C0045
Klaim
“Tidak membangun pusat karantina untuk COVID, menyerahkan tanggung jawab respons COVID kepada pemerintah negara bagian, meskipun konstitusi (pasal V.51.ix) secara jelas menyatakan bahwa itu adalah tanggung jawab federal. ID Klaim: C0045 Kategori: Respons COVID-19, Tanggung Jawab Konstitusional Tanggal Dianalisis: 29 Januari 2026”
Sumber Asli: Matthew Davis
Dianalisis: 29 Jan 2026
Sumber Asli
✅ VERIFIKASI FAKTA
Klaim ini mengandung asersi yang secara faktual tidak benar dan salah penggambaran pembagian tanggung jawab konstitusi selama COVID-19.
The claim contains both a factually incorrect assertion and a misrepresentation of constitutional responsibility sharing during COVID-19.
### Pasal 51(ix) Konstitusi ### Constitution Section 51(ix)
Klaim ini **benar bahwa Konstitusi memberikan kekuasaan karantina kepada Persemakmuran**. The claim is **correct that the Constitution grants quarantine powers to the Commonwealth**.
Pasal 51(ix) Konstitusi Australia menyatakan bahwa Parlemen dapat membuat undang-undang mengenai "Karantina" [1]. Section 51(ix) of the Australian Constitution states that the Parliament can make laws regarding "Quarantine" [1].
Kekuasaan ini telah ditafsirkan sebagai memberikan pemerintah federal tanggung jawab konstitusional utama untuk masalah karantina [2]. This power has been interpreted as giving the federal government primary constitutional responsibility for quarantine matters [2].
### Pembangunan Fasilitas Karantina Federal - KLAIM SALAH ### Federal Quarantine Facilities Construction - CLAIM IS FALSE
Bertentangan dengan asersi klaim bahwa Koalisi "tidak membangun pusat karantina," pemerintah federal **secara aktif membangun dan mengoperasikan fasilitas karantina federal**: **Fasilitas Howard Springs (Teritori Utara)** Pemerintahan Morrison mendirikan **Fasilitas Karantina Howard Springs** (Pusat Ketahanan Nasional) di Teritori Utara, yang dibuka pada **Oktober 2020** [3]. Contrary to the claim's assertion that the Coalition "built no quarantine centers," the federal government **actively constructed and operated federal quarantine facilities**:
**Howard Springs Facility (Northern Territory)**
The Morrison government established the **Howard Springs Quarantine Facility** (Centre for National Resilience) in the Northern Territory, which opened in **October 2020** [3].
Fasilitas ini: - Awalnya adalah kamp pekerja yang tidak digunakan yang dialihfungsikan oleh pemerintah federal - Dioperasikan oleh Tim Bantuan Medis Australia (AUSMAT) atas nama Persemakmuran - Diakui sebagai fasilitas karantina "standar emas" Australia tanpa transmisi komunitas yang terdokumentasi dari lebih dari 30.000 penghuni [4] - Diperluas beberapa kali di bawah arahan pemerintahan Morrison, dengan kapasitas akhirnya mencapai 2.000 kedatangan per dua minggu [5] **Fasilitas Mickleham (Victoria)** Pemerintahan Morrison juga **mengkomitmenkan lebih dari 200 juta dolar Australia untuk membangun fasilitas karantina federal yang didedikasikan di Mickleham, Victoria** [6]. This facility was:
- Originally a disused workers' camp repurposed by the federal government
- Operated by the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AUSMAT) on behalf of the Commonwealth
- Recognized as Australia's "gold standard" quarantine facility with no documented community transmission from over 30,000 residents [4]
- Expanded multiple times under Morrison government direction, with capacity eventually reaching 2,000 arrivals per fortnight [5]
**Mickleham Facility (Victoria)**
The Morrison government also **committed $200+ million to construct a purpose-built federal quarantine facility at Mickleham, Victoria** [6].
