and stating that "Australia appears to fail to meet international legal standards of humane treatment of asylum seekers" [1].
AHRC adalah badan statuter independen. **Potensi Bias:** Sumber asli (Guardian Australia) dan organisasi advokasi terkait (ASRC, Human Rights Law Centre) umumnya mengadvokasi kebijakan pencari suaka yang lebih manusiawi. The AHRC is an independent statutory body.
**Potential Bias:** The original source (Guardian Australia) and associated advocacy organizations (ASRC, Human Rights Law Centre) generally advocate for more humane asylum seeker policies.
Namun, fakta inti tentang kasus Elham konsisten di berbagai sumber independen dan dokumentasi dokter sendiri. However, the core facts about Elham's case are consistent across multiple independent sources and the doctors' own documentation.
⚖️
Perbandingan Labor
**Kebijakan Labor tentang Wanita Hamil:** Ketika pemerintah Labor (di bawah Perdana Menteri Julia Gillard) membangkitkan kembali pemrosesan offshore pada Agustus 2012, mereka secara spesifik mengecualikan wanita hamil dari pengiriman ke Nauru [1].
**Labor's Policy on Pregnant Women:** When the Labor government (under Prime Minister Julia Gillard) revived offshore processing in August 2012, they specifically exempted pregnant women from being sent to Nauru [1].
Perbedaan kebijakan ini signifikan - di bawah Labor, wanita hamil seperti Elham kemungkinan besar akan tetap berada dalam penahanan di darat atau penahanan komunitas daripada ditransfer ke fasilitas offshore dengan infrastruktur medis terbatas. **Pembalikan Kebijakan di Bawah Koalisi:** Kebijakan "tanpa pengecualian" Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition), diterapkan setelah kemenangan pemilihan September 2013 mereka, menghapus pengecualian ini. This policy difference is significant – under Labor, pregnant women like Elham would likely have remained in onshore detention or community detention rather than being transferred to offshore facilities with limited medical infrastructure.
**Policy Reversal Under Coalition:** The Coalition's "no exceptions" policy, implemented after their September 2013 election victory, removed this exemption.
Seperti dilaporkan Guardian: "Ketika Labor menghidupkan kembali 'solusi Pasifik' pada 2012, wanita hamil tidak dikirim ke Nauru. As the Guardian reported: "When Labor revived the 'Pacific solution' in 2012, pregnant women were not sent to Nauru.
Tetapi pemerintah Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) yang baru beroperasi dengan aturan 'tanpa pengecualian'" [1]. **Pernyataan Scott Morrison:** Menteri Imigrasi baru Scott Morrison secara eksplisit membedakan kedua pendekatan tersebut pada Oktober 2013: "Pemerintah sebelumnya mengirim sangat sedikit orang ke Pulau Manus dan Nauru untuk pemrosesan offshore karena mereka tidak benar-benar percaya padanya... But the new Coalition government operates under a 'no exceptions' rule" [1].
**Scott Morrison's Statement:** The new Immigration Minister Scott Morrison explicitly contrasted the two approaches in October 2013: "The previous government sent very few people to Manus Island and Nauru for offshore processing because they didn't really believe in it...
Perbedaan antara pemerintah Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) dan Labor adalah bahwa Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) benar-benar menerapkan pemrosesan offshore dengan benar" [1]. **Konteks Historis:** Penting untuk dicatat bahwa meskipun Labor mengecualikan wanita hamil dari penahanan offshore selama rezim pemrosesan offshore 2012-2013 mereka, pemerintah Labor (1992-1996, 2007-2013) mempertahankan kebijakan penahanan wajib yang memiliki masalah dokumentasi sendiri terkait akses layanan kesehatan. The difference between the Coalition government and Labor is that the Coalition is actually implementing offshore processing properly" [1].
**Historical Context:** It's important to note that while Labor exempted pregnant women from offshore detention during their 2012-2013 offshore processing regime, the Labor government (1992-1996, 2007-2013) maintained mandatory detention policies that had their own documented issues with healthcare access.
Namun, kombinasi spesifik dari: 1. However, the specific combination of:
1.
Mengirim wanita hamil ke lokasi terpencil dengan infrastruktur medis terbatas 2. Sending pregnant women to remote locations with limited medical infrastructure
2.
Kebijakan "tanpa pengecualian" yang menghapus pengecualian sebelumnya 3. The "no exceptions" policy removing previous exemptions
3.
Konsekuensi medis yang terdokumentasi yang dihasilkan terlihat mewakili penurunan dalam perlindungan spesifik untuk pencari suaka wanita hamil dibandingkan dengan kerangka kebijakan Labor yang langsung mendahuluinya. The resulting documented medical consequences
appears to represent a deterioration in specific protections for pregnant asylum seekers compared to the immediately preceding Labor policy framework.
🌐
Perspektif Seimbang
**Justifikasi Pemerintah:** Pemerintah Koalisi (Liberal-National Coalition) membela kebijakan pemrosesan offshore yang ketat sebagai perlu untuk menghalangi perjalanan perahu berbahaya dan mencegah kematian di laut.