Fasilitas ini: - Secara resmi disetujui dan pembangunannya dimulai pada Agustus 2021 - Dibuka pada Februari 2022 dengan total biaya 580 juta dolar Australia - Dioperasikan di bawah pengawasan federal Persemakmuran sebagai "Pusat Ketahanan Nasional" - Menyediakan kapasitas 500 tempat tidur dan beroperasi selama tujuh bulan sebelum penutupan pada Oktober 2022 ketika perbatasan perjalanan domestik dibuka kembali [7] **Fasilitas yang Diusulkan di Canberra dan Tasmania** Pemerintah federal juga mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan fasilitas karantina di Canberra dan Tasmania [8], meskipun ini tampaknya tidak berkembang sejauh Howard Springs dan Mickleham. This facility:
- Was formally approved and construction began in August 2021
- Opened in February 2022 with a total cost of $580 million
- Operated under federal Commonwealth oversight as a "Centre for National Resilience"
- Provided 500 bed capacity and operated for seven months before closure in October 2022 when domestic travel borders reopened [7]
**Proposed Canberra and Tasmania Facilities**
The federal government also announced plans to establish quarantine facilities in Canberra and Tasmania [8], though these appear not to have progressed to the same extent as Howard Springs and Mickleham.
### Pembagian Tanggung Jawab - BENAR SEBAGIAN ### Responsibility Division - PARTIALLY CORRECT
Klaim ini dengan benar mengidentifikasi bahwa **pemerintah negara bagian dan teritorial menangani mayoritas tanggung jawab karantina melalui karantina hotel**. The claim correctly identifies that **state and territorial governments handled the majority of quarantine responsibility through hotel quarantine**.
Namun, ini memerlukan konteks penting: **Kesepakatan Konstitusional vs. However, this requires important context:
**Constitutional Agreement vs.
Pengabaian** Negara bagian dan teritorial tidak begitu saja menerima tanggung jawab ini karena kelalaian federal. Abdication**
The states and territories did not simply receive this responsibility due to federal negligence.
Sebaliknya: - Pada Maret 2020, **Perdana Menteri Scott Morrison mencapai kesepakatan eksplisit dengan para pemimpin negara bagian dan teritorial** [9] - Negara bagian dan teritorial **secara sukarela setuju untuk menjalankan karantina hotel** meskipun ada tanggung jawab konstitusional federal [10] - Negara bagian setuju untuk mendanai mayoritas operasi karantina hotel sendiri [11] - Pengaturan ini berlanjut sepanjang 2020-2021, di mana karantina hotel menjadi mekanisme utama (dengan fasilitas federal melayani peran khusus) **Alasan Pengaturan** Menurut analisis ABC, negara bagian dan teritorial menerima pengaturan ini karena beberapa alasan: - Mereka membutuhkan sistem Centrelink federal untuk mendukung pekerja yang terisolasi [12] - Mereka kurang percaya pada administrasi kesehatan masyarakat Persemakmuran, yang mengutip kegagalan dalam perawatan lansia yang diatur secara federal [13] - Pengendalian perbatasan antar-negara bagian memerlukan koordinasi negara bagian [14] - Pemerintah federal diuntungkan dengan menghindari biaya keuangan dan konsekuensi politik dari kegagalan sistemik [15] Rather:
- In March 2020, **Prime Minister Scott Morrison reached an explicit agreement with state and territory leaders** [9]
- States and territories **voluntarily agreed to run hotel quarantine** despite the federal constitutional responsibility [10]
- States agreed to fund the majority of hotel quarantine operations themselves [11]
- This arrangement persisted throughout 2020-2021, during which hotel quarantine was the primary mechanism (with federal facilities serving specialized roles)
**Reasons for Arrangement**
According to ABC analysis, the states and territories accepted this arrangement for several reasons:
- They needed federal Centrelink systems to support isolated workers [12]
- They lacked confidence in Commonwealth public health administration, citing failures in federally-regulated aged care [13]
- Interstate border control required state coordination [14]
- The federal government benefited by avoiding financial costs and political fallout from systemic failures [15]
Konteks yang Hilang
Klaim ini menghilangkan beberapa bagian konteks kritis:
The claim omits several critical pieces of context:
### 1. Kompleksitas Konstitusional dan Federalisme ### 1. Constitutional Complexity and Federalism
Meskipun Konstitusi memberikan kekuasaan karantina kepada Persemakmuran, **implementasi kesehatan masyarakat praktis di Australia terjadi di berbagai tingkat pemerintahan** [16]. While the Constitution grants quarantine power to the Commonwealth, **practical public health implementation in Australia occurs at multiple government levels** [16].
Pengaturan ini bukan pengabaian federal murni tetapi pembagian kerja yang dinegosiasikan sesuai dengan sistem federal Australia. The arrangement was not a pure federal abdication but a negotiated division of labor appropriate to Australia's federal system.
### 2. Konsensus Strategi Kesehatan Masyarakat Awal ### 2. Initial Public Health Strategy Consensus
Karantina hotel bukan hanya pilihan pemerintah negara bagian. Hotel quarantine was not solely a state government choice.