**Government Justification:** The Coalition government defended its strict offshore processing policy as necessary to deter dangerous boat journeys and prevent deaths at sea.
Pernyataan Scott Morrison tentang "menerapkan pemrosesan offshore dengan benar" mencerminkan pandangan pemerintah bahwa pendekatan lebih lunak Labor (termasuk pengecualian untuk wanita hamil) melemahkan efek penghambat dari kebijakan tersebut [1]. **Posisi Penyedia Layanan Kesehatan:** IHMS mengakui tantangan periode tersebut, mencatat itu adalah "intensitas tinggi, dengan jumlah kedatangan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya" [2]. Scott Morrison's statement about "implementing offshore processing properly" reflects the government's view that Labor's more lenient approach (including exemptions for pregnant women) undermined the deterrent effect of the policy [1].
**Healthcare Provider Position:** IHMS acknowledged the challenges of the period, noting it was "high intensity, with an unprecedented number of arrivals" [2].
Mereka berkomitmen untuk bekerja dengan dokter yang prihatin untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah yang diangkat [2]. **Kegagalan Sistemik vs. They committed to working with concerned doctors to address the issues raised [2].
**Systemic vs.
Individu:** Surat dokter menunjukkan kegagalan sistemik daripada insiden terisolasi. Individual Failures:** The doctors' letter suggests systemic failures rather than isolated incidents.
Masalah-masalah tersebut termasuk: - Kurangnya layanan ultrasonografi reguler - Perawatan antenatal yang tidak memenuhi standar Australia - Transfer wanita hamil berisiko tinggi ke Nauru meskipun ada kekhawatiran medis - Penyitaan obat-obatan dan alat bantu medis - Kurangnya layanan kesehatan mental khusus anak [1] **Beberapa Lapisan Akuntabilitas:** Insiden ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang: - Keputusan kebijakan Departemen Imigrasi dan Perlindungan Perbatasan - Standar penyediaan layanan kesehatan IHMS - Ketersediaan infrastruktur medis di Pulau Christmas - Kepantasan kebijakan "tanpa pengecualian" untuk populasi rentan **Standar Internasional:** Penilaian Komisi Hak Asasi Manusia Australia bahwa Australia "terlihat gagal memenuhi standar hukum internasional tentang perlakuan manusiawi terhadap pencari suaka" mewakili penilaian profesional badan statuter independen [1]. **Konteks Kunci:** Ini bukan unik untuk Koalisi dalam pengertian bahwa kedua partai politik Australia utama telah mendukung penahanan offshore dan kebijakan penahanan wajib dengan dampak kesehatan negatif yang terdokumentasi. The issues included:
- Lack of regular ultrasonography services
- Inadequate antenatal care not meeting Australian standards
- Transfer of high-risk pregnant women to Nauru despite medical concerns
- Confiscation of medications and medical aids
- Lack of child-specific mental health services [1]
**Multiple Accountability Layers:** The incident raises questions about:
- The Department of Immigration and Border Protection's policy decisions
- IHMS's healthcare delivery standards
- The availability of medical infrastructure on Christmas Island
- The appropriateness of the "no exceptions" policy for vulnerable populations
**International Standards:** The Australian Human Rights Commission's assessment that Australia "appears to fail to meet international legal standards of humane treatment of asylum seekers" represents an independent statutory body's professional judgment [1].
**Key Context:** This is not unique to the Coalition in the sense that both major Australian political parties have supported offshore detention and mandatory detention policies with documented negative health impacts.
Namun, perubahan kebijakan spesifik mengenai wanita hamil - menghapus pengecualian yang ada di bawah rezim pemrosesan offshore Labor 2012 - tampaknya telah berkontribusi secara langsung pada keadaan yang mengarah pada kasus Elham dan insiden serupa lainnya. However, the specific policy change regarding pregnant women – removing the exemption that existed under Labor's 2012 offshore processing regime – appears to have directly contributed to the circumstances that led to Elham's case and other similar incidents.
SEBAGIAN BENAR
6.0
/ 10
Fakta inti dari klaim ini terbukti: seorang pencari suaka Iran bernama Elham yang sedang hamil ditolak perawatan medis yang tepat waktu termasuk ultrasound di Pulau Christmas, kemudian mengalami keguguran, dan dokter dilaporkan mengindikasikan intervensi lebih awal mungkin bisa menyelamatkan kehamilan tersebut.
The core facts of the claim are substantiated: an Iranian asylum seeker named Elham who was pregnant was denied timely medical care including an ultrasound on Christmas Island, subsequently suffered a miscarriage, and doctors reportedly indicated earlier intervention might have saved the pregnancy.
Pemerintah, khususnya Menteri Imigrasi Scott Morrison, memang menolak untuk berkomentar secara spesifik tentang kasus ini, hanya merujuk pada "menyelesaikan masalah-masalah" dalam surat dokter [1][3][4]. The government, specifically Immigration Minister Scott Morrison, did decline to comment specifically on the case, referring only to "working through the issues" of the doctors' letter [1][3][4].