Menurut Tinjauan Halton, karantina hotel ditentukan sebagai "pilihan terbaik" ketika diimplementasikan [17]. According to the Halton Review, hotel quarantine was determined to be "essentially the best option" when it was implemented [17].
Tinjauan Halton, yang dikomisionir oleh Kabinet Nasional, merekomendasikan agar Persemakmuran mempertahankan fasilitas nasional "dalam kesiagaan untuk menghadapi lonjakan mendadak" [18] — yang persis seperti yang disediakan Howard Springs. The Halton Review, commissioned by National Cabinet, did recommend that the Commonwealth maintain a national facility "at the ready in case of a sudden surge" [18] — which is exactly what Howard Springs provided.
### 3. Kendala Sumber Daya Medis ### 3. Medical Resource Constraints
Ketika ditanya mengapa Persemakmuran tidak mendirikan lebih banyak fasilitas karantina menggunakan sumber daya ADF, pejabat Persemakmuran mengutip kendala yang realistis: "Persemakmuran jelas tidak memiliki kapasitas kesehatan masyarakat... semua personel medis di ADF berjumlah 935 staf dan hampir semuanya sudah dikerahkan untuk mendukung negara bagian dan teritorial. When questioned why the Commonwealth wasn't establishing more quarantine facilities using ADF resources, Commonwealth officials cited realistic constraints: "The Commonwealth obviously doesn't have a public health capacity... all medical personnel in the ADF amount to 935 staff and are almost all deployed supporting states and territories already.
Faktor pembatas sebenarnya dalam meningkatkan kapasitas karantina adalah ketersediaan tenaga medis yang terlatih" [19]. The real limiting factor on increasing quarantine capacity is the availability of trained medical professionals" [19].
Ini merupakan keterbatasan kapasitas yang nyata, bukan ketidakpedulian. This represented a genuine capacity limitation, not indifference.
### 4. Garis Waktu dan Evolusi ### 4. Timeline and Evolution
- **Oktober 2020**: Howard Springs dibuka sebagai fasilitas federal - **Oktober 2020**: Tinjauan Halton merekomendasikan fasilitas federal dalam kesiagaan - **2021**: Pemerintahan Morrison mengkomitmenkan fasilitas lebih dari 200 juta dolar Australia di Victoria - **Februari 2022**: Fasilitas Mickleham dibuka dengan 500 tempat tidur - Pemerintah federal MEMANG memperluas kapasitas karantina, tetapi ini terjadi seiring waktu - **October 2020**: Howard Springs opened as federal facility
- **October 2020**: Halton Review recommends federal facilities at readiness
- **2021**: Morrison government committed to $200m+ facility in Victoria
- **February 2022**: Mickleham facility opened with 500 beds
- The federal government DID expand quarantine capacity, but this occurred over time
Penilaian Kredibilitas Sumber
Sumber asli yang disediakan meliputi: 1. **Australian Parliament House (APH)**: Sumber daya parlemen resmi yang mendokumentasikan Konstitusi — **sumber primer yang sangat otoritatif** [20] 2. **ABC News**: Artikel analisis Laura Tingle dari 19 Januari 2021 — **penyiar arus utama yang dikenal dengan pelaporan yang seimbang**, meskipun artikel analisis ini mewakili interpretasi daripada pelaporan mentah.
The original sources provided include:
1. **Australian Parliament House (APH)**: Official parliamentary resource documenting the Constitution - **highly authoritative primary source** [20]
2. **ABC News**: Laura Tingle analysis article from January 19, 2021 - **mainstream broadcaster known for balanced reporting**, though this analysis article represents interpretation rather than raw reporting.
Tingle adalah analis politik yang dihormati [21] Sumber-sumber tersebut kredibel, meskipun interpretasi klaim tentang apa yang ditunjukkannya tampak dibesar-besarkan. Tingle is a respected political analyst [21]
The sources are credible, though the claim's interpretation of what they show appears overstated.