Namun, klaim ini mengandung unsur-unsur yang memerlukan kualifikasi: 1. However, the claim contains elements that require qualification:
1.
Frasa "menolak permintaan perawatan medis" agak menyederhanakan situasi yang melibatkan kegagalan infrastruktur layanan kesehatan sistemik dan keputusan kebijakan daripada penolakan langsung untuk merawat 2. The phrase "refused requests for medical treatment" somewhat oversimplifies a situation involving systemic healthcare infrastructure failures and policy decisions rather than a direct refusal to treat
2.
Klaim bahwa "dia mungkin akan memiliki persalinan normal" didasarkan pada apa yang dokter rumah sakit dilaporkan katakan kepada suaminya - bayi itu "mungkin bisa diselamatkan" - tetapi ini bukan kepastian 3. The claim that "she probably would have had a normal birth" is based on what hospital doctors reportedly told her husband – the baby "might have been saved" – but this is not a certainty
3.
Klaim menghilangkan konteks penting bahwa ini mewakili perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah Labor sebelumnya, yang telah mengecualikan wanita hamil dari penahanan offshore The claim omits the important context that this represented a policy change from the preceding Labor government, which had exempted pregnant women from offshore detention
Skor Akhir
6.0
/ 10
SEBAGIAN BENAR
Fakta inti dari klaim ini terbukti: seorang pencari suaka Iran bernama Elham yang sedang hamil ditolak perawatan medis yang tepat waktu termasuk ultrasound di Pulau Christmas, kemudian mengalami keguguran, dan dokter dilaporkan mengindikasikan intervensi lebih awal mungkin bisa menyelamatkan kehamilan tersebut.
The core facts of the claim are substantiated: an Iranian asylum seeker named Elham who was pregnant was denied timely medical care including an ultrasound on Christmas Island, subsequently suffered a miscarriage, and doctors reportedly indicated earlier intervention might have saved the pregnancy.
Pemerintah, khususnya Menteri Imigrasi Scott Morrison, memang menolak untuk berkomentar secara spesifik tentang kasus ini, hanya merujuk pada "menyelesaikan masalah-masalah" dalam surat dokter [1][3][4]. The government, specifically Immigration Minister Scott Morrison, did decline to comment specifically on the case, referring only to "working through the issues" of the doctors' letter [1][3][4].
Namun, klaim ini mengandung unsur-unsur yang memerlukan kualifikasi: 1. However, the claim contains elements that require qualification:
1.
Frasa "menolak permintaan perawatan medis" agak menyederhanakan situasi yang melibatkan kegagalan infrastruktur layanan kesehatan sistemik dan keputusan kebijakan daripada penolakan langsung untuk merawat 2. The phrase "refused requests for medical treatment" somewhat oversimplifies a situation involving systemic healthcare infrastructure failures and policy decisions rather than a direct refusal to treat
2.
Klaim bahwa "dia mungkin akan memiliki persalinan normal" didasarkan pada apa yang dokter rumah sakit dilaporkan katakan kepada suaminya - bayi itu "mungkin bisa diselamatkan" - tetapi ini bukan kepastian 3. The claim that "she probably would have had a normal birth" is based on what hospital doctors reportedly told her husband – the baby "might have been saved" – but this is not a certainty
3.
Klaim menghilangkan konteks penting bahwa ini mewakili perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah Labor sebelumnya, yang telah mengecualikan wanita hamil dari penahanan offshore The claim omits the important context that this represented a policy change from the preceding Labor government, which had exempted pregnant women from offshore detention
📚 SUMBER DAN KUTIPAN (7)
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1
theguardian.com
'They keep telling me that you are in detention centre and should not expect a lot,' says Elham, an Iranian asylum seeker who begged for an ultrasound before – and after – losing her baby
the Guardian -
2
ibtimes.co.uk
Ibtimes Co
-
3
theguardian.com
Minister claims he never 'received' the letter of concern from 15 doctors despite his department having it for a fortnight
the Guardian -
4
theguardian.com
There were 23 questions put to the immigration minister at last week’s Operation Sovereign Borders press conference, but his website says he didn’t hear them
the Guardian -
5
humanrights.gov.au
Humanrights Gov
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6
hrlc.org.au
Human Rights Law Centre -
7
mja.com.au
A high standard of pregnancy care should be provided for all women
Mja Com
Metodologi Skala Penilaian
1-3: SALAH
Secara faktual salah atau fabrikasi jahat.
4-6: SEBAGIAN
Ada kebenaran tetapi konteks hilang atau menyimpang.
7-9: SEBAGIAN BESAR BENAR
Masalah teknis kecil atau masalah redaksi.
10: AKURAT
Terverifikasi sempurna dan adil secara kontekstual.
Metodologi: Penilaian ditentukan melalui referensi silang catatan pemerintah resmi, organisasi pemeriksa fakta independen, dan dokumen sumber primer.