🌐
Perspektif Seimbang
### Kasus untuk Kritik Klaim
### The Case for the Claim's Criticism
Klaim ini memiliki merit dalam mengidentifikasi masalah konstitusional yang nyata: 1. **Tanggung Jawab Konstitusional**: Konstitusi memang memberikan kekuasaan karantina kepada Persemakmuran [27] 2. **Pergeseran Biaya**: Negara bagian menanggung sekitar 90% biaya karantina hotel, menggeser tanggung jawab konstitusional federal ke anggaran negara bagian [28] 3. **Risiko Sistemik**: Karena pelanggaran karantina terjadi di beberapa negara bagian, sistem terdesentralisasi ini menciptakan tantangan koordinasi [29] 4. **Pertanyaan Kapasitas**: Pemerintah federal dapat diminta bertanggung jawab untuk tidak membangun lebih banyak fasilitas lebih awal untuk mendukung kapasitas negara bagian [30] The claim has merit in identifying a genuine constitutional issue:
1. **Constitutional Responsibility**: The Constitution does vest quarantine power in the Commonwealth [27]
2. **Cost Shifting**: States bore approximately 90% of hotel quarantine costs, shifting a constitutional federal responsibility to state budgets [28]
3. **Systemic Risk**: As quarantine breaches occurred in multiple states, this decentralized system created coordination challenges [29]
4. **Capacity Questions**: The federal government could arguably have established more facilities earlier to support state capacity [30]
### Kasus Melawan Asersi Klaim ### The Case Against the Claim's Assertion
Namun, asersi spesifik klaim bahwa Koalisi "tidak membangun pusat karantina" adalah **terbukti salah**: 1. **Howard Springs**: Fasilitas federal dibuka Oktober 2020, diperluas beberapa kali, menampung 30.000+ orang dengan transmisi komunitas nol, beroperasi hingga Juni 2022 [31] 2. **Mickleham**: Fasilitas federal yang dibangun khusus senilai 580 juta dolar Australia, dibuka Februari 2022, menyediakan kapasitas 500 tempat tidur [32] 3. **Niat Terbukti**: Komitmen lebih dari 200 juta dolar Australia untuk Mickleham, mengumumkan rencana untuk fasilitas Canberra dan Tasmania [33] However, the claim's specific assertion that the Coalition "built no quarantine centers" is **demonstrably false**:
1. **Howard Springs**: Federal facility opened October 2020, expanded multiple times, housed 30,000+ people with zero community transmission, operated until June 2022 [31]
2. **Mickleham**: $580m purpose-built federal facility, opened February 2022, provided 500-bed capacity [32]
3. **Intent Evident**: $200m+ commitment to Mickleham, announced plans for Canberra and Tasmania facilities [33]
### Mengapa Negara Bagian Mengambil Tanggung Jawab Karantina Hotel ### Why States Took Hotel Quarantine Responsibility
Pengaturan ini mencerminkan baik kebutuhan praktis maupun realitas politik: - Awal 2020: Hotel segera tersedia; fasilitas yang dibangun khusus memerlukan bulanan untuk dibangun [34] - Negara bagian secara sukarela: Keputusan bukan pemaksatan federal tetapi kesepakatan negara bagian [35] - Kendala sumber daya: Persemakmuran kurang personel medis yang dikerahkan untuk pembangunan fasilitas yang cepat [36] - Pragmatisme federalisme: Mengkoordinasikan perbatasan antar-negara bagian memerlukan partisipasi negara bagian [37] The arrangement reflected both practical necessity and political reality:
- Early 2020: Hotels were immediately available; purpose-built facilities require months to establish [34]
- States volunteered: The decision was not federal imposition but state agreement [35]
- Resource constraints: The Commonwealth lacked deployed medical professionals for rapid facility establishment [36]
- Federalism pragmatism: Coordinating across state borders requires state participation [37]
### Penilaian Ahli ### Expert Assessment
Tinjauan Halton, yang dikomisionir oleh semua pemerintah melalui Kabinet Nasional, menemukan bahwa: - Karantina hotel adalah "pilihan terbaik ketika diimplementasikan" [38] - Fasilitas federal harus dipertahankan "dalam kesiagaan" untuk keadaan darurat [39] - Sistem harus tetap di bawah manajemen negara bagian dengan fasilitas federal sebagai kapasitas darurat [40] Penilaian ahli ini menunjukkan pengaturan tersebut **secara operasional masuk akal bahkan jika secara konstitusional tidak biasa**. The Halton Review, commissioned by all governments through National Cabinet, found that:
- Hotel quarantine was "essentially the best option when it was set up" [38]
- Federal facilities should be maintained "at the ready" for emergencies [39]
- The system should remain under state management with federal facilities as surge capacity [40]
This expert assessment suggests the arrangement was **operationally sound even if constitutionally awkward**.
### Konteks Kunci ### Key Context
**Ini BUKAN unik untuk Koalisi**: - Persekutuan secara teratur melihat masalah konstitusional federal yang ditangani secara kooperatif oleh negara bagian [41] - Infrastruktur kesehatan masyarakat, meskipun berkekuasaan federal, beroperasi melalui departemen kesehatan negara bagian/teritorial [42] - Pengaturan COVID mencerminkan pragmatisme federalisme Australia yang sudah lama berdiri daripada kelalaian Koalisi [43] **This is NOT unique to the Coalition**:
- Federation has regularly seen constitutionally federal matters handled cooperatively by states [41]
- Public health infrastructure, while federally powered, operates through state/territory health departments [42]
- The COVID arrangement reflected Australia's long-standing pragmatic federalism rather than Coalition negligence [43]
SEBAGIAN BENAR
6.5
/ 10
Klaim ini dengan benar mengidentifikasi bahwa negara bagian dan teritorial menanggung tanggung jawab utama untuk karantina COVID melalui karantina hotel, yang secara konstitusional merupakan tanggung jawab federal.
The claim correctly identifies that states and territories bore primary responsibility for COVID quarantine through hotel quarantine, which is constitutionally a federal responsibility.
Namun, asersi inti bahwa Koalisi "tidak membangun pusat karantina" adalah **secara faktual tidak benar**. However, the core assertion that the Coalition "built no quarantine centers" is **factually incorrect**.
Pemerintah federal: 1. **Mendirikan dan mengoperasikan fasilitas Howard Springs** dari Oktober 2020, yang menjadi pusat karantina andalan Australia 2. **Berkomitmen dan membangun fasilitas Mickleham** (580 juta dolar Australia, dibuka Februari 2022) 3. **Merencanakan fasilitas federal tambahan** di Canberra dan Tasmania Masalah sebenarnya bukanlah apakah pemerintah federal membangun fasilitas, tetapi apakah mereka membangun kapasitas *yang cukup* dengan cukup *cepat*, dan apakah tanggung jawab konstitusional seharusnya dilaksanakan lebih langsung daripada didelegasikan kepada negara bagian. The federal government:
1. **Established and operated Howard Springs facility** from October 2020, which became Australia's flagship quarantine center
2. **Committed to and built the Mickleham facility** ($580m, opened February 2022)
3. **Planned additional federal facilities** in Canberra and Tasmania
The real issue is not whether the federal government built facilities, but whether it built *enough* capacity quickly *enough*, and whether the constitutional responsibility should have been exercised more directly rather than delegated to states.
Ini adalah kritik kebijakan yang sah, tetapi berbeda secara material dari asersi klaim bahwa pemerintah federal "tidak membangun pusat karantina." These are legitimate policy criticisms, but they differ materially from the claim's assertion that the federal government "built no quarantine centers."
Skor Akhir
6.5
/ 10
SEBAGIAN BENAR
Klaim ini dengan benar mengidentifikasi bahwa negara bagian dan teritorial menanggung tanggung jawab utama untuk karantina COVID melalui karantina hotel, yang secara konstitusional merupakan tanggung jawab federal.
The claim correctly identifies that states and territories bore primary responsibility for COVID quarantine through hotel quarantine, which is constitutionally a federal responsibility.
Namun, asersi inti bahwa Koalisi "tidak membangun pusat karantina" adalah **secara faktual tidak benar**. However, the core assertion that the Coalition "built no quarantine centers" is **factually incorrect**.
Pemerintah federal: 1. **Mendirikan dan mengoperasikan fasilitas Howard Springs** dari Oktober 2020, yang menjadi pusat karantina andalan Australia 2. **Berkomitmen dan membangun fasilitas Mickleham** (580 juta dolar Australia, dibuka Februari 2022) 3. **Merencanakan fasilitas federal tambahan** di Canberra dan Tasmania Masalah sebenarnya bukanlah apakah pemerintah federal membangun fasilitas, tetapi apakah mereka membangun kapasitas *yang cukup* dengan cukup *cepat*, dan apakah tanggung jawab konstitusional seharusnya dilaksanakan lebih langsung daripada didelegasikan kepada negara bagian. The federal government:
1. **Established and operated Howard Springs facility** from October 2020, which became Australia's flagship quarantine center
2. **Committed to and built the Mickleham facility** ($580m, opened February 2022)
3. **Planned additional federal facilities** in Canberra and Tasmania
The real issue is not whether the federal government built facilities, but whether it built *enough* capacity quickly *enough*, and whether the constitutional responsibility should have been exercised more directly rather than delegated to states.
Ini adalah kritik kebijakan yang sah, tetapi berbeda secara material dari asersi klaim bahwa pemerintah federal "tidak membangun pusat karantina." These are legitimate policy criticisms, but they differ materially from the claim's assertion that the federal government "built no quarantine centers."
📚 SUMBER DAN KUTIPAN (16)
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1
Australian Constitution - Section 51(ix) Powers of the Parliament
ul.constitution-contents { counter-reset: constitution-number; margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 0; } ul.constitution-contents > li { margin: 0 0 1em; } ul.constitution-contents, ul.constitution-contents ul, li.chapter ol { list-style: none; } li.chapter ol > li { margin: 0 0 0
Powers of the ParliamentOriginal link unavailable — view archived version -
2
Who is responsible for quarantine in Australia?
The states and territories agreed to run hotel quarantine as part of their broader responsibility for public health, despite it being a federal role under the constitution. Why?
Abc Net -
3
Howard Springs quarantine facility — Australia's COVID-19 'port' — now shuts
It's the end of an era for the Howard Springs quarantine facility, with Australia's so-called "gold standard" infection management and control centre shutting its doors.
Abc Net -
4
Pandemic quarantine facility guide - Howard Springs
The pandemic quarantine facility guide presents a series of resources to aid preparation of isolation care facilities.
Pandemic quarantine facility guide -
5
Scott Morrison announces expansion to Howard Springs quarantine facility
The prime minister says an agreement has been reached with the Northern Territory government to expand the Howard Springs quarantine facility to 2,000 travel...
YouTube -
6
Deal in sight for $200m quarantine facility near Avalon Airport
A last-minute dispute is dragging out negotiations between the federal and Victorian governments to build a new quarantine facility near Avalon Airport.
The Sydney Morning Herald -
7
Victoria's $580m purpose-built COVID quarantine facility in Mickleham now open
Melbourne's $580 million purpose-built quarantine facility is getting ready to welcome its first quarantine patients next week, but with COVID-19 case numbers on the decline, it is only anticipating up to 10 guests on day one.
Abc Net -
8
New quarantine hub to be built in Victoria, site yet to be confirmed
The Victorian government and the Commonwealth have reached a deal for a purpose-built quarantine facility at either Mickleham or Avalon.
Abc Net -
9
National Principles for Modified Quarantine
Health Gov
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10
Australian Quarantine Policy: From Centralization to Coordination
Combining a historical institutionalism approach with institutional isomorphism and punctuated equilibrium, this article analyzes quarantine policy change across 120 years of Australian quarantine history. By anchoring its analysis within specific ...
PubMed Central (PMC) -
11
Reciprocity, Fairness and the Financial Burden of Undertaking COVID-19 Quarantine in Australia
Academic Oup
-
12
Why the future of coronavirus quarantine for overseas arrivals may be less onerous
Electronic monitoring and expanding the quarantine-free bubble are just some of the approaches National Cabinet is examining to make the country's "very effective" quarantine system less onerous and less expensive.
Abc Net -
13
ABC Editorial Standards and Practices
Information about the Australian Broadcasting Corporation including history, management, corporate reports, plans and submissions and the latest news from our media centre.
About the ABC -
14
COVID-19 Australia: Mickleham quarantine facility to close eight months after it opened
Lower COVID-19 case numbers and high vaccination rates mean the Mickleham quarantine centre is no longer needed, says the state government.
The Age -
15
Media Release: National quarantine facility urgently needed for stranded Australians
Zali Steggall -
16
COVID-19 Australian Government roles and responsibilities: an overview
Contributors Economic Policy Phil Hawkins Andrew Maslaris Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Cat Barker Nicole Brangwin Nigel Brew Angela Clare Law and Bills Digest Catherine Lorimer Juli Tomaras Politics and Public Administration Philip Hamilton Science, Technology, Envi
Aph Gov
Metodologi Skala Penilaian
1-3: SALAH
Secara faktual salah atau fabrikasi jahat.
4-6: SEBAGIAN
Ada kebenaran tetapi konteks hilang atau menyimpang.
7-9: SEBAGIAN BESAR BENAR
Masalah teknis kecil atau masalah redaksi.
10: AKURAT
Terverifikasi sempurna dan adil secara kontekstual.
Metodologi: Penilaian ditentukan melalui referensi silang catatan pemerintah resmi, organisasi pemeriksa fakta independen, dan dokumen sumber primer